1,177 research outputs found
Inertial control of the mirror suspensions of the VIRGO interferometer for gravitational wave detection
In order to achieve full detection sensitivity at low frequencies, the
mirrors of interferometric gravitational wave detectors must be isolated from
seismic noise. The VIRGO vibration isolator, called 'superattenuator', is fully
effective at frequencies above 4 Hz. Nevertheless, the residual motion of the
mirror at the mechanical resonant frequencies of the system are too large for
the interferometer locking system and must be damped. A multidimensional
feedback system, using inertial sensors and digital processing, has been
designed for this purpose. An experimental procedure for determining the
feedback control of the system has been defined. In this paper a full
description of the system is given and experimental results are presented.Comment: 17 pages, 11 figures, accepted for publication on Review of
Scientific Instrument
Análise foliar em cinco espécies de eucaliptos
Two hundred recent mature leaves were collected, at april 1976, from each of the upper crown part of to years old plants (E. grandis, E. microcorys, E. resinifera, E.robusta, E. saligna), established on two Red Yellow Latossol site at Mogi Guaçu and Areia Branca, State of SĂŁo Paulo, Brasil. Chemical analysis were run for N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, B, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn in order to detect nutritional differences between the species. The highest concentration of N, P, K and S were founded in E. grandis; while E. microcorys exhibited the lowest concentrations in nutrients. High eleveis in Mn were observed in all species due the acid soils. The yields in (mÂł/ha.) of wood have varied considerably within the species. The higher production of wood was of the species E. grandis and the lower was due E. microcorys. A positive correlation were observed between nutrient concentration (x) and yield of wood (y) for the elements and is expressed by the following equations: Ny = 261.45 x - 158.51 r = 0.60** Py = 4.476.80 x - 126.24 r = 0.60** Ky = 715.27 x- 1.76 r = 0.58** Sy = 1.431.74 x - 2.13 r = 0.51** Fe y = 2.773.2 x+ 48.63 r = 0.34*Foram coletadas 200 folhas recem maduras de meia altura (H = 11 m) da copa das espĂ©cies E. graandis, E. microcorys, E. saligna de sete anos de idade, localizadas em solo latossolo, na regiĂŁo de Mogi Guaçu e Areia Branca, SP. As folhas foram analisadas para N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, B, Cu, Fe, Mn e Zn com os objetivos de detectar exigĂŞncias nutricionais distintas para as espĂ©cies, assim como correlacionar o teor dos nutrientes com o volume cilĂndrico de madeira (mÂł/ha). Constatou-se diferenças significativas na composição quĂmica entre as espĂ©cies. A espĂ©cie E. granais apresenta um teor mais elevado em N, P, K e S. As concentrações mais baixas dos nutrientes sĂŁo encontradas no E. microcorys. Foram constatadas diferenças significativas entre os locais nas espĂ©cies com exceção de Mg, B, Cu, Fe e Zn. Teores elevados em Mn foram constatados nas folhas de todas as espĂ©cies. O eucalipto de maior produção Ă© o E. grandis, sendo o E. microcorys o de menor produção. Foi constatada correlação positiva entre N, P, K, S e Fe nas folhas e produção cilĂndrica de madeira
Gravitational physics with antimatter
The production of low-energy antimatter provides unique opportunities to
search for new physics in an unexplored regime. Testing gravitational
interactions with antimatter is one such opportunity. Here a scenario based on
Lorentz and CPT violation in the Standard- Model Extension is considered in
which anomalous gravitational effects in antimatter could arise.Comment: 5 pages, presented at the International Conference on Exotic Atoms
(EXA 2008) and the 9th International Conference on Low Energy Antiproton
Physics (LEAP 2008), Vienna, Austria, September 200
Virgo calibration and reconstruction of the gravitational wave strain during VSR1
Virgo is a kilometer-length interferometer for gravitational waves detection
located near Pisa. Its first science run, VSR1, occured from May to October
2007. The aims of the calibration are to measure the detector sensitivity and
to reconstruct the time series of the gravitational wave strain h(t). The
absolute length calibration is based on an original non-linear reconstruction
of the differential arm length variations in free swinging Michelson
configurations. It uses the laser wavelength as length standard. This method is
used to calibrate the frequency dependent response of the Virgo mirror
actuators and derive the detector in-loop response and sensitivity within ~5%.
The principle of the strain reconstruction is highlighted and the h(t)
systematic errors are estimated. A photon calibrator is used to check the sign
of h(t). The reconstructed h(t) during VSR1 is valid from 10 Hz up to 10 kHz
with systematic errors estimated to 6% in amplitude. The phase error is
estimated to be 70 mrad below 1.9 kHz and 6 micro-seconds above.Comment: 8 pages, 8 figures, proceedings of Amaldi 8 conference, to be
published in Journal of Physics Conference Series (JPCS). Second release:
correct typo
Scientific Potential of Einstein Telescope
Einstein gravitational-wave Telescope (ET) is a design study funded by the
European Commission to explore the technological challenges of and scientific
benefits from building a third generation gravitational wave detector. The
three-year study, which concluded earlier this year, has formulated the
conceptual design of an observatory that can support the implementation of new
technology for the next two to three decades. The goal of this talk is to
introduce the audience to the overall aims and objectives of the project and to
enumerate ET's potential to influence our understanding of fundamental physics,
astrophysics and cosmology.Comment: Conforms to conference proceedings, several author names correcte
Calibration and sensitivity of the Virgo detector during its second science run
The Virgo detector is a kilometer-length interferometer for gravitational
wave detection located near Pisa (Italy). During its second science run (VSR2)
in 2009, six months of data were accumulated with a sensitivity close to its
design. In this paper, the methods used to determine the parameters for
sensitivity estimation and gravitational wave reconstruction are described. The
main quantities to be calibrated are the frequency response of the mirror
actuation and the sensing of the output power. Focus is also put on their
absolute timing. The monitoring of the calibration data as well as the
parameter estimation with independent techniques are discussed to provide an
estimation of the calibration uncertainties. Finally, the estimation of the
Virgo sensitivity in the frequency-domain is described and typical
sensitivities measured during VSR2 are shown.Comment: 30 pages, 23 figures, 1 table. Published in Classical and Quantum
Gravity (CQG), Corrigendum include
Reconstruction of the gravitational wave signal during the Virgo science runs and independent validation with a photon calibrator
The Virgo detector is a kilometer-scale interferometer for gravitational wave
detection located near Pisa (Italy). About 13 months of data were accumulated
during four science runs (VSR1, VSR2, VSR3 and VSR4) between May 2007 and
September 2011, with increasing sensitivity.
In this paper, the method used to reconstruct, in the range 10 Hz-10 kHz, the
gravitational wave strain time series from the detector signals is
described. The standard consistency checks of the reconstruction are discussed
and used to estimate the systematic uncertainties of the signal as a
function of frequency. Finally, an independent setup, the photon calibrator, is
described and used to validate the reconstructed signal and the
associated uncertainties.
The uncertainties of the time series are estimated to be 8% in
amplitude. The uncertainty of the phase of is 50 mrad at 10 Hz with a
frequency dependence following a delay of 8 s at high frequency. A bias
lower than and depending on the sky direction of the GW is
also present.Comment: 35 pages, 16 figures. Accepted by CQ
The variable finesse locking technique
Virgo is a power recycled Michelson interferometer, with 3 km long Fabry-Perot cavities in the arms. The locking of the interferometer has been obtained with an original lock acquisition technique. The main idea is to lock the instrument away from its working point. Lock is obtained by misaligning the power recycling mirror and detuning the Michelson from the dark fringe. In this way, a good fraction of light escapes through the antisymmetric port and the power build-up inside the recycling cavity is extremely low. The benefit is that all the degrees of freedom are controlled when they are almost decoupled, and the linewidth of the recycling cavity is large. The interferometer is then adiabatically brought on to the dark fringe. This technique is referred to as variable finesse, since the recycling cavity is considered as a variable finesse Fabry-Perot. This technique has been widely tested and allows us to reach the dark fringe in few minutes, in an essentially deterministic way
Astrophysically Triggered Searches for Gravitational Waves: Status and Prospects
In gravitational-wave detection, special emphasis is put onto searches that
focus on cosmic events detected by other types of astrophysical observatories.
The astrophysical triggers, e.g. from gamma-ray and X-ray satellites, optical
telescopes and neutrino observatories, provide a trigger time for analyzing
gravitational wave data coincident with the event. In certain cases the
expected frequency range, source energetics, directional and progenitor
information is also available. Beyond allowing the recognition of gravitational
waveforms with amplitudes closer to the noise floor of the detector, these
triggered searches should also lead to rich science results even before the
onset of Advanced LIGO. In this paper we provide a broad review of LIGO's
astrophysically triggered searches and the sources they target
Biopsia tendĂnea em equinos com tendões hĂgidos e com tendinite agura induzida pela colagenase: estudo preliminar
O artigo nĂŁo apresenta resumo
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