New Approach for Temporal Stability Evaluation of Pseudo-Invariant Calibration Sites (PICS)

Pseudo-Invariant Calibration Sites (PICS) are one of the most popular methods for in-flight vicarious radiometric calibration of Earth remote sensing satellites. The fundamental question of PICS temporal stability has not been adequately addressed. However, the main purpose of this work is to evaluate the temporal stability of a few PICS using a new approach. The analysis was performed over six PICS (Libya 1, Libya 4, Niger 1, Niger 2, Egypt 1 and Sudan 1). The concept of a Virtual Constellation was developed to provide greater temporal coverage and also to overcome the dependence limitation of any specific characteristic derived from one particular sensor. TOA reflectance data from four sensors consistently demonstrating stable calibration to within 5%the Landsat 7 ETM+ (Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus), Landsat 8 OLI (Operational Land Imager), Terra MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) and Sentinel-2A MSI (Multispectral Instrument)were merged into a seamless dataset. Instead of using the traditional method of trend analysis (Students T test), a nonparametric Seasonal Mann-Kendall test was used for determining the PICS stability. The analysis results indicate that Libya 4 and Egypt 1 do not exhibit any monotonic trend in six reflective solar bands common to all of the studied sensors, indicating temporal stability. A decreasing monotonic trend was statistically detected in all bands, except SWIR 2, for Sudan 1 and the Green and Red bands for Niger 1. An increasing trend was detected in the Blue band for Niger 2 and the NIR band for Libya 1. These results do not suggest abandoning PICS as a viable calibration source. Rather, they indicate that PICS temporal stability cannot be assumed and should be regularly monitored as part of the sensor calibration process

LA EVASIÓN Y LA RECAUDACIÓN TRIBUTARIA EN LOS COMERCIANTES DEL CENTRO COMERCIAL DON MÁXIMO, DEL DISTRITO DEL CERCADO, PROVINCIA, DEPARTAMENTO Y REGIÓN AREQUIPA; AÑO 2013

Esta investigación tiene el propósito de conocer la evasión en los negocios del Centro Comercial Don Máximo en Arequipa. Los objetivos fueron: determinar cómo es la evasión en los negocios del Centro Comercial Don Máximo, cómo es la recaudación tributaria y el efecto de la evasión en la recaudación tributaria de estos negocios. Se hizo un estudio explicativo, comparativo, con trabajo documental y de campo. El universo comprendió 100 negocios dedicados a: perfumería, accesorios múltiples, velas, abarrotes, librerías, telas, snack. La información fue recopilada mediante fichas de observación documental, cuestionario de preguntas. Se encontró que, para la declaración de impuestos el 45% de negocios pertenecen al Régimen Único Simplificado, mientras que 33% son del Régimen Especial y 22% del Régimen General; en relación a las causas de la evasión, casi la mitad de negocios evade impuestos por desconocimiento del tema. Respecto a la recaudación tributaria, en lo relacionado a la recaudación la mitad señala que la recaudación es mala, más de la mitad señala que se debe ofrecer mayor orientación sobre recaudación; respecto a los impuestos más de la mitad de negocios paga el Impuesto General a las Ventas e Impuesto a la Renta. Concluimos que, se percibe evasión tributaria en los negocios del Centro Comercial Don Máximo ya que siendo mayoristas casi la mitad pertenecen al Régimen Único Simplificado; que la recaudación tributaria es mala según más de la mitad de los propietarios de los negocios, por ende la evasión afecta la recaudación tributaria en estos negocios. Palabras claves: Evasión, Recaudación Tributaria y Régimen Único Simplificad

Gestión del talento humano y el trabajo remoto en la empresa GSS de Lima Metropolitana 2022

La presente tesis desarrollada está enfocada en las exigencias y problemas de la empresa GSS de Lima metropolitana, relacionados con el Trabajo, motivación, Desempeño entre otras causas del TH (Talento Humano) correspondientes a la empresa. Teniendo un soporte para las dos variables que ayudaran a reconocer los problemas que viene pasando la organización. El presente estudio tiene como objetivo plantear la relación entre la Gestión del Talento Humano con el Trabajo Remoto para lograr establecer un impacto efectivo complementaria al momento de la superación de problemas que se presentan dentro de la organización. El estudio será básico, no experimental, de corte transversal y cuantitativo. Apoyada de la Teoría de la motivación y la jerarquía de las necesidades de Maslow, así como de la Teoría de juegos de Nash teniendo como autores principales a Ramírez & Ruiz por parte de GTH y Uribe por TR. El total de trabajadores en modalidad de trabajo remoto es de 145 personas conformado por hombres y mujeres. La muestra con la que se trabajara es de 105 personas igualmente conformadas. En las que hemos utilizado el cuestionario como instrumento de recolección y análisis de datos. Concluyendo, se logró identificar que la GTH es de gran importancia dentro de la organización para así lograr que el capital humano este sumamente motivado por valor que se les otorga teniendo por consiguiente un correcto desarrollo del trabajo remoto

Propuesta de implementación de un sistema de seguridad en el manejo Integral de residuos sólidos en la curtiembre Gonzalo Lino Sotomayor Alpaca en Arequipa 2019

Las industrias de curtiembres hoy en día no vienen realizando un adecuado manejo de residuos sólidos. Para la obtención del cuero se utilizan diferentes insumos químicos, unos más letales que otros dependiendo de la cantidad a usar los cuales atentan contra la salud de los trabajadores y al mismo tiempo generan problemas de contaminación. En ese sentido, el presente trabajo pretende contribuir a reducir el índice de enfermedades profesionales implementando un Sistema de Seguridad en el Manejo Integral de Residuos Sólidos, el cual nos permitirá gestionar de manera eficaz los residuos provenientes de cada etapa de la curtiembre y al mismo tiempo promover una cultura preventiva para salvaguardar la salud y seguridad de los trabajadores y disminuir las consecuencias que se puedan generar debido a la utilización y manipulación de sustancias químicas. La metodología aplicada en el presente documento consiste en realizar un diagnóstico a la empresa a fin de conocer el estado actual de la empresa con respecto a la gestión que ellos vienen realizando en el manejo de residuos sólidos y a partir de los resultados encontrados implementar las medidas preventivas. El Sistema de Seguridad en el Manejo Integral de R.R.S.S. nos permitirá garantizar la seguridad de las personas. Como caso de estudio consideramos la curtiembre Gonzalo Lino Sotomayor Alpaca, en las diferentes actividades que desarrolla para la obtención del cuero. Como contribuciones de la presente investigación se diseñó la Lista de Verificación, utilizado para realizar un diagnóstico inicial de la empresa sobre el manejo de R.R.S.S. y un Sistema de Seguridad compuesto por una matriz IPERC, plan de manejo de residuos sólidos el cual debe incluir capacitación y procedimientos seguros. Para la implementación del Sistema de Seguridad en el Manejo Integral de residuos sólidos se realizó la evaluación inicial en la curtiembre, mediante la aplicación de la lista de verificación y un examen a los trabajadores. Luego se identificó y analizó las sustancias químicas que intervienen en cada etapa del proceso y los residuos que se derivan. Mediante la matriz IPERC se identificaron los peligros y riesgos y se establecieron medidas de control. Debido a que la empresa no cuenta con un plan de manejo integral se vio por conveniente elaborarlo adicionando medidas de control en la gestión de residuos.Trabajo de investigaciónCampus Arequip

Overview of proteomics studies in obstructive sleep apnea

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is an underdiagnosed common public health concern causing deleterious effects on metabolic and cardiovascular health. Although much has been learned regarding the pathophysiology and consequences of OSA in the past decades, the molecular mechanisms associated with such processes remain poorly defined. The advanced high-throughput proteomics-based technologies have become a fundamental approach for identifying novel disease mediators as potential diagnostic and therapeutic targets for many diseases, including OSA. Here, we briefly review OSA pathophysiology and the technological advances in proteomics and the first results of its application to address critical issues in the OSA field.Work partially supported by Harvard Medical School – Portugal Program (HMSP-ICJ/0022/2011), Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT)/Poly-Annual Funding Program and FEDER/Saúde XXI Program (Portugal) and postdoctoral FCT-fellowship (SFRH/BPD/43365/2008)

Perfil de resultados de exames citopatológicos realizados em uma unidade básica de saúde da família no Município de São José dos Campos - São Paulo / Results profile of cytopathological exams carried out in a basic family health unit in the municipality of São José dos Campos - São Paulo

O câncer de colo uterino é uma afecção progressiva, podendo desenvolver-se, ao longo de uma a duas décadas, para um estágio invasivo. Devido sua evolução lenta, o câncer de colo uterino se diagnosticado precocemente apresenta possibilidade de cura. O objetivo do estudo foi identificar o perfil dos resultados dos exames citológicos do colo do útero em uma Unidade Básica de Saúde da Família. Trata-se de um estudo transversal, analítico e retrospectivo a partir dos resultados de exames citopatológicos realizados durante o primeiro semestre de 2019, por mulheres acompanhadas pela equipe de saúde alocada em uma Unidade de Saúde da Família, localizada na região leste do município de São José dos Campos. Foram levantados e organizados 800 resultados de exames citopatológicos, sendo consolidados em planilhas do Excel 2010 e expresso em gráfico. Os resultados apresentados a partir da porcentagem relativa mostraram uma prevalência (98,62%) de resultados sem alterações ou alterações benignas, além de estarem dentro dos limites de normalidade dos esfregaços citológicos. Foram identificados 0,5% de Lesão de baixo grau (LSIL) e 0,12% de lesão de alto grau (HSIL); presença de infecção por Candida sp. (2,87%) e infecção bacteriana por Gardnerella Vaginalis (13,12%), além do resultado de exame citopatológico com presença do protozoário Trichomonas vaginalis (0,62%). Conclui-se que as prevalências das alterações estão dentro do esperado nas ações do câncer de colo de útero realizado pela equipe da Unidade e atualização dos profissionais responsáveis pela coleta na Unidade permitiu observar a qualidade dos materiais colhidos foram boas. Entretanto mesmo os números de infecções estando dentro do esperado, destaca-se a atenção nas ações de promoção e prevenção às doenças sexualmente transmissíveis. 

Effectiveness of Secondary Risk–Reducing Strategies in Patients with Unilateral Breast Cancer with Pathogenic Variants of BRCA1 and BRCA2 Subjected to Breast-Conserving Surgery : Evidence-Based Simulation Study

Funding Information: JM, DP, and MJC conceptualized this study. JM curated the data. PRP performed formal analysis of the study data. JG and FC were responsible for funding acquisition and project administration. JM and PRP proposed the study methodology and wrote the manuscript. MJC, EM, and GT were responsible for acquisition of resources and study supervision. PRP performed software/statistical analysis. JM, PRP, MN-M, MJC, and FC validated the study. JM, MN-M, MJC, EM, and GT performed data visualization. JM, MN-M, MJC, EM, and FC reviewed and edited the manuscript. Publisher Copyright: ©Jelena Maksimenko, Pedro Pereira Rodrigues, Miki Nakazawa-Miklaševiča, David Pinto, Edvins Miklaševičs, Genadijs Trofimovičs, Jānis Gardovskis, Fatima Cardoso, Maria João Cardoso.Background: Approximately 62% of patients with breast cancer with a pathogenic variant (BRCA1 or BRCA2) undergo primary breast-conserving therapy. Objective: The study aims to develop a personalized risk management decision support tool for carriers of a pathogenic variant (BRCA1 or BRCA2) who underwent breast-conserving therapy for unilateral early-stage breast cancer. Methods: We developed a Bayesian network model of a hypothetical cohort of carriers of BRCA1 or BRCA2 diagnosed with stage I/II unilateral breast cancer and treated with breast-conserving treatment who underwent subsequent second primary cancer risk–reducing strategies. Using event dependencies structured according to expert knowledge and conditional probabilities obtained from published evidence, we predicted the 40-year overall survival rate of different risk-reducing strategies for 144 cohorts of women defined by the type of pathogenic variants (BRCA1 or BRCA2), age at primary breast cancer diagnosis, breast cancer subtype, stage of primary breast cancer, and presence or absence of adjuvant chemotherapy. Results: Absence of adjuvant chemotherapy was the most powerful factor that was linked to a dramatic decline in survival. There was a negligible decline in the mortality in patients with triple-negative breast cancer, who received no chemotherapy and underwent any secondary risk–reducing strategy, compared with surveillance. The potential survival benefit from any risk-reducing strategy was more modest in patients with triple-negative breast cancer who received chemotherapy compared with patients with luminal breast cancer. However, most patients with triple-negative breast cancer in stage I benefited from bilateral risk-reducing mastectomy and risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy or just risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy. Most patients with luminal stage I/II unilateral breast cancer benefited from bilateral risk-reducing mastectomy and risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy. The impact of risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy in patients with luminal breast cancer in stage I/II increased with age. Most older patients with the BRCA1 and BRCA2 pathogenic variants in exons 12-24/25 with luminal breast cancer may gain a similar survival benefit from other risk-reducing strategies or surveillance. Conclusions: Our study showed that it is mandatory to consider the complex interplay between the types of BRCA1 and BRCA2 pathogenic variants, age at primary breast cancer diagnosis, breast cancer subtype and stage, and received systemic treatment. As no prospective study results are available at the moment, our simulation model, which will integrate a decision support system in the near future, could facilitate the conversation between the health care provider and patient and help to weigh all the options for risk-reducing strategies leading to a more balanced decision.publishersversionPeer reviewe

Genetic and biochemical evidence for redundant pathways leading to mycosporine-like amino acid biosynthesis in the cyanobacterium Sphaerospermopsis torques-reginae ITEP-024

Cyanobacteria have been widely reported to produce a variety of UV-absorbing mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs). Herein, we reported production of the unusual MAA, mycosporine-glycine-alanine (MGA) in the cyanobacterium Sphaerospermopsis torques-reginae ITEP-024 using a newly developed UHPLC-DAD-MS/HRMS (ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection-high resolution tandem mass spectrometry) method. MGA had previously been first identified in a red-algae, but S. torques-reginae strain ITEP-024 is the first cyanobacteria to be reported as an MGA producer. Herein, the chemical structure of MGA is fully elucidated from one-dimensional / two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance and HRMS data analyses. MAAs are unusually produced constitutively in S. torques-reginae ITEP-024, and this production was further enhanced following UV-irradiance. It has been proposed that MAA biosynthesis proceeds in cyanobacteria from the pentose phosphate pathway intermediate sedoheptulose 7-phosphate. Annotation of a gene cluster encoded in the genome sequence of S. torques-reginae ITEP-024 supports these gene products could catalyse the biosynthesis of MAAs. However, addition of glyphosate to cultures of S. torques-reginae ITEP-024 abolished constitutive and ultra-violet radiation induced production of MGA, shinorine and porphyra-334. This finding supports involvement of the shikimic acid pathway in the biosynthesis of MAAs by this species.Peer reviewe

Identification of <i>Trichomonas vaginalis</i> alpha-actinin as the most common immunogen recognized by sera of women exposed to the parasite

A study on presence of antibodies to Trichomonis vaginalis in serum was done on a group of 500 pregnant, asymptomatic Angolan women. A serologic screening, done by ELISA, revealed that 41% of the women had IgG and IgM against the parasite. Analysis of sera by immunoblotting revealed that 94.4% of sera with anti-T. vaginalis IgG class antibodies were reactive against a common immunogenic protein of 115 kDa. The common immunogen was identified as the protozoan α-actinin. All sera recognizing the 115-kDa antigen were reactive against both native and recombinant T. vaginalis α-actinin and nonreactive against human α-actinin. The findings presented in this work offer a new tool for epidemiologic studies and open new perspectives for vaccination