An Experimental SDN Proposal over Legacy GPONs to Allow Real-Time Service and Residential Network Reconfiguration

Producción CientíficaIn this paper we propose an experimental SDN (Software Defined Networking) solution over legacy GPON (Gigabit Passive Optical Network) equipment that allow a control of the network configuration and its services. On the one hand, the proposal permits to move certain global bandwidth and service configuration policies outside the GPON so that they can be managed centrally by an SDN controller. In legacy PONs the real-time bandwidth allocation process is made inside the network infrastructure cycle by cycle between the OLT (Optical Line Terminal) and the ONTs (Optical Network Terminals) so the network performance could be adversely affected due to the latency between the SDN controller and the PON. In contrast, the control of some global DBA strategies by SDN techniques could lead to better network and management configuration and therefore our proposal is able to dynamically adjust these policies according to the real-time Quality of Service (QoS) requirements of residential users. On the other hand, the designed SDN proposal permits network subscribers to control the performance of their residential homes. In this way, they can set constraints and dynamically customize the bandwidth of their connected devices in a very transparent and efficient way.Junta de Castilla y León (Project VA085G19)Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad (Project TEC2017-84423-C3-1-P)INTERREG V-A España-Portugal (POCTEP) program (0677_DISRUPTIVE_2_E

11ª Reunión Española de Optoelectrónica, OPTOEL’19

Producción CientíficaPassive Optical Networks (PONs) are the most deployed network infrastructure in the access segment. Indeed, the number of Fibre-to-the-Home (FTTH) subscribers in Europe increased with more than 59.6 million in September 2018. On the other hand, the automation of the PON configuration to lead to better control of the network management may provide many advantages to exploit the PON capabilities, for example to facilitate the integration of Software Defined Networking (SDN) strategies in this networks. Indeed, SDN may improve the network efficiency of networks regarding scalability, management and Quality of Service (QoS) performance. Therefore, we propose a network automation system in Python to control and configure a SDN-GPON solution implemented over a real GPON testbed.Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (project TEC2017-84423-C3-1-P

Allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation for mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalomyopathy

Mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalopathy (MNGIE) is a rare fatal autorecessive disease. Halter et al. report outcomes from all known haematopoietic stem cell transplantations worldwide from sibling or unrelated donors for MNGIE between 2005 and 2011. In some of the recipients, correction of the underlying metabolic defect results in gradual clinical improvemen

Gemini Observations of Galaxies in Rich Early Environments (GOGREEN) I : survey description

We describe a new Large Program in progress on the Gemini North and South telescopes: Gemini Observations of Galaxies in Rich Early Environments (GOGREEN). This is an imaging and deep spectroscopic survey of 21 galaxy systems at 1 10 in halo mass. The scientific objectives include measuring the role of environment in the evolution of low-mass galaxies, and measuring the dynamics and stellar contents of their host haloes. The targets are selected from the SpARCS, SPT, COSMOS, and SXDS surveys, to be the evolutionary counterparts of today's clusters and groups. The new red-sensitive Hamamatsu detectors on GMOS, coupled with the nod-and-shuffle sky subtraction, allow simultaneous wavelength coverage over lambda similar to 0.6-1.05 mu m, and this enables a homogeneous and statistically complete redshift survey of galaxies of all types. The spectroscopic sample targets galaxies with AB magnitudes z' <24.25 and [3.6] mu m <22.5, and is therefore statistically complete for stellar masses M* greater than or similar to 10(10.3) M-circle dot, for all galaxy types and over the entire redshift range. Deep, multiwavelength imaging has been acquired over larger fields for most systems, spanning u through K, in addition to deep IRAC imaging at 3.6 mu m. The spectroscopy is similar to 50 per cent complete as of semester 17A, and we anticipate a final sample of similar to 500 new cluster members. Combined with existing spectroscopy on the brighter galaxies from GCLASS, SPT, and other sources, GOGREEN will be a large legacy cluster and field galaxy sample at this redshift that spectroscopically covers a wide range in stellar mass, halo mass, and clustercentric radius.Peer reviewe

An experimental openflow proposal over legacy GPONs to allow real-time service reconfiguration policies

Producción CientíficaThe integration of Software Defined Networking (SDN) technologies in Passive Optical Networks (PONs) would provide great advantages to Internet Service Providers (ISPs) and Network Operators, since they can optimize the network operation and reduce its complexity. However, some tasks regarding online service and network configuration strategies are difficult to move to external SDN-controllers since they are time-critical operations. However, the control of some of these policies by SDN techniques could lead to better network and management configuration in a centralized and automatic way. As a consequence, we propose and experimentally test the integration of an OpenFlow approach over legacy Gigabit Passive Optical Networks (GPONs), which allows moving some global service configuration policies to an external SDN controller implementing an SDN management layer that adjust these strategies according to dynamic Quality of Service (QoS) requirements of services in residential users. The viability and efficiency of our approach are demonstrated using a GPON testbed and proposing a new business scenario for ISPs and Network Operators.Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (projects TEC2017-84423-C3-1-P and RTC2019-007043-7)Junta de Castilla y León (project VA085G19)Unión Europea a través del programa INTERREG V-A España-Portugal (project 0677_DISRUPTIVE_2_E

Experimental validation of an SDN residential network management proposal over a GPON testbed

Producción CientíficaWe propose, and experimentally demonstrate, an SDN (Software Defined Networking) new management solution for legacy GPONs (Gigabit Passive Optical Networks), which allows users to dynamically control their residential networks by means of a management application. In this way, users can customize the allocation of resources (and set constraints, if desired) to connected devices in their residential network, fast and efficiently. This real-time customization enables new business models for network operators and service providers. As a proof of concept and to validate the management solution, we demonstrate, in a testbed environment, the operation of a dynamic network scenario where an operator has a business model in which users have a contracted basic bandwidth, but they are allowed to increase it temporarily when using highly demanding services.Junta de Castilla y León (grant VA085G19)Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (grants (TEC2017-84423-C3-1-P and RED2018-102585-T)Programa INTERREG V-A España-Portugal (grant 0677_DISRUPTIVE_2_E

Software defined networking agent demonstration to enable configuration and management of XGS-PON architectures

This paper describes the design and implementation of an OpenFlow software defined network (SDN) agent that manages and configures 10-gigabit-capable symmetric passive optical network (XGS-PON) architectures. Acting as an OpenFlow switch, the SDN agent communicates with an SDN controller using OpenFlow, while holding direct communication with the optical line terminal (OLT) through the chipset manufacturer-specific application programming interface, eliminating the need for emulating SDN layers in hardware devices. The proposal was evaluated through experiments conducted on a White Box XGS-PON OLT using the Open Network Operating System. The results demonstrate that the proposal facilitates a real-time SDN configuration of various Internet services, successfully fulfilling different quality of service requirements. Due to its ease of deployment, low complexity, smooth learning curve, scalability, and flexibility in integrating services, the proposal has significant potential. As a result, it offers a rapid SDN solution for configuring and testing new functionalities with minimal programming changes required in specific layers of the developed SDN agent.Consejería de Educación de la Junta de Castilla y León y FEDER (VA231P20)Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación y Agencia Estatal de Investigación (Proyecto PID2020-112675RB-C42 financiado por MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033

Poor phenotype-genotype association in a large series of patients with Type III Bartter syndrome

<div><p>Introduction</p><p>Type III Bartter syndrome (BS) is an autosomal recessive renal tubule disorder caused by loss-of-function mutations in the <i>CLCNKB</i> gene, which encodes the chloride channel protein ClC-Kb. In this study, we carried out a complete clinical and genetic characterization in a cohort of 30 patients, one of the largest series described. By comparing with other published populations, and considering that 80% of our patients presented the p.Ala204Thr Spanish founder mutation presumably associated with a common phenotype, we aimed to test the hypothesis that allelic differences could explain the wide phenotypic variability observed in patients with type III BS.</p><p>Methods</p><p>Clinical data were retrieved from the referral centers. The exon regions and flanking intronic sequences of the <i>CLCNKB</i> gene were screened for mutations by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by direct Sanger sequencing. Presence of gross deletions or duplications in the region was checked for by MLPA and QMPSF analyses.</p><p>Results</p><p>Polyuria, polydipsia and dehydration were the main common symptoms. Metabolic alkalosis and hypokalemia of renal origin were detected in all patients at diagnosis. Calciuria levels were variable: hypercalciuria was detected in 31% of patients, while 23% had hypocalciuria. Nephrocalcinosis was diagnosed in 20% of the cohort. Two novel <i>CLCNKB</i> mutations were identified: a small homozygous deletion (c.753delG) in one patient and a small deletion (c.1026delC) in another. The latter was present in compound heterozygosis with the already previously described p.Glu442Gly mutation. No phenotypic association was obtained regarding the genotype.</p><p>Conclusion</p><p>A poor correlation was found between a specific type of mutation in the <i>CLCNKB</i> gene and type III BS phenotype. Importantly, two <i>CLCNKB</i> mutations not previously described were found in our cohort.</p></div

Poor phenotype-genotype association in a large series of patients with Type III Bartter syndrome

Altres ajuts: Departamento de Salud del Gobierno Vasco (2014111064) i Departamento de Educación del Gobierno Vasco (IT795-13)Type III Bartter syndrome (BS) is an autosomal recessive renal tubule disorder caused by loss-of-function mutations in the CLCNKB gene, which encodes the chloride channel protein ClC-Kb. In this study, we carried out a complete clinical and genetic characterization in a cohort of 30 patients, one of the largest series described. By comparing with other published populations, and considering that 80% of our patients presented the p.Ala204Thr Spanish founder mutation presumably associated with a common phenotype, we aimed to test the hypothesis that allelic differences could explain the wide phenotypic variability observed in patients with type III BS. Methods. Clinical data were retrieved from the referral centers. The exon regions and flanking intronic sequences of the CLCNKB gene were screened for mutations by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by direct Sanger sequencing. Presence of gross deletions or duplications in the region was checked for by MLPA and QMPSF analyses. Results. Polyuria, polydipsia and dehydration were the main common symptoms. Metabolic alkalosis and hypokalemia of renal origin were detected in all patients at diagnosis. Calciuria levels were variable: hypercalciuria was detected in 31% of patients, while 23% had hypocalciuria. Nephrocalcinosis was diagnosed in 20% of the cohort. Two novel CLCNKB mutations were identified: a small homozygous deletion (c.753delG) in one patient and a small deletion (c.1026delC) in another. The latter was present in compound heterozygosis with the already previously described p.Glu442Gly mutation. No phenotypic association was obtained regarding the genotype. Conclusion. A poor correlation was found between a specific type of mutation in the CLCNKB gene and type III BS phenotype. Importantly, two CLCNKB mutations not previously described were found in our cohort