42 research outputs found

    « Répétitions, variations »

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    Entrer, au propre et par dĂ©finition, signifie entrer de l’extĂ©rieur vers l’intĂ©rieur. Il s’agit du franchissement d’une frontiĂšre qui sĂ©pare deux espaces distincts ; un seuil. Dans son recueil de poĂšmes De seuil en seuil, Paul Celan crĂ©e des variations incessantes autour de ces passages qu’il envisage comme des crĂ©ateurs de mĂ©tamorphoses sensibles. Lorsque le dernier seuil semble avoir Ă©tĂ© franchi, demeure encore celui de l’Ɠil de l’autre : « par deux nagent les morts, / par deux baignĂ©s de v..

    Impact of COVID-19 on farming systems in Europe through the lens of resilience thinking

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    CONTEXT Resilience is the ability to deal with shocks and stresses, including the unknown and previously unimaginable, such as the Covid-19 crisis. OBJECTIVE This paper assesses (i) how different farming systems were exposed to the crisis, (ii) which resilience capacities were revealed and (iii) how resilience was enabled or constrained by the farming systems’ social and institutional environment. METHODS The 11 farming systems included have been analysed since 2017. This allows a comparison of pre-Covid-19 findings and the Covid-19 crisis. Pre-Covid findings are from the SURE-Farm systematic sustainability and resilience assessment. For Covid-19 a special data collection was carried out during the early stage of lockdowns. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Our case studies found limited impact of Covid-19 on the production and delivery of food and other agricultural products. This was due to either little exposure or the agile activation of robustness capacities of the farming systems in combination with an enabling institutional environment. Revealed capacities were mainly based on already existing connectedness among farmers and more broadly in value chains. Across cases, the experience of the crisis triggered reflexivity about the operation of the farming systems. Recurring topics were the need for shorter chains, more fairness towards farmers, and less dependence on migrant workers. However, actors in the farming systems and the enabling environment generally focused on the immediate issues and gave little real consideration to long-term implications and challenges. Hence, adaptive or transformative capacities were much less on display than coping capacities. The comparison with pre-Covid findings mostly showed similarities. If challenges, such as shortage of labour, already played before the crisis, they persisted during the crisis. Also, the eminent role of resilience attributes was confirmed. In cases with high connectedness and diversity we found that these system characteristics importantly contributed to dealing with the crisis. Also the focus on coping capacities was already visible before the crisis. We are not sure yet whether the focus on short-term robustness just reflects the higher visibility and urgency of shocks compared to slow processes that undermine or threaten important system functions, or whether they betray an imbalance in resilience capacities at the expense of adaptability and transformability. SIGNIFICANCE Our analysis indicates that if transformations are required, e.g. to respond to concerns about transnational value chains and future pandemics from zoonosis, the transformative capacity of many farming systems needs to be actively enhanced through an enabling environment

    Abstracts from the Food Allergy and Anaphylaxis Meeting 2016

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    Développement de radiopharmaceutiques trifonctionnels à base de TE1PA pour une approche théranostique en oncologie

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    Ces travaux s’inscrivent dans le cadre des grands enjeux actuels de santĂ© publique Ă  savoir le dĂ©veloppement de nouveaux outils pour le diagnostic et la thĂ©rapie ciblĂ©e de patients atteints de cancer pour une mĂ©decine personnalisĂ©e. Ce travail concerne plus particuliĂšrement la synthĂšse et l’étude de radiopharmaceutiques bi- et trifonctionnels, dĂ©rivĂ©s du cyclam monopicolinate (TE1PA), Ă  base de cuivre-64 et de palladium-109 pour des applications en imagerie nuclĂ©aire par Tomographie d’Emission de Positrons (TEP) ou en radiothĂ©rapie ciblĂ©es. Un premier chapitre bibliographique dĂ©crit l’intĂ©rĂȘt de la mĂ©decine nuclĂ©aire, les radionuclĂ©ides de choix pour l’imagerie ou la thĂ©rapie, ainsi que les chĂ©lateurs les plus utilisĂ©s. Le chapitre 2 prĂ©sente une synthĂšse de deux ligands modĂšles originaux obtenus par C-aryl fonctionnalisation de l’unitĂ© picolinate du ligand TE1PA et la comparaison de la complexation du Cu(II) au ligand d’origine. Le chapitre 3 concerne la synthĂšse de deux ligands trifonctionnels du TE1PA pour un ciblage des cellules cancĂ©reuses et des Ă©tudes d’imagerie par 64Cu-TEP. Le premier composĂ© a Ă©tĂ© conjuguĂ© avec l’anticorps 9E7.4 tandis que le second a Ă©tĂ© conçu pour cibler Ă  la fois l’albumine et le mĂ©tabolisme glucidique. Le chapitre 4 prĂ©sente une Ă©tude de la coordination du palladium(II) par le TE1PA, ainsi que les rĂ©sultats de radiomarquage avec le 109Pd pour envisager une application des prĂ©cĂ©dents composĂ©s Ă  des fins thĂ©rapeutiques.These investigations are part of the current major public health issues, namely the development of new tools for the diagnosis and targeted therapy of cancer patients for personalized medicine. This work concerns more particularly the synthesis and the study of bi- and trifunctional radiopharmaceuticals, derived from cyclam monopicolinate (TE1PA), based on copper-64 and palladium-109 for applications in nuclear imaging by Positron Emission Tomography (PET) or in radiotherapy. A first bibliographic chapter describes the interest of nuclear medicine, the radionuclides of choice for imaging or therapy, as well as the most commonly used chelators. Chapter 2 presents the synthesis of two original model ligands obtained by C-aryl-functionalization of the picolinate unit of the TE1PA ligand and the comparison of Cu(II) complexation to the original ligand. Chapter 3 concerns the synthesis of two trifunctional ligands of TE1PA for cancer cell targeting and 64Cu-PET imaging studies. The first compound was conjugated with the 9E7.4 antibody while the second was designed to target both albumin and glucose metabolism. Chapter 4 presents a study of the coordination of palladium(II) by TE1PA, as well as the results of radiolabeling with 109Pd to consider an application of the above compounds for therapeutic purposes

    Les représentations sociales du numérique éducatif des enseignants de sciences dans le secondaire

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    Why use digital? Digital is a concept that brings people together, the youngest people we call « digital native » and the less young but what’s on is that its use is common to all: to do research, watch movies or chat with other people. But what about the place of digital at school? For this dissertation, we will therefore focus on digital education and its teaching dimension, that is to say the look that teachers take on digital education. This will lead us to answer the following question: what are the social representations of the digital education by the teachers of Sciences in middle and high school? From the theories of Serge Moscovici’s social representations to free associations tests through questionnaires, we will try to answer this question.Pourquoi utiliser le numĂ©rique ? Le numĂ©rique est un concept qui rĂ©unit les gens, que ce soit les plus jeunes que l’on qualifie de « digital native » ou les moins jeunes. Mais ce qui est sĂ»r c’est que son utilisation est commune Ă  tous : faire des recherches, regarder des films ou Ă©changer avec d’autres personnes. Mais qu'en est-il de la place du numĂ©rique Ă  l'Ă©cole ? Pour ce mĂ©moire, nous allons donc nous intĂ©resser au numĂ©rique Ă©ducatif et sa dimension enseignante, c’est-Ă -dire au regard que portent les professeurs sur le numĂ©rique Ă©ducatif. Ceci nous amĂšnera Ă  rĂ©pondre Ă  la problĂ©matique suivante : quelles sont les reprĂ©sentations sociales du numĂ©rique Ă©ducatif par les enseignants de Sciences dans le Secondaire ? En passant des thĂ©ories des reprĂ©sentations sociales de Serge Moscovici aux tests d’associations libres Ă  travers des questionnaires, nous tenterons de rĂ©pondre Ă  cette problĂ©matique

    Palladium(II) coordination with polyazacycloalkanes

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    International audienceIn view of the growing interest of palladium(II) for medical applications and the important role of polyamines in exploiting its properties, this review combines the published literature on the coordination of Pd(II) with small polyazacycloalkanes (three and four nitrogen atoms), such as 1,4,7-triazacyclononane, 1,5,9-triazacyclododecane, cyclen, cyclam, as well as their derivatives or close scaffolds such as pyclen. Finally, the rare examples of the use of aza-ligands with 103Pd and 109Pd radioisotopes for therapeutic purposes are also presented. The coordination of the Pd(II) ion is mainly square planar, often slightly distorted depending on the nature of the ligand. A few rare five-coordinated complexes with square pyramidal or trigonal bipyramidal geometries have been described in cases where the steric or topological requirements of the ligand outweigh the loss of stabilization due to geometric distortion. Considering the marked structural preference of Pd(II) for square planar coordination, this review allows us to propose hypotheses on the nature of new Pd(II) complexes whose properties could be exploited, especially in nuclear medicine
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