Silver Nanoparticles Fabricated Using Chemical Vapor Deposition and Atomic Layer Deposition Techniques: Properties, Applications and Perspectives: Review

Silver nanoparticles with unique physicochemical properties and high biocide activity attract great interest in the design and in the manufacture of the new generation materials intended for biomedical technologies. This review aims to provide assessment of the bioactivity and usefulness of Ag-based materials in biomedical technologies, which are produced with the use of chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and atomic layer deposition (ALD) methods. The use of CVD and ALD technologies in the fabrication of silver layers, nanoparticles, and nanocomposites are discussed in the first part of this chapter. The second half of this review deals with the topics associated with the release of silver ions from nanoparticles or nanolayers and discusses the antimicrobial activity, bio-integration properties and toxicity of these materials

Oxo-Titanium(IV) Complex/Polymer Composites—Synthesis, Spectroscopic Characterization and Antimicrobial Activity Test

This article belongs to the Special Issue Antimicrobial Materials with Medical Applications.The emergence of a large number of bacterial strains resistant to many drugs or disinfectants currently used contributed to the search of new, more effective antimicrobial agents. In the presented paper, we assessed the microbiocidal activity of tri- and tetranuclear oxo-titanium(IV) complexes (TOCs), which were dispersed in the poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) matrix. The TOCs were synthesized in reaction to Ti(OR)4 (R = iPr, iBu) and HO2CR’ (R’ = 4-PhNH2 and 4-PhOH) in a 4:1 molar ratio at room temperature and in Ar atmosphere. The structure of isolated oxo-complexes was confirmed by IR and Raman spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. The antimicrobial activity of the produced composites (PMMA + TOCs) was estimated against Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538 and S. aureus ATCC 25923) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli ATCC 8739 and E. coli ATCC 25922) bacteria and yeasts of Candida albicans ATCC 10231. All produced composites showed biocidal activity against the bacteria. Composites containing {Ti4O2} cores and the {Ti3O} core stabilized by the 4-hydroxybenzoic ligand showed also high activity against yeasts. The results of investigations carried out suggest that produced (PMMA + TOCs) composites, due to their microbiocidal activity, could find an application in the elimination of microbial contaminations in various fields of our lives

Wybrane problemy nanochemii materiałów nieorganicznych, hybrydowych i polimerowych

Intensywny rozwój nanonauki i nanotechnologii przyczynił się do powstania i rozwoju nowych dyscyplin naukowych. Jedną z nich jest NANOCHEMIA, która umożliwia projektowanie i syntezę układów strukturalnych o określonych właściwościach, zdolnych do samoorganizacji, począwszy od skali molekularnej aż do nanometrycznej. Istotne znaczenie w procesach syntezy chemicznej ma hierarchiczność tworzonych struktur, która ściśle wiąże się z powierzchnią, rozmiarem, kształtem używanych do tego celu cząstek (bloków). Ścisłe powiązanie procesów chemicznych ze zjawiskami fizycznymi, a także właściwościami biologicznymi czyni Nanochemię nauką interdyscyplinarną, która obok chemii opiera się na fizyce, nauce o materiałach, inżynierii, biologii i medycynie

The evaluation of the impact of titania nanotube covers morphology and crystal phase on their biological properties

The highly ordered titanium dioxide nanotube coatings were produced under various electrochemical conditions on the surface of titanium foil. The anodization voltage changes proved to be a main factor which directly affects the nanotube morphology, structure, and wettability. Moreover we have noticed a significant dependence between the size and crystallinity of TiO 2 layers and the adhesion/ proliferation of fibroblasts and antimicrobial properties. Cellular functionality were investigated for up to 3 days in culture using a cell viability assay and scanning electron microscopy. In general, results of our studies revealed that fibroblasts adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation on the titania nanotube coatings is clearly higher than on the surface of the pure titanium foil. The formation of crystallic islands in the nanotubes structure induced a significant acceleration in the growth rate of fibroblasts cells by as much as *200 %. Additionally, some types of TiO 2 layers revealed the ability to the reduce of the staphylococcal aggregates/biofilm formation. The nanotube coatings formed during the anodiza-tion process using the voltage 4 V proved to be the stronger S. aureus aggregates/biofilm inhibitor in comparison to the uncovered titanium substrate. That accelerated eukaryotic cell growth and anti-biofilm activity is believed to be advantageous for faster cure of dental and orthopaedic patients , and also for a variety of biomedical diagnostic and therapeutic applications

Nanomateriały wytwarzane z fazy gazowej i polimeryczne nanokompozyty; Seminarium/Laboratorium

Techniki osadzania z fazy gazowej należą do jednego z najstarszych i najważniejszych sposobów wytwarzania nanomateriałów, szczególnie nanowarstw, nanokryształów, nanodrutów, czy też nanorurek. W odizolowanej komorze odparowywany jest materiał lub związek chemiczny, z którego zamierza się otrzymać nanomateriał. Zachodzące w następnej kolejności procesy fizyczne lub chemiczne prowadzą do zarodkowania i wzrostu nanocząstek, które dzięki dalszym procesom powierzchniowym i samoorganizacji prowadzą do utworzenia określonego obiektu. Metody osadzania z fazy gazowej można podzielić na: (a) techniki osadzania, w których najważniejsza rolę odgrywają procesy fizyczne, (b) techniki chemicznego osadzania z fazy gazowej (CVD) i (c) techniki oparte na procesach pirolizy. Kompozyty polimerowe, zwane również kompozycjami polimerowymi lub tworzywami wzmocnionymi, są układami dwu- lub wieloskładnikowymi, w których bazę stanowi związek wielkocząsteczkowy, a dodany modyfikator jest składnikiem decydującym o zmianie jego właściwości fizykochemicznych w stosunku do wyjściowego polimeru. Najczęściej dodawanymi substancjami modyfikującymi są napełniacze, które powodują pożądaną zmianę wytrzymałości mechanicznej, udarności, twardości, odporności termicznej, czy fotostabilności. Do innych powszechnie stosowanych modyfikatorów można zaliczyć plastyfikatory, stabilizatory lub środki ułatwiające przetwórstwo. Najczęściej są to substancje w postaci stałej, chociaż niektóre mogą być też cieczami. Modyfikacja powoduje też zmianę innych właściwości fizykochemicznych polimeru (m. in. gęstości, właściwości optycznych, elektrycznych, spektroskopowych, powierzchniowych)

Biocompatibility of Titania Nanotube Coatings Enriched with Silver Nanograins by Chemical Vapor Deposition

Bioactivity investigations of titania nanotube (TNT) coatings enriched with silver nanograins (TNT/Ag) have been carried out. TNT/Ag nanocomposite materials were produced by combining the electrochemical anodization and chemical vapor deposition methods. Fabricated coatings were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Raman spectroscopy. The release effect of silver ions fromTNT/Ag composites immersed in bodily fluids, has been studied using inductively coupled plasmamass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Themetabolic activity assay (MTT) was applied to determine the L929 murine fibroblasts adhesion and proliferation on the surface of TNT/Ag coatings. Moreover, the results of immunoassays (using peripheral blood mononuclear cells—PBMCs isolated from rats) allowed the estimation of the immunological activity of TNT/Ag surface materials. Antibacterial activity of TNT/Ag coatings with different morphological and structural features was estimated against two Staphylococcus aureus strains (ATCC 29213 and H9). The TNT/Ag nanocomposite layers produced revealed a good biocompatibility promoting the fibroblast adhesion and proliferation. A desirable anti-biofilm activity against the S. aureus reference strain was mainly noticed for these TiO2 nanotube coatings, which contain dispersed Ag nanograins deposited on their surface

Low-frequency electromagnetic field influences human oral mucosa keratinocyte viability in response to lipopolysaccharide or minocycline treatment in cell culture conditions

The aim of the current study was to investigate the influence of low-frequency electromagnetic field (LF-EMF) exposure on viability parameters of oral mucosa keratinocytes cultured in in vitro conditions. The effect of LF-EMF stimulation on cell viability was also specified in the simultaneous presence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) infectious agent or minocycline (Mino) anti-inflammatory agent. Viability parameters such as early-, late apoptosis and necrosis of keratinocytes were analysed by the flow cytometry method (FCM).The exposure of human oral keratinocyte cell cultures to LF-EMF acting alone or combined with LPS/minocycline agents caused changes in the percentage of cells that undergo programmed or incidental cell death. The overall obtained results are compiled in a graphical form presented in Fig. 1

Optimization of the Silver Nanoparticles PEALD Process on the Surface of 1-D Titania Coatings

Plasma enhanced atomic layer deposition (PEALD) of silver nanoparticles on the surface of 1-D titania coatings, such as nanotubes (TNT) and nanoneedles (TNN), has been carried out. The formation of TNT and TNN layers enriched with dispersed silver particles of strictly defined sizes and the estimation of their bioactivity was the aim of our investigations. The structure and the morphology of produced materials were determined using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning electron miscroscopy (SEM). Their bioactivity and potential usefulness in the modification of implants surface have been estimated on the basis of the fibroblasts adhesion and proliferation assays, and on the basis of the determination of their antibacterial activity. The cumulative silver release profiles have been checked with the use of inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICPMS), in order to exclude potential cytotoxicity of silver decorated systems. Among the studied nanocomposite samples, TNT coatings, prepared at 3, 10, 12 V and enriched with silver nanoparticles produced during 25 cycles of PEALD, revealed suitable biointegration properties and may actively counteract the formation of bacterial biofilm.Peer reviewe

Titania Nanotubes/Hydroxyapatite Nanocomposites Produced with the Use of the Atomic Layer Deposition Technique: Estimation of Bioactivity and Nanomechanical Properties

Titanium dioxide nanotubes/hydroxyapatite nanocomposites were produced on a titanium alloy (Ti6Al4V/TNT/HA) and studied as a biocompatible coating for an implant surface modification. As a novel approach for this type of nanocomposite fabrication, the atomic layer deposition (ALD) method with an extremely low number of cycles was used to enrich titania nanotubes (TNT) with a very thin hydroxyapatite coating. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used for determination of the structure and the surface morphology of the fabricated nanocoatings. The biointegration activity of the layers was estimated based on fibroblasts’ proliferation on the TNT/HA surface. The antibacterial activity was determined by analyzing the ability of the layers to inhibit bacterial colonization and biofilm formation. Mechanical properties of the Ti6Al4V/TNT/HA samples were estimated by measuring the hardness, Young’s module, and susceptibility to scratching. The results revealed that the nanoporous titanium alloy coatings enriched with a very thin hydroxyapatite layer may be a promising way to achieve the desired balance between biofunctional and biomechanical properties of modern implants