Revista colores y paisajes Chiquintad

El presente proyecto denominado “REVISTA COLORES Y PAISAJES CHIQUINTAD” emite principalmente la creación de un medio alternativo de comunicación; enfatizando la importancia y el rol que cumplen los destinatarios en la selección de contenidos. Tiene como base teórica los modelos pedagógicos de Paulo Freire con la “Teoría del Oprimido”, y los conceptos aplicados a la comunicación de Mario Kaplún en su texto “El Comunicador Popular”. Además, este proyecto teórico-práctico nos acerca a la Parroquia Chiquintad mediante la descripción de su realidad social, económica y productiva comprendida en la revista. Dicho trabajo, cuenta con cuatro capítulos; el primero detalla la historia, organización política, costumbres y tradiciones de Chiquintad. En el segundo capítulo, está el marco teórico en que se fundamenta nuestro trabajo. En el tercer capítulo reposa la sistematización de la producción, ejecución y difusión de la revista. Y finalmente, en el último capítulo, se muestra las conclusiones y recomendaciones obtenidas luego de ejecución del proyecto.The present project called "REVISTA COLORES Y PAISAJES CHIQUINTAD" mainly emits the creation of an alternative means of communication; emphasizing the importance and the role that fulfill the recipients in the selection of content. It has as theoretical basis pedagogical models of Paulo Freire with the "Theory of the Oppressed", and concepts applied to the communication of Mario Kaplún in his text "The Popular Communicator". Moreover, this theoretical and practical project brings us closer to Chiquintad Parish by describing of your reality social, economic and productive included in the magazine. This work has four chapters; the first detailing the history, political organization, customs and traditions of Chiquintad. In the second chapter is the theoretical framework in which our work is based. In the third chapter rests systematization of production, implementation and distribution of the magazine. And finally, in the last chapter, conclusions and recommendations obtained after project implementation shown.Licenciada en Ciencias de la Comunicación Social en Periodismo y Comunicación DigitalCuenc

Strategies to improve the robustness of acentrosomal spindle formation in female meiosis

In meiosis, centrosomes are so important because they organize microtubules and nucleation of the spindle for a correct chromosomal segregation in eukaryotics cells. Human female oocytes lack centrosomes, so microtubules must self-assembly, which can cause mistakes in the process and diseases to the embryo. To study the molecular mechanisms supporting acentrosomal spindle, we are using the fission yeast Saccharomyces pombe as model scenario. In this organism, spindle pole bodies (SPBs), the functional equivalents of centrosomes, are sitting on the nuclear envelope (NE), which is dissasembled in each cell cycle by activating proteins like Sad1 and Bqt1, that mediate chromosome-NE contacts (Pineda-Santaella & Fernández-Álvarez, 2019). Based on these findings, our aims are making the acentrosomal spindle more robust and minimizing chromosomal segregation errors. In order to get then, we want to analyze the effects of overexpression of Cls1p, a cytoplasmic linker associated protein (CLASP) that stabilizes specific groups of MTs in S. pombe and has two homologous proteins in humans, CLASP1 and CLASP2. They contribute to the formation and maintenance of the spindle midzone by promoting MT rescue events (Al-Bassam et al., 2010). On the other hand, there are another important proteins in this process, like Klp6, a kind of kinesin-8, whose homologous proteins in humans are Kif18A, Kif18B, and Kif19. An in vivo study suggets that Klp6 binds to the tubulin triggering the birth of new MTs and promoting nucleation and catastrophe at the growing MT tip (Erent et al., 2012). Deletion or knockdown of Klp6 leads to longer spindles and defects in its assembly and position in many cases (Gergely et al., 2017), but we suggest that a longer acentrosomal spindle could also be stronger and more stable. So, we also pretend to observe the impact of deletion of klp6 on the spindle behavior and chromosome movements. To perform that experiments, we have obtained two different mutants for klp6 and cls1 in a bqt1Δ sad1.2 background by crossing some strains with these characteristics and we are studying what happens in the cell nucleus by fluorescent microscopy, using a DeltaVision microscope. As a result, we expect that chromosomal segregation in mutants for cls1 and klp6 will be more efficient with respect to the mutant control, which has only bqt1Δ sad1.2, and, ultimately, improve the meiotic process in this context

Role of Thrips Omnivory and Their Aggregation Pheromone on Multitrophic Interactions Between Sweet Pepper Plants, Aphids, and Hoverflies

In complex food webs, plants are commonly attacked by multiple herbivorous species, affecting the preference and performance of other herbivores and natural enemies. The role of omnivorous insects in ecosystems may be more complex because of the consumption of both plant and animal organisms. However, the effect of omnivorous insects on herbivores and natural enemies, has received little attention so far. The main goal of this study was to investigate whether the dual herbivore interaction between aphids and thrips, an omnivorous pest, on a sweet pepper system, may affect different trophic levels, from plant and aphid performance until the third trophic level, i.e., preference and performance of the predatory hoverfly Sphaerophoria rueppellii. Additionally, we tested whether the aggregation pheromone of the thrips Frankliniella occidentalis, could disturb the oviposition behavior of the predatory hoverfly. Our results show that the presence of thrips decreases host plant and aphid performance. Furthermore, despite not affecting syrphid larval performance, thrips presence reduces fecundity of the adults that emerge from those larvae. Additionally, we observed that syrphids avoid ovipositing on plants with either thrips or thrips aggregation pheromone. The present study reveals how the presence of thrips or a semiochemical compound related to thrips, can impact the behavior and performance of an aphidophagous predator.This work was supported by Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (CGL2016-79054)

Diversidad de enemigos naturales de pulgones en cultivos de lechuga

Este trabajo ha sido subvencionado por la beca predoctoral del Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología: AGL2003-0753-C03-01 y forma parte de la Tesis Doctoral de I. Morales (BES-2004-5217)

Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Response to High Light in the Charophyte Alga Klebsormidium nitens

The characterization of the molecular mechanisms, such as high light irradiance resistance, that allowed plant terrestralization is a cornerstone in evolutionary studies since the conquest of land by plants played a pivotal role in life evolution on Earth. Viridiplantae or the green lineage is divided into two clades, Chlorophyta and Streptophyta, that in turn splits into Embryophyta or land plants and Charophyta. Charophyta are used in evolutionary studies on plant terrestralization since they are generally accepted as the extant algal species most closely related to current land plants. In this study, we have chosen the facultative terrestrial early charophyte alga Klebsormidium nitens to perform an integrative transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis under high light in order to unveil key mechanisms involved in the early steps of plants terrestralization. We found a fast chloroplast retrograde signaling possibly mediated by reactive oxygen species and the inositol polyphosphate 1-phosphatase (SAL1) and 3′-phosphoadenosine-5′-phosphate (PAP) pathways inducing gene expression and accumulation of specific metabolites. Systems used by both Chlorophyta and Embryophyta were activated such as the xanthophyll cycle with an accumulation of zeaxanthin and protein folding and repair mechanisms constituted by NADPH-dependent thioredoxin reductases, thioredoxin-disulfide reductases, and peroxiredoxins. Similarly, cyclic electron flow, specifically the pathway dependent on proton gradient regulation 5, was strongly activated under high light. We detected a simultaneous co-activation of the non-photochemical quenching mechanisms based on LHC-like stress related (LHCSR) protein and the photosystem II subunit S that are specific to Chlorophyta and Embryophyta, respectively. Exclusive Embryophyta systems for the synthesis, sensing, and response to the phytohormone auxin were also activated under high light in K. nitens leading to an increase in auxin content with the concomitant accumulation of amino acids such as tryptophan, histidine, and phenylalanine.España Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación MINOTAUR (BIO2017-84066-R

TRPM5 rs886277 Polymorphism Predicts Hepatic Fibrosis Progression in Non-Cirrhotic HCV-Infected Patients

TRPM5 (transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 5) rs886277 polymorphism has been related to liver cirrhosis from different etiologies. The present study investigates the association of TRPM5 rs886277 polymorphism with liver fibrosis progression and cirrhosis development in chronic hepatitis C (CHC) patients. We conducted a retrospective study of 208 non-cirrhotic patients with CHC, who had at least two liver stiffness measurements (LSM) with a separation of 12 months (baseline LSM (LSM1) and the last LSM (LSM2)). Two outcome variables were considered: (1) LSM2/LSM1 ratio; (2) cirrhosis progression (F4; LSM ≥ 12.5 kPa). DNA genotyping was done at the CeGen using a MassARRAY platform. The follow-up time was similar irrespective of the rs886277 genotype (46.4 months in TT genotype, 46.4 months in CT genotype, and 49.2 months in CC genotype; p = 0.649). The highest LSM increases were found in patients with CC genotype compared with TT and CT genotypes (p = 0.044 and p = 0.038, respectively). The cirrhosis progression was higher in patients with CC genotype than TT genotype (p = 0.033). Thus, the rs886277 C allele was associated with higher cirrhosis progression (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 2.64; p = 0.014). Moreover, rs886277 CC genotype was also related to higher values of LSM2/LSM1 ratio (adjusted arithmetic mean ratio a(AMR) = 1.31; p = 0.001) and cirrhosis progression (aOR = 4.33; p = 0.027). TRPM5 rs886277 polymorphism was associated with liver fibrosis progression and cirrhosis development among hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected patients. Specifically, the rs886277 C allele and CC genotype were risk factors for advancing liver fibrosis and cirrhosis compared to the rs886277 T allele and CT/TT genotype, respectively.This study is supported by grants from Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) (grant # PI20CIII/00004 to S.R.). M.A.J.-S. and A.F.-R. are supported by “Instituto de Salud Carlos III” (grant # CP17CIII/00007 and CP14CIII/00010, respectively).S

Modulation of plant-mediated interactions between herbivores of different feeding guilds: Effects of parasitism and belowground interactions

Herbivory affects subsequent herbivores, mainly regulated by the phytohormones jasmonic (JA) and salicylic acid (SA). Additionally, organisms such as soil microbes belowground or parasitoids that develop inside their herbivorous hosts aboveground, can change plant responses to herbivory. However, it is not yet well known how organisms of trophic levels other than herbivores, below- and above-ground, alter the interactions between insect species sharing a host plant. Here, we investigated whether the parasitoid Aphidius colemani and different soil microbial communities (created through plant-soil feedbacks) affect the JA and SA signalling pathways in response to the aphid Myzus persicae and the thrips Frankliniella occidentalis, as well as subsequent thrips performance. Our results show that the expression of the JA-responsive gene CaPINII in sweet pepper was more suppressed by aphids than by parasitised aphids. However, parasitism did not affect the expression of CaPAL1, a biosynthetic gene of SA. Furthermore, aphid feeding enhanced thrips performance compared with uninfested plants, but this was not observed when aphids were parasitised. Soils where different plant species were previously grown, did not affect plant responses or the interaction between herbivores. Our study shows that members of the third trophic level can modify herbivore interactions by altering plant physiology.This work and T.V.’s activities were supported by Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation, (CGL2016-79054), the Open Technology Program of NWO (TTW-13848), and the STSM Cost Action FA1405 funded by the European Union. A.P. research activities were supported by the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO, project no. 870.15.080)

Supracondylar fractures of the humerus in children aged 2-14 years. Demographic profile and therapeutic approach at a third-level hospital in Medellín, Colombia

ABSTRACT: Supracondylar fractures of the distal humerus are the most frequent injuries that require surgical treatment in the pediatric population. Reports on the demographic profile and the therapeutic approach of patients with these fractures in Medellín, Colombia, are limited. This study was carried out in order to know the local epidemiology of these lesions, and to detect during the follow-up the good therapeutic decisions and the mistakes, as a basis for more complex research. Materials and methods: A comprehensive search was conducted of electronic medical records at a thirdlevel hospital; 205 cases of supracondylar fractures of the humerus were found in children aged 2-14 years, admitted to the emergency service (Hospital Pablo Tobón Uribe) between January 2005 and September 2009. Demographic and therapeutic aspects were analyzed. Results: Average age was 6.6 years; 61.5% of the patients were males. In 62.4% fractures affected the left side. Classification (Gartland) was as follows: type I: 41.5%; type II: 12.2%; type III: 46.3%. Fractures were closed in 95.5% of the patients. Treatment was surgical in 103 patients (50.2%). Average time between admission and surgery was 6.7 hours. The most frequently used surgical technique was closed reduction with percutaneous fixation with crossed pins (45.6%). There were 31 cases of neurological injuries, 28 of which affected the ulnar nerve. Nine of the 31 were observed in the immediate postoperative evaluation and all of these occurred in patients treated with crossed pins. There were no vascular injuries or compartment syndromes. Conclusion: This series presents the current demographic profile of patients with supracondylar fractures of the distal humerus in children, as well as the therapeutic approaches in a third-level hospital in Medellín, Colombia. These results may be the basis for future more complex studies.RESUMEN: Las fracturas supracondíleas del húmero distal son las lesiones más frecuentes de tratamiento quirúrgico en la población pediátrica. Los informes sobre el perfil demográfico y el enfoque terapéutico de las mismas en Medellín son limitados; este trabajo se llevó a cabo para conocer la epidemiología local de estas lesiones y detectar en el seguimiento los aciertos y errores del tratamiento como base para desarrollar estudios de mayor complejidad. Materiales y métodos: mediante una búsqueda exhaustiva en los registros de historias clínicas electrónicas se encontraron 205 casos de fracturas supracondíleas del húmero en niños entre dos y 14 años que ingresaron al Servicio de Urgencias del Hospital Pablo Tobón Uribe entre enero de 2005 y septiembre de 2009. Se analizaron en ellas los aspectos demográficos y terapéuticos. Resultados: el 61,5% de los pacientes fueron varones, la media de la edad fue de 6,6 años, en 62,4% de los casos la fractura afectó el lado izquierdo. La clasificación (Gartland) fue como sigue: tipo I: 41,5%; tipo II: 12,2%; tipo III: 46,3%. El 95,6% fueron fracturas cerradas. Se hizo tratamiento quirúrgico en 103 casos (50,2%). El tiempo promedio entre el ingreso y la cirugía fue de 6,7 horas. La técnica quirúrgica más frecuente fue la reducción cerrada con fijación percutánea con clavos cruzados (45,6% de los casos). Se observaron 31 casos (15,1%) de lesiones neurológicas, 28 de ellas del nervio ulnar; nueve de las 31 lesiones se registraron en la evaluación posquirúrgica inmediata, todas ellas en pacientes tratados con clavos cruzados. No se registraron lesiones vasculares ni síndromes compartimentales. Conclusión: esta serie presenta el estado actual del perfil demográfico de los pacientes con fracturas supracondíleas del húmero distal en niños y de las modalidades de tratamiento en un hospital de tercer nivel de la ciudad de Medellín. Los resultados pueden ser la base para futuros estudios de mayor elaboración metodológica

Realidad aumentada: laboratorios virtuales como tecnología emergente para el aprendizaje de los estados de agregación de la materia

This work is the result of a reflection about the benefits brought by emerging technologies, particularly augmented reality (ar), which is addressed as a didactic tool for teaching the water cycle in a group of 40 ninth-grade students from the Rafael Bernal Jiménez district school in Bogotá. During the implementation, the concepts related to the states of matter were studied from virtual laboratories (lv); the students were organized into groups according to the number of tablets (10) provided by the school to project the different models designed for the proper development of the topic proposed. The methodological design was carried out in the following stages: (1) documentary review on RA and lv; (2) didactic interventions in the classroom, delving deeper into the subject of the water cycle; (3) implementation of a virtual laboratory designed through the Unity platform version 5.4, consisting of four markers that projected the different states of water aggregation. Finally, the results obtained were analyzed, finding that students show great interest in the innovation of this technology, as well as a good understanding of the concepts presented.Este trabajo surge a partir de la reflexión acerca de los beneficios que traen las tecnologías emergentes, entre las que se destaca la realidad aumentada (ra), la cual se aborda como herramienta didáctica para la enseñanza del ciclo de agua en un grupo de 40 estudiantes del grado 9.º del colegio distrital Rafael Bernal Jiménez de la ciudad de Bogotá. Durante la implementación se estudiaron los conceptos relacionados con los estados de agregación de la materia, desde los laboratorios virtuales (lv); los estudiantes se organizaron en grupos según el número de tabletas (10) que dispuso el colegio para proyectar los diferentes modelos diseñados para el desarrollo adecuado del tema propuesto. El diseño metodológico se llevó a cabo en las siguientes etapas: (1) revisión documental sobre ra y lv; (2) intervenciones didácticas en el aula profundizando el tema ciclo del agua; (3) implementación de un laboratorio virtual diseñado a través de la plataforma Unity versión 5.4, constituida por cuatro marcadores que proyectaban los diferentes estados de agregación del agua. Por último, se analizaron los resultados obtenidos, encontrando que los estudiantes muestran gran interés por la innovación que tiene esta tecnología, además de una buena comprensión de los conceptos expuestos

Association of rs712 polymorphism in a let-7 microRNA-binding site of KRAS gene with colorectal cancer in a Mexican population

Objective(s): The rs712 polymorphism in a let-7 microRNA-binding site at KRAS gene has been associated with cancer. To examine its association with rs712 polymorphism, we analyzed Mexican individuals with colorectal cancer (CRC) and healthy subjects. Materials and Methods: Genotyping of the rs712 polymorphism was performed by polymerase chain reaction in 281 controls and 336 CRC patients. Results: The observed frequencies of rs712 polymorphism indicated an associated protective factor for CRC (P=0.032). An association between genotype and the disease was evident in: colon localization (allele T, odds ratio (OR) 3.82, 95% confidence Intervals (CI) 2.77-5.28, P=0.0001), node metastasis (genotype TT, OR 2.49, 95% CI 1.45-4.28, P=0.0009), poor differentiation (genotype GT, OR 2.35, 95% CI 1.35-4.1, P=0.0033), and poor chemotherapy response (genotype GT, OR 2.6, 95% CI 1.7-4.24, P=0.0001). Conclusion: Comparison of the data from patients with control group showed that polymorphism of rs712 in KRAS gene was protective factor, which was associated with susceptibility for CRC. However, the genotypes TT and GT of rs712 polymorphism in KRAS could contribute significantly to colon localization, node metastasis, poor differentiation and poor chemotherapy response in CRC patients in this sample population