El enfoque en el servicio al cliente fuente de diferenciación y competitividad empresarial

Éste ensayo tuvo como objetivo demostrar que el conocimiento del mercado genera estrategias de valor agregado para la compañía, aunque para esto se requiere implantar una cultura de servicio dentro de la empresa que conlleva a la utilización de recursos y tiempo, pero que ha corto y largo plazo muestra sus bondades en cuanto a fidelización de clientes, diferenciación del servicio y competitividad empresaria

Al-Sumaysir, satirical poet and witness to the Taifa kingdoms

Se estudia la vida y la obra del poeta de origen granadino, emigrado a Almería, Abū l-Qāsim Jalaf b. Faraŷ al-Ilbīrī, conocido por el apodo peyorativo de al-Sumaysir. A través de sus versos y de las anécdotas que nos han llegado sobre él en las fuentes árabes, así como teniendo en cuenta los diversos estudios que se le han dedicado, el trabajo se acerca a su compleja trayectoria personal y a su particular visión revolucionaria de su épo-ca, el s. XI. Se aportan novedosos datos sobre su personalidad y los motivos de su exilio de Granada, al igual que sobre su vida en la corte del rey al-Mu‘taṣim de Almería. La ironía y crítica de al-Sumaysir alcanzaron a los régulos de taifas y, especialmente, a los beréberes. Es autor también de poemas de tono sentencioso, elegiaco, filosófico y ascético, junto con otros más mundanos, entre ellos atrevidos versos amorosos de inspiración homoerótica. Su poesía, aparentemente grosera, jocosa y festiva, arremete contra diversos aspectos repro-bables de la sociedad andalusí de su tiempo. Es un documento sobre su entorno sociopolí-tico y cultural.This paper examines the life and work of Abū l-Qāsim Khalaf b. Faraj al-Ilbīrī, the Granada-born poet who emigrated to Almeria and is known by the derogatory nickname of al-Sumaysir. Through his poetry and the anecdotes concerning him that have reached the present day in Arabic sources, and also making use of the different studies done on him, this paper explores his complex personal trajectory and his particular revolutionary vision of the times in which he lived, the 11th century. New information is provided on his personality and the reasons for his exile from Granada, and also about his life in the court of al-Mu‘taṣim of Almería. Al-Sumaysir’s irony and criticism were often aimed at the Taifa rulers, particularly the Berbers. He also authored sententious, elegiac, philosophical and ascetic poems, along with other, more mundane ones, including some daring love poetry of homoerotic inspiration. His apparently coarse, jocular and festive verse, which can in fact be read as a critique of various objectionable aspects of Andalusi society of his time, is a document of his sociopolitical and cultural setting

Cumplimiento del marco internacional en materia de género en operaciones marítimas de intercepción y salvamento ligadas a la migración mixta: el caso de España en un contexto Europeo

Women make up around 10% of those arriving irregularly to Spain through mixed migration by sea. For its part, Spain has carried out an extensive overhaul of regulations relating to gender. This national framework has not only been driven by social changes but is largely due to international obligations and commitments arising from the Convention on the elimination of all forms of discrimination against women, the Council of Europe Convention on preventing and combating violence against women and domestic violence, the UN Women, Peace and Security Agenda, and the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.Taking these factors as a basis, this article focuses on an analysis of the extent to which Spain is complying with these international obligations and commitments on gender in cases of rescue or interception operations at sea involving mixed migration in a European context. Information from current international and national monitoring and follow-up mechanisms is used for this evaluation. Following this, problems and obstacles hampering compliance are identified, and potential changes and improvements are proposed.Les femmes représentant environ 10% des personnes qu’arrivent en Espagne de manière irrégulier dans le cadre de la migration mixte par voie maritime. Par ailleurs, l’Espagne a réalisé un développement normatif intense en matière de genre. Ce cadre normatif national n’est pas seulement le résultat de changements sociaux, mais principalement des obligations et des engagements internationales découlant de la Convention sur l’élimination de toutes les formes de discrimination à l’égard des femmes, la Convention du Conseil de l’Europe sur la prévention et la lutte contre le violence à l’égard des femmes et la violence domestique (« Convention d’Istanbul »), et les agendas des Nations Unies « Femmes, paix et sécurité » et « L’ Agenda 2030 et les objectifs de développement durable ».Sur la base de ces idées, ce travail porte sur l’analyse du respect pour l’Espagne de ces obligations et engagement internationaux en matière de genre dans le cas d’opérations d’interception et/ou de sauvetage maritimes liées à la migration mixte dans le contexte européen actuel. Pour ce faire, les informations issues des mécanismes de supervision et de suivi existant au niveau international et national sont prises comme référence. Ensuite, les problèmes et les difficultés pour atteindre ladite conformité sont identifiés, en proposant des voies possibles de changement et d’amélioration.Las mujeres representan el 10% aproximadamente de las personas que llegan a España irregularmente en el marco de la migración mixta por mar. A su vez, España ha llevado a cabo un intenso desarrollo normativo en materia de género. Este marco normativo nacional no sólo es el resultado de cambios sociales, sino principalmente de las obligaciones y compromisos internacionales derivados del Convenio para la eliminación de todas las formas de discriminación de la mujer, del Convenio del Consejo de Europa sobre prevención y lucha contra la violencia contra la mujer y la violencia doméstica, y de las agendas de Naciones Unidas, “Mujeres, paz y seguridad” y la “Agenda 2030 para el desarrollo sostenible”.Partiendo de estos presupuestos, el trabajo se centra en el análisis del cumplimiento por España de tales obligaciones y compromisos internacionales en materia de género en el caso de las operaciones marítimas de intercepción y/o rescate ligadas a la migración mixta en el presente contexto europeo. Para ello, se toma como referencia la información que resulta de los mecanismos de supervisión y seguimiento existentes en el plano internacional y nacional. A continuación, se identifican los problemas y dificultades para dicho cumplimiento, proponiendo posibles vías de cambio y mejora

An orderly inactivation of intracellular retention signals controls surface expression of the T cell antigen receptor

Exit from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an important checkpoint for proper assembly of multimeric plasma membrane receptors. The six subunits of the T cell receptor (TCR; TCRα, TCRβ, CD3γ, CD3δ, CD3ɛ, and CD3ζ) are each endowed with ER retention/retrieval signals, and regulation of its targeting to the plasma membrane is therefore especially intriguing. We have studied the importance of the distinct ER retention signals at different stages of TCR intracellular assembly. To this end, we have characterized first the presence of ER retention signals in CD3γ. Despite the presence of multiple ER retention signals in CD3γ, ɛγ dimers reach the cell surface when the single CD3ɛ ER retention signal is deleted. Furthermore, inclusion of this CD3ɛ mutant promoted plasma membrane expression of incomplete αβγɛ and αβδɛ complexes without CD3ζ. It therefore appears that the CD3ɛ ER retention signal is dominant and that it is only overridden upon the incorporation of CD3ζ. We propose that the stepwise assembly of the TCR complex guarantees that all assembly intermediates have at least one functional ER retention signal and that only a full signaling-competent TCR complex is expressed on the cell surface

An Approach on Integrated Territorial Competitiveness to Ensure Long Term Viability in Rural Areas of Andalusia (Spain)

After more than ten years of rural development programmes in Andalusia, there is ongoing concern about the sustainability of the rural development initiated by the LEADER-PRODER programmes in the hypothetical event that such programmes were no longer in place. In order to be able to express an opinion about this issue, it is important to answer to an entire series of questions about the concept of territorial competitiveness as a guarantee of the long term viability of a rural area. In order to be able to respond to these questions, as part of a wider research project into the transformation of rural areas in Andalusia, the competitive position of 3 territories in the "Campina Alta" (Cordoba), which have been benefiting from rural development programmes for several years, were analysed. This paper presents some of our results relating to territorial competitiveness. The analysis were chiefly qualitative, and was applied to the "case study" abovementioned. The methodology used is based fundamentally on the analysis proposal of territorial competitiveness provided by the European Observatory, supplemented with elements of the methodology proposed by the IICA. The results indicate: 1) one cannot generalise about whether certain factors in isolation are positive or negative for territorial competitiveness, 2) only a comprehensive approach to territorial competitiveness can guarantee the long term viability of a rural area and 3) the risks associated when the viability of the territory is linked to the existence of development programmes, whose presence is not guaranteed for the future.Community/Rural/Urban Development,

Policies, resistances and religious diasporas in a cross cultural perspective: Evangelical Gypsis in Spain and Catholics Indigenous in Mexico

Impulsando la emergencia de nuevos actores políticos, definiendo mediaciones novedodas o resolviéndose como resistencia para preserva la tradición o encarar sus dislocaciones, la innovación religiosa sigue ofreciendo a los científicos sociales un asombroso y constante estallido de fragmentaciones, transformismos, hibidaciones y nuevas cartografías que desdibujan los límites con los que se pensaban las religiones. Este artículo versará sobre dos etnografías situadas en perspectiva. Una de ellas muestra cómo la Teología de la Liberación proporciona a la población indígena espacios en los que plantear nuevos modelos de convivencia, objeto del trabajo que ha venido realizando Pilar Gil en la diócesis de San Cristóbal de Las Casas, Chiapas (México). La segunda se detiene en el análisis de la incipiente construcción política de las organizaciones evangélicas gitanas desdes un abordaje multisituado, así como su expansión en redes europeas y latinoamericanas, investigación de la que se ocupa Manuela Cantón.Driving the emergence of new political actors, defining new mediations or resulting in resistances whose aim is to perserve tradition or to confront their displacement, religious innovation continues to offer social scientists astonishing and constant splitering, transumutations, hybritity and new maps blurring the limits of what is thought about religions. This paper deals with two ethnographies in perspective. One of these shows how Liberation Theology provides the indigenous population a forum in which they can find new models of co-existence. This is the aim of the work carried out by Pilar Gil in the dioceses of San Cristóbal de Las Casas, Chiapas (Mexico). The second focuses on the analysis of the embryonic political construction of the evangelical gypsy organisations from a multicentric approach, as well as its expansion in European and Latin American networks, and is the aim of the research Manuela Cantón has been carrying out for the last years

Políticas, resistencias y diásporas religiosas en perspectiva transcultural: gitanos evangélicos en España e indígenas católicos en México

Driving the emergence of new political actors, defining new mediations or resulting in resistances whose aim is to preserve tradition or confront their displacement, religious innovation continues to offer social scientists astonishing and constant splintering, transmutations, hybridity and new maps blurring the limits of what is thought about religions. This paper deals with two ethnographies in this perspective. One of these shows how Liberation Theology provides the indigenous population a forum in which they can find new models of co-existence. This is the aim of the work carried out by Pilar Gil in the dioceses of San Cristóbal de Las Casas, Chiapas (Mexico). The second focuses on the analysis of the embryonic political construction of the evangelical gypsy organisations from a multicentric approach, as well as its expansion in European and Latin American networks, and is the aim of the research Manuela Cantón has been carrying out for the last few years.Impulsando la emergencia de nuevos actores políticos, definiendo mediaciones novedosas o resolviéndose como resistencias para preservar la tradición o encarar sus dislocaciones, la innovación religiosa sigue ofreciendo a los científicos sociales un asombroso y constante estallido de fragmentaciones, transformismos, hibridaciones y nuevas cartografías que desdibujan los límites con los que se pensaban las religiones. Este artículo versará sobre dos etnografías situadas en perspectiva. Una de ellas muestra cómo la Teología de la Liberación proporciona a la población indígena espacios en los que plantear nuevos modelos de convivencia, objeto del trabajo que ha venido realizando Pilar Gil en la diócesis de San Cristóbal de Las Casas, Chiapas (México). La segunda se detiene en el análisis de la incipiente construcción política de las organizaciones evangélicas gitanas desde un abordaje multisituado, así como su expansión en redes europeas y latinoamericanas, investigación de la que se ocupa Manuela Cantón

Mechanism of Alkyl Migration in Diorganomagnesium 2,6-Bis(imino)pyridine Complexes: Formation of Grignard-Type Complexes with Square-Planar Mg(II) Centers

Dialkylmagnesium compounds [MgR2L2] (R = n-Bu, L = none or R = Bn, L = THF) react with 2,6-bis(imino)pyridines (BIP) to afford different types of Mg(II) alkyl complexes, depending on the nature of R. For R = n-Bu, thermally stable products resulting from selective alkyl transfer to the pyridine nitrogen (N1) atom are obtained. However, NMR studies showed that the reaction of [Mg(Bn)2THF2] with iPrBIP at −65 °C leads to a thermally unstable product arising from benzyl migration to position C2 in the pyridine ring. Above +5 °C, this compound rearranges, cleanly yielding a mixture of two isomeric complexes, in which the benzyl group has migrated to positions C3 or C4 of the central ring, respectively. Similar isomeric mixtures were obtained when [Mg(Bn)2THF2] was reacted with iPrBIP or MesBIP at room temperature. Such mixtures are thermally stable below 80 °C, but at this temperature, the 3-benzyl isomer converts into the thermodynamically favored 4-benzyl product, albeit not quantitatively. An alternate route was devised for the selective syntheses of the latter type of compounds. The X-ray diffraction structure of one of them provided an unusual example of a square-planar alkylmagnesium(II) center.Ministerio de Economía e Innovación CTQ2015-68978-

THAM-2 Test de habilidades metalingüísticas nº 2 (9-14 años)

This book is the manual of a Spanish, validated metalinguistic test targeting children 9-14 years, the THAM-2. It describes in detail the theoretical background, the protocol of the 6 subtests that compose the test, the administration and the coding procedures.To facilitate the assignment of scores, extensive exemplification of possible answers is provided for each item. The final section describes the main psychometric characteristics of the test, provides descriptive values for each score in each subtest at each age level, as well as the T scores