La prehistoria: una experiencia de trabajo por proyectos en educación primaria

El artículo muestra una experiencia de trabajo por proyectos llevada a cabo en el aula de 2º«A» de educación primaria del CEIP Cervantes Dualde de Betxí. Primeramente, se hace una breve conceptualización teórica de los proyectos de trabajo en el aula intercultural inclusiva. Seguidamente, se hace referencia a la contextualización y justificación de la experiencia así como a los participantes en la misma. Posteriormente, se muestran las fases en que se desarrolla la puesta en práctica de los proyectos de trabajo, para ello nos centramos en el proyecto de «la prehistoria» realizado durante el 2º trimestre del curso académico 2014/2015. Se presentan las valoraciones del alumnado y de las familias. El artículo termina con algunas propuestas de mejora.The paper reflects a project-based work experience carried out in Grade 2 in CEIP Cervantes Dualde Primary School, in Betxí (Castellón de la Plana). Firstly, a brief theoretical conceptualisation of the work projects implemented in the inclusive intercultural classroom is provided, followed by the contextualisation and justification of the experience as well as its participants. Finally, the different stages of the project implementation are revisited, focusing on the project “The Prehistory” carried out during the second term of the 2014/2015 academic year. Feedback from the students and their families is also presented. The paper ends with a number of proposals for further improvement

Inhibitors of lipogenic enzymes as a potential therapy against cancer

Cancer cells rely on several metabolic pathways such as lipid metabolism to meet the increase in energy demand, cell division, and growth and successfully adapt to challenging environments. Fatty acid synthesis is therefore commonly enhanced in many cancer cell lines. Thus, relevant efforts are being made by the scientific community to inhibit the enzymes involved in lipid metabolism to disrupt cancer cell proliferation. We review the rapidly expanding body of inhibitors that target lipid metabolism, their side effects, and current status in clinical trials as potential therapeutic approaches against cancer. We focus on their molecular, biochemical and structural properties, selectivity and effectiveness and discuss their potential role as antitumor drugs. Keywords: cancer drugs; lipid metabolism; lipogenic enzyme inhibitors

Effects of Orange Pulp Conservation Methods (Dehydrated or Ensiled Sun-Dried) on the Nutritional Value for Finishing Pigs and Implications on Potential Gaseous Emissions from Slurry

[EN] Utilization of local by-products in pig nutrition can reduce the environmental impact of feeds and contribute to the sustainable development of the livestock sector. Orange pulp (OP) is the most abundant citrus by-product worldwide, but its seasonal production and perishable nature requires storage and drying procedures that might affect its nutritive value. Conservation process by fuel drying is expensive and can impair feed sustainability. Instead, in the Mediterranean countries, OP is sun-dried in the open-air. This procedure often implies a previous silage (during storage) which occurs naturally, because OP has a high level of sugars available for fermentation. Orange pulp is also rich in soluble fiber, which is highly fermentable at the pig's caecum and may reduce gas emissions from slurry. In this study, the nutritive value of conventional fuel-dehydrated (DOP) or ensiled-sun dried (ESDOP) was determined for pig diets. Sugars fermentation during ensiling increases fiber level in ESDOP and decreases energy digestibility compared to DOP, but both OP have an appreciable digestible energy content for pigs, around 87 and 94% that of barley, respectively. In addition, they do not differ in the amount of slurry excreted and contribute to reduce potential derived ammonia and methane emissions. The inclusion of orange pulp (OP) in pig diets may promote the circular economy, but drying procedures might influence its nutritional value and environmental impact. The purpose of this study was to determine the energy value and nutrient digestibility of dehydrated (DOP) and ensiled sun dried (ESDOP) orange pulp. The potential ammonia (NH3) and methane (CH4) emissions derived from slurry were also measured. Digestible energies of 14.2 and 13.2 MJ/kg DM for DOP and ESDOP, respectively, were estimated by difference after a 500 g/kg substitution of a basal diet with OPs. A high fiber digestion efficiency was observed for both OPs. Pigs fed the basal diet showed a higher intake and a greater excretion of urine N than pigs fed with OP, but fecal N excretion did not differ among diets. A higher benzoic and hippuric acid content in urine was observed in OP than in basal diet. Altogether, these findings explained a lower pH in slurry of OP diets and a reduction of potential NH3 emissions. The biochemical CH4 potential also decreased, especially with ESDOP. Overall, both OP are relevant sources of energy for pig diets. Their inclusion in feeds generate favorable changes of slurry characteristics that reduce potential NH3 and CH4 emissions.This work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (AGL2014-56653 and RTI2018-095246).Ferrer, P.; García-Rebollar, P.; Calvet, S.; De Blas, C.; Piquer, O.; Rodríguez, CA.; Cerisuelo, A. (2021). Effects of Orange Pulp Conservation Methods (Dehydrated or Ensiled Sun-Dried) on the Nutritional Value for Finishing Pigs and Implications on Potential Gaseous Emissions from Slurry. Animals. 11(2):1-13. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11020387S11311

Dynamics of AC susceptibility and coercivity behavior in nanocrystalline TbAl1.5 Fe0.5 alloys

The static and dynamic magnetic macroscopic properties of bulk and nanocrystalline TbAl1.5Fe0.5 alloys have been investigated. In bulk state, this alloy is understood as a reentrant ferromagnet. This is characterized by a ferromagnetic Curie transition at 114 K, as deduced from magnetization including Arrott plots, higher than that of TbAl2. The reentrance is found at lower temperatures, below 66 K, with a cluster glass behavior setting in, deduced from the magnetization irreversibility. This is accompanied by an abrupt increase in the coercivity from 0.08 kOe to 15 kOe at 5 K, with respect to the TbAl2 alloy. Room temperature Mössbauer spectroscopy confirms the paramagnetic state of such a bulk alloy. The spin dynamics within the disordered magnetic state is described by the AC-susceptibility which shows a Vogel–Fulcher law for the slowing down process. This is caused by a random anisotropy affecting the existing clusters. The production of milled TbAl1.5Fe0.5 alloys enhances the presence of magnetic disorder and results in the particle downsizing toward the nanocrystalline state (close to 10 nm). In this case, two frequency-dependent contributions exist, with different activation energies, one of them cannot be described by ideal spin glass nor blocking/unblocking (nanoparticle) processes. In addition, the coercivity reduces to 1 kOe with the decrease in the size as a consequence of the existence of single domain particles. The results are explained by the intricate interplay between exchange interactions and magnetocrystalline anisotropy with disorder and size effects. © 2012 Elsevier B.V.This work has been supported by the MAT2008-06542-C04 and MAT2011-27573-C04 projects.Peer Reviewe

Agrumes entiers dans les rations totales mélangeés pour brebis laitières méditerranéennes. Production et composition du lait

[Otros] Dans cette étude, 48 brebis en lactation, appartenant à 2 races méditerranéennes, la race Guirra (race autochtone rustique) ou la race Manchega (race mixte) ont été utilisées pour évaluer l¿effet de l¿inclu- sion de fruits d¿agrumes entiers (WCF) dans leurs rations. Quatre rations complètes ont été formulées pour être iso-énergétiques et iso-azotées. Elles se différenciaient par le taux d¿incorporation de WCF (0, 10, 20 et 30%) qui était substitué, sur une base matière sèche, à de l¿orge concassée ou à de la pulpe de betterave en pellets. La production et la composition du lait ont été mesurées une fois par semaine sur deux traites successives (matin et soir). La production de lait obtenue avec le group recevant 30% WCF a été supérieure de 12% à celle des autres groupes. De plus, on a observé une réduction du taux butyrique avec l¿inclusion de WCF. Elle était de 8,2; 7,95; 7,69 and 7,1 pour les groups recevant respectivement 0, 10, 20 et 30% de WCF (P<0,05). La teneur en protéines du lait a été maximale avec le group recevant 10% WCF (6,4%) et minimale avec celui ayant 30%WCF (6,0% ; P<0,05), car la teneur en caséine du lait a été la plus faible avec le groupe recevant 30%WCF (-0,3% par rapport aux groupes avec 0 et 10% de WCF; P< 0,05), tandis que la teneur en protéines solubles a été similaire pour tous les groupes (moyenne: 1,17%). Tout au long de la période expérimentale, on a observé une diminution de la production de lait standard (6%FCM) avec toutes les rations (-35% par semaine), mais il a été plus prononcé pour les groupes recevant 20% et 30% WCF que pour les autres. En conclusion, l¿incorporation de WCF pourrait contribuer à diminuer la dépendance vis à vis des céréales pour les brebis à haute production sans affecter les paramètres de production laitière ; mais d¿autres études relatives aux effets de WCF sur la condition corporelle et sur la capacité des animaux en lac- tation à mobiliser leurs réserves doivent être faites.[EN] A total of 48 lactating ewes, belonging to 2 different Mediterranean breeds Guirra (rustic native breed) and Manchega (mixed aptitude breed) were used to evaluate the effect of the inclusion of whole citrus fruits (WCF) in their rations. Four iso-energetic and iso-protein total mixed rations were formulated containing fresh WCF at 0, 10, 20 and 30% replacing dry-rolled barley and pelleted beet pulp on a DM basis. The milk yield and composition were obtained once a week at morning and afternoon milking. Total milk yield values observed for 30% WCF group were 12% higher than for the others. Also, a reduction of the milk fat content with the inclusion of WCF was observed, being 8.2, 7.95, 7.69 and 7.1% for 0, 10, 20 and 30% WCF groups (P<0.05). Milk protein content was maximum for ewes on 10% WFC ration (6.4%) and minimum for 30% WCF group (6.0%; P<0.05), due to the lower milk casein content of 30% WCF group (-0.3% respect to 0 and 10% WCF groups; P<0.05), while soluble protein content was similar for all the groups (mean: 1.17%). Throughout the experimental period, a reduction of 6% fat corrected milk (6%FCM) production was observed with all the rations (-35 ml per week), but it was steeper for 20 and 30% WCF groups than for the other 2 groups. In conclusion, WCF could contribute to diminishing dependence of high-milking ewes on grains without affecting the milk output, however further studies related to WCF effect on body condition and on the capacity of lactating animals to mobilize body reserves should be made.This study was subsidized by the Consejeria de Agricultura, Pesca y Alimentación of the Regional Government of Valencia, and by the project INIA CAL03-089. 6.Piquer Querol, O.; Rodríguez Garcia, M.; Blas Ferrer, E.; Cerisuelo, A.; Fernández Martínez, CJ.; Pascual Amorós, JJ. (2011). Whole citrus fruits in total mixed rations for Mediterranean milking ewes. Milk production and composition. Options Mediterraneennes. Serie A: Seminaires Mediterraneens. 99:251-258. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/147521S2512589

A Useful allene for the stereoselective synthesis of protected quaternary 2-amino-2-vinyl-1,3-diols

Treatment of readily available allene 1 with Cy2BH followed by addition of an aldehyde led to quaternary protected 2-amino-2-vinyl-1,3-diols in high yield and excellent stereochemical purity. The choice of benzoyl as N-protecting group is critical since the observed N- to O-Bz transfer during the process prevents later undesired isomerizations in the adducts and keeps all heteroatoms protected

Education facing new gazes: the media age and educommunication of knowledge as key elements to school success

En la actualidad, para que la escuela transmita conocimientos de manera efectiva, se precisa de un profesorado implicado en la gestión de la incesante cantidad de informaciones que provienen de los medios de comunicación y tecnológicos. La tradición escolar había identificado el conocimiento con una acumulación de saberes ordenados y subordinados; pero la pedagogía moderrna nos muestra que el aprendizaje es una actividad intencional y que queda determinada por la predisposición en participar en los procesos de enseñanza-aprendizaje. Este artículo propone una revisión de los métodos de enseñanza como meros agentes de transmisión de conocimientos y se postula a favor de la gestión de todo aquel conocimiento que llega a nuestro alumnado a través de los medios. Todo ello se fundamenta sobre una idea esencial: los mensajes de los medios son construcciones; es por ello que una escuela que se proponga trabajar la educación en medios debe marcarse como objetivo aprender a que su alumnado interrogue esas representaciones, a fin de entender mejor la manera en la que los medios, en su día a día, van dando sentido a su realidad.Nowadays, in order for the school to transmit knowledge in an effective way, it is essential to have teachers who become involved in the management of the massive amounts of daily information from the media. School tradition had identified knowledge as a collection of organized or subordinate knowledge; but modern pedagogy shows us learning as concious and determined by the learner´s predisposition in the teaching-learning process.This article proposes a revision of the teaching methods as mere agents of transmission of knowledge, and is in favour of managing all the knowledge which is obtained by the media. It is all based on an essential idea: media messages are constructions; that is why, a school which makes the decision of working with the media should have as its main objective to make learners question those representations in order to clearly understand the way the media, in their daily life, are giving meaning to their reality

Mapping and characterizing social-ecological land systems of South America

Humans place strong pressure on land and have modified around 75% of Earth’s terrestrial surface. In this context, ecoregions and biomes, merely defined on the basis of their biophysical features, are incomplete characterizations of the territory. Land system science requires classification schemes that incorporate both social and biophysical dimensions. In this study, we generated spatially explicit social-ecological land system (SELS) typologies for South America with a hybrid methodology that combined data-driven spatial analysis with a knowledge-based evaluation by an interdisciplinary group of regional specialists. Our approach embraced a holistic consideration of the social-ecological land systems, gathering a dataset of 26 variables spanning across 7 dimensions: physical, biological, land cover, economic, demographic, political, and cultural. We identified 13 SELS nested in 5 larger social-ecological regions (SER). Each SELS was discussed and described by specific groups of specialists. Although 4 environmental and 1 socioeconomic variable explained most of the distribution of the coarse SER classification, a diversity of 15 other variables were shown to be essential for defining several SELS, highlighting specific features that differentiate them. The SELS spatial classification presented is a systematic and operative characterization of South American social-ecological land systems. We propose its use can contribute as a reference framework for a wide range of applications such as analyzing observations within larger contexts, designing system-specific solutions for sustainable development, and structuring hypothesis testing and comparisons across space. Similar efforts could be done elsewhere in the world

Diferencias en el paisaje asociadas a límites internacionales y asimetrías económicas

Land cover divergences across international borders reflect how country-level policies influence ecological footprints on the landscape. We identified 30 abrupt transboundary divergences across the globe, with major land cover differences despite similar ecological conditions. Divergences were significantly associated with differences in Gross Domestic Product (GDP) between countries, not with demographic differences. In mountains, unsuitable for mechanized agriculture, wealthier countries have higher forest cover and urbanization, suggesting advanced ‘forest transitions’. Lowlands with rainfed agricultural potential showed more agriculture development on the wealthier side of the border, except when the country´s economy was not based on agriculture. In drylands, wealthier countries showed much more irrigation-based agriculture. Despite globalization, transboundary divergences are unlikely to disappear and may even intensify, thus meriting increased research attention as a distinctive feature of Anthropocene ecology.Las divergencias de uso del territorio a través de límites internacionales reflejan en qué medida diferentes políticas nacionales influyen en su impacto sobre el paisaje. Identificamos 30 diferencias abruptas de cobertura del territorio a ambos lados de límites internacionales, bajo condiciones ambientales similares, alrededor del mundo. Las divergencias se asociaron significativamente con diferencias de Producto Bruto Interno (PBI) entre los países, no con diferencias demográficas. En zonas montañosas, no aptas para agricultura mecanizada, los países económicamente más prósperos mostraron mayores coberturas boscosas, sugiriendo etapas avanzadas de ‘transición forestal’. Las tierras bajas aptas para agricultura de secano mostraron mayor desarrollo agrícola hacia el lado del límite correspondiente al país con mayor PBI. En zonas áridas, los países más ricos mostraron mayor desarrollo de agricultura bajo riego. A pesar de la globalización, las divergencias entre países en cuanto a cobertura del territorio no son fácilmente reversibles e, inclusive, se pueden intensificar; por lo tanto, requieren mayor atención como una característica distintiva de la ecología del Antropoceno.Fil: Grau, Hector Ricardo. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Instituto de Ecología Regional. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Instituto de Ecología Regional; ArgentinaFil: Gasparri, Nestor Ignacio. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Instituto de Ecología Regional. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Instituto de Ecología Regional; ArgentinaFil: Aráoz, Ezequiel. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Instituto de Ecología Regional. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Instituto de Ecología Regional; ArgentinaFil: Aide, T. Michell. Universidad de Puerto Rico; Puerto RicoFil: Piquer Rodríguez, María. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Instituto de Ecología Regional. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Instituto de Ecología Regional; Argentina. Freie Universität Berlin; Alemani

Trade-offs between biodiversity and agriculture are moving targets in dynamic landscapes

1. Understanding how biodiversity responds to intensifying agriculture is critical to mitigating the trade-offs between them. These trade-offs are particularly strong in tropical and subtropical deforestation frontiers, yet it remains unclear how changing landscape context in such frontiers alters agriculture?biodiversity trade?offs.2. We focus on the Argentinean Chaco, a global deforestation hotspot, to explore how landscape context shapes trade-off curves between agricultural intensity and avian biodiversity. We use a space-for-time approach and integrate a large field dataset of bird communities (197 species, 234 survey plots), three agricultural intensity metrics (meat yield, energy yield and profit) and a range of environmental covariates in a hierarchical Bayesian occupancy framework.3. Woodland extent in the landscape consistently determines how individual bird species, and the bird community as a whole, respond to agricultural intensity.Many species switch in their fundamental response, from decreasing occupancy with increased agricultural intensity when woodland extent in the landscape is low (loser species), to increasing occupancy with increased agricultural intensity when woodland extent is high (winner species).4. This suggests that landscape context strongly mediates who wins and loses along agricultural intensity gradients. Likewise, where landscapes change, such as in deforestation frontiers, the very nature of the agriculture?biodiversity trade?offs can change as landscapes transformation progresses.5. Synthesis and applications. Schemes to mitigate agriculture?biodiversity trade?offs,such as land sparing or sharing, must consider landscape context. Strategies that are identified based on a snapshot of data risk failure in dynamic landscapes, particularly where agricultural expansion continues to reduce natural habitats. Rather than a single, fixed strategy, adaptive management of agriculture?biodiversity trade?offs is needed in such situations. Here we provide a toolset for considering changing landscape contexts when exploring such trade-offs. This can help to better align agriculture and biodiversity in tropical and subtropical deforestation frontiers.Fil: Macchi, Leandro. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Instituto de Ecología Regional. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Instituto de Ecología Regional; ArgentinaFil: Decarre, Julieta. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación de Recursos Naturales. Instituto de Recursos Biológicos; ArgentinaFil: Goijman, Andrea Paula. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación de Recursos Naturales. Instituto de Recursos Biológicos; ArgentinaFil: Mastrangelo, Matias Enrique. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Laboratorio de Agroecología; ArgentinaFil: Blendinger, Pedro Gerardo. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Instituto de Ecología Regional. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Instituto de Ecología Regional; ArgentinaFil: Gavier Pizarro, Gregorio. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación de Recursos Naturales. Instituto de Recursos Biológicos; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Murray, Francisco. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional La Pampa-San Luis. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria San Luis. Agencia de Extensión Rural San Luis; ArgentinaFil: Piquer Rodríguez, María. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Instituto de Ecología Regional. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Instituto de Ecología Regional; ArgentinaFil: Semper Pascual, Asunción. Humboldt-universitat Zu Berlin. Geography Department.; AlemaniaFil: Kuemmerle, Tobias. Humboldt-universitat Zu Berlin. Geography Department.; Alemani