1,138 research outputs found
Online tracking: Questioning the power of informed consent
Online tracking technologies have raised considerable concerns regarding privacy and the protection of personal data of users. In order to help users to regain control over their personal data, Europe has amended its ePrivacy directive towards an opt-in regime. There are however many open questions concerning its implementation, especially regarding the issue of informed consent. This paper explores how the new legal situation impacts on behavioral advertising practices via the storing and reading of cookies in the Netherlands. The results show that the majority of the surveyed parties involved in behavioural advertising do not inform users about the storing of cookies or the purposes of data processing of the subsequently obtained data, neither do they have obtained users' consent for the storage of cookies. We also found that the majority of users lack the skills and knowledge how to handle cookies. These findings critically question the wisdom of the informed consent regime which lies currently at the heart of Europe's ePrivacy directive. --Online behavioural advertising,profiling,cookies,informed consent,Do Not Track,ePrivacy Directive
An Inner Gaseous Disk around the Herbig Be Star MWC 147
We present high-spectral-resolution, optical spectra of the Herbig Be star
MWC 147, in which we spectrally resolve several emission lines, including the
[O I] lines at 6300 and 6363\deg. Their highly symmetric, double-peaked line
profiles indicate that the emission originates in a rotating circumstellar
disk. We deconvolve the Doppler-broadened [O I] emission lines to obtain a
measure of emission as a function of distance from the central star. The
resulting radial surface brightness profiles are in agreement with a disk
structure consisting of a flat, inner, gaseous disk and a flared, outer, dust
disk. The transition between these components at 2 to 3 AU corresponds to the
estimated dust sublimation radius. The width of the double-peaked Mg II line at
4481\deg suggests that the inner disk extends to at least 0.10 AU, close to the
corotation radius.Comment: accepted for ApJ Letters (Oct. 2010
The narrow, inner CO ring around the magnetic Herbig Ae star, HD 101412
We describe and model emission lines in the first overtone band of CO in the
magnetic Herbig Ae star HD 101412. High-resolution CRIRES spectra reveal
unusually sharp features which suggest the emission is formed in a thin disk
centered at 1 AU with a width 0.32 AU or less. A wider disk will not fit the
observations. Previous observations have reached similar conclusions, but the
crispness of the new material brings the emitting region into sharp focus.Comment: Accepted as Astronomy and Astrophysics Letter; 4 pages, 5 figure
Beyond Speculative Robot Ethics
In this article we develop a dialogue model for robot technology experts and designated users to discuss visions on the future of robotics in long-term care. Our vision assessment study aims for more distinguished and more informed visions on future robots. Surprisingly, our experiment also lead to some promising co-designed robot concepts in which jointly articulated moral guidelines are embedded. With our model we think to have designed an interesting response on a recent call for a less speculative ethics of technology by encouraging discussions about the quality of positive and negative visions on the future of robotics.
CO ro-vibrational lines in HD100546: A search for disc asymmetries and the role of fluorescence
We have studied the emission of CO ro-vibrational lines in the disc around
the Herbig Be star HD100546 with the final goal of using these lines as a
diagnostic to understand inner disc structure in the context of planet
formation. High-resolution IR spectra of CO ro-vibrational emission at eight
different position angles were taken with CRIRES at the VLT. From these spectra
flux tables, CO ro-vibrational line profiles, and population diagrams were
produced. We have investigated variations in the line profile shapes and line
strengths as a function of slit position angle. We used the thermochemical disc
modelling code ProDiMo based on the chemistry, radiation field, and temperature
structure of a previously published model for HD100546. Comparing observations
and the model, we investigated the possibility of disc asymmetries, the
excitation mechanism (UV fluorescence), the geometry, and physical conditions
of the inner disc. The observed CO ro-vibrational lines are largely emitted
from the inner rim of the outer disc at 10-13 AU. The line shapes are similar
for all v levels and line fluxes from all vibrational levels vary only within
one order of magnitude. All line profile asymmetries and variations can be
explained with a symmetric disc model to which a slit correction and pointing
offset is applied. Because the angular size of the CO emitting region (10-13
AU) and the slit width are comparable the line profiles are very sensitive to
the placing of the slit. The model reproduces the line shapes and the fluxes of
the v=1-0 lines as well as the spatial extent of the CO ro-vibrational
emission. It does not reproduce the observed band ratios of 0.5-0.2 with higher
vibrational bands. We find that lower gas volume densities at the surface of
the inner rim of the outer disc can make the fluorescence pumping more effcient
and reproduce the observed band ratios.Comment: 20 pages, 21 figure
How is participation related to well-being of homeless people?:An explorative qualitative study in a Dutch homeless shelter facility
The majority of homeless people is socially excluded which negatively affects their well-being. Therefore, participation-based programs are needed. The current research is conducted within a Dutch homeless shelter facility that offers educational, recreational, and labor activities to clients in an environment which is designed to feel safe (an enabling niche). The main aim of these activities is to facilitate social participation. We conducted two qualitative studies consisting of 16 semi-structured interviews, to explore clients’ experiences with participation in activities in relation to their well-being. The findings showed that clients experienced that participation had led to an improvement of physical, social, and mental well-being. In general, clients reported that due to participation in activities they have strengthened their social support network, improved their (mental and physical) health, self-esteem and personal growth. We concluded that in order to facilitate long-term positive outcomes of participation in practice, it is necessary to focus on group cohesion, and on the social worker’s behavior and attitud
Warm gas at 50 AU in the disk around Herbig Be star HD 100546
The disk atmosphere is one of the fundamental elements of theoretical models
of a protoplanetary disk. However, the direct observation of the warm gas (>>
100 K) at large radius of a disk (>> 10 AU) is challenging, because the line
emission from warm gas in a disk is usually dominated by the emission from an
inner disk. Our goal is to detect the warm gas in the disk atmosphere well
beyond 10 AU from a central star in a nearby disk system of the Herbig Be star
HD 100546. We measured the excitation temperature of the vibrational transition
of CO at incremental radii of the disk from the central star up to 50 AU, using
an adaptive optics system combined with the high-resolution infrared
spectrograph CRIRES at the VLT. The observation successfully resolved the line
emission with 0".1 angular resolution, which is 10 AU at the distance of HD
100546. Population diagrams were constructed at each location of the disk, and
compared with the models calculated taking into account the optical depth
effect in LTE condition. The excitation temperature of CO is 400-500 K or
higher at 50 AU away from the star, where the blackbody temperature in
equilibrium with the stellar radiation drops as low as 90 K. This is
unambiguous evidence of a warm disk atmosphere far away from the central star.Comment: 7 pages, 5 figures, A&A in pres
Pragmatic rules for comparability of biological medicinal products
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The structure of the protoplanetary disk surrounding three young intermediate mass stars. II. Spatially resolved dust and gas distribution
[Abridged] We present the first direct comparison of the distribution of the
gas, as traced by the [OI] 6300 AA emission, and the dust, as traced by the 10
micron emission, in the protoplanetary disk around three intermediate-mass
stars: HD 101412, HD 135344 B and HD 179218. N-band visibilities were obtained
with VLTI/MIDI. Simple geometrical models are used to compare the dust emission
to high-resolution optical spectra in the 6300 AA [OI] line of the same
targets. The disks around HD 101412 and HD 135344 B appear strongly flared in
the gas, but self-shadowed in the dust beyond ~ 2 AU. In both systems, the 10
micron emission is rather compact (< 2 AU) while the [OI] brightness profile
shows a double peaked structure. The inner peak is strongest and is consistent
with the location of the dust, the outer peak is fainter and is located at 5-10
AU. Spatially extended PAH emission is found in both disks. The disk around HD
179218 is flared in the dust. The 10 micron emission emerges from a double
ring-like structure with the first ring peaking at ~ 1 AU and the second at ~
20 AU. No dust emission is detected between ~ 3 -- 15 AU. The oxygen emission
seems also to come from a flared structure, however, the bulk of this emission
is produced between ~ 1 -- 10 AU. This could indicate a lack of gas in the
outer disk or could be due to chemical effects which reduce the abundance of OH
-- the parent molecule of the observed [OI] emission -- further away from the
star. The three systems, HD 179218, HD 135344 B and HD 101412, may form an
evolutionary sequence: the disk initially flared becomes flat under the
combined action of gas-dust decoupling, grain growth and dust settling.Comment: Accepted for publication in A&
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