Gorillas’ (Gorilla g. gorilla) knowledge of conspecifics’ affordances: intraspecific social tool use for food acquisition

The use of tools, long thought to be uniquely human, has now been observed in other animal taxa including several species of birds, non-primate mammals as well as some non-human primate species. Chimpanzees, one of humankind’s closest living relatives, exceed all other non-human animal species as they have been reported to use an exceptionally large toolkit. However, relatively little is known about the tool-use skills of the other great ape species. While the majority of tools described are inanimate objects, the use of social tools has received relatively little attention. Here we provide the first evidence of naturally occurring spontaneous exploitative behaviour of a conspecific as a social tool for food acquisition in non-human animals. We observed gorillas in captivity utilising a conspecific as a ladder to gain access to unreachable food. We discuss our findings in the light of other studies on social tool use and suggest the need for more nuanced interpretations of gorillas’ cognitive skills

PENGARUH PENDAPATAN ASLI DAERAH, SISA LEBIH PEMBIAYAAN ANGGARAN, PINJAMAN DAERAH TERHADAP REALISASI BELANJA MODAL SUMATERA SELATAN

This study aims to determine the effect of Original Revenue, Remaining More Budget Financing, Regional Loans on Capital Expenditures Realization in Districts / Cities Se-Province of South Sumatra. This research data is taken during the last three periods between 2014-2016 with the number of samples of 17 regencies and municipalities in South Sumatra Province as many as 48 observations. This research uses the report of realization of APBD of Government / City of South Sumatera Province in 2014-2016. In this research, it is obtained by using purposive sampling method with criterion 1) which preparing Budget Realization Report in the last 3 (three) years, 2) Regency / Municipality which publishes Budget Realization Report which published in last 3 (three) years. This study tested the hypothesis by using multiple linear regression.The result of this research of Original Regional Revenue proved to have a positive effect on the realization of capital expenditure, the remaining budget financing proved to have a positive effect on the realization of capital expenditure, and regional loan was not proven to have a positive effect on capital expenditur

Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Team Quizz Terhadap Hasil Belajar IPS

The purpose of the study was to find out to determine the increase in social studies learning outcomes for grade IV Taba Tengah State Elementary School after the application of the Team Quizz learning model. The research design was in the form of a quasi-experimental category of pre-test and post -test group. The research was conducted at the Taba Tengah State Elementary School with the population being fourth grade students at the Taba Tengah State Elementary School. Sampling was carried out with a saturated sample so that the sample taken was the sampling of the study was carried out by saturated sampling of fourth grade elementary school students at Taba Tengah State Elementary School. Teknol data collection was carried out by a test technique consisting of 25 questions. The collected data was the analyzed using the Z-tes. Based on the results of the research and discussion, it can be coneluded that the social studies learning outcomes in grade IV SD Negeri Taba Tengah increased by 84.61%. Meanwhile, based on the results of the analysis of hypothesis testing, it was obtained that Zcount (8,011)>Ztabel (1,708) thus the proposed hypothesis was acceptes as true, social studies learning outcomes in grade IV SD Negeri Taba Tengah increased after the implementation of the Team Quizz learning model.   Keywords: application, learning outcomexs, Team Quizz

New Predicted Spiral Search Block Matching Algorithm - PSSBMA

This article describes the modification of the full search algorithm ESBMA (Exhaustive Search Block Matching Algorithm), which leads up to 40% speed increase. The modification is based on the ESBMA motion field analysis results. The major modifications to the ESBMA are: - Introduction of sub-optimality by thresholding the matching criterion (MAEthr); - Respecting constraints on motion vectors resulting from "head and shoulder" scenes by changing the position of the search start; - Respecting the dependence of motion vectors (MV) by prediction introduction

KEMAMPUAN REPRESENTASI MATEMATIS PESERTA DIDIK PADA MATERI RELASI DAN FUNGSI DI KELAS VIII B SMP DARUL ULUM SEKAMPUNG

Kemampuan representasi matematis merupakan salah satu kemampuan yang harus dikuasai peserta didik di era digital karena berkaitan dengan kemampuan komunikasi dan pemecahan masalah. Untuk itu dibutuhkan penelitian yang bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan kemampuan representasi peserta didik pada materi relasi dan fungsi pada peserta didik di kelas VIII B di SMP Darul Ulum Sekampung. Jenis penelitian yakni deskriptif, dengan subjek penelitian berjumlah 23 peserta didik kelas VII B. Teknik pengumpulan data dengan tes dan wawancara. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, diketahui bahwa kemampuan representasi matematis peserta didik sudah dalam kategori baik, dimana kemampuan representasi visual dalam kategori baik sedangkan kemampuan representasi verbal masih dalam kategori sedang

Studi Etnomatematika: Eksplorasi Konsep Matematika pada Permainan Tradisional Provinsi Lampung

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengeksplorasi konsep matematia yang terdapat pada permainan tradisional masyarakat Lampung. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksploratif dengan pendekatan etnografi. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan yakni observasi, wawancara dan studi pustaka. Permainan tradisional yang dieksplorasi ialah ketekhan, bedil betung, bedil locok, arul, min sundung khulah, bledukan dan taplak. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa pada permainan tradisional masyarakat Lampung ditemukan konsep-konsep matematika diantaranya konsep bilangan, bangun datar, bangun ruang, peluang, jarak dan kecepatan. Permainan tradisional tidak hanya memberikan kesempatan peserta didik untuk bermain dengan bebas dan gembira, juga dapat dijadikan konteks pembelajaran sebagai jembatan pemahaman mengenai konsep matematik

Opredelitev dveh genov za membranski transport v genomu parazita Plasmodium yoelii

Malaria, an infectious disease caused by parasites from the Plasmodium genus, is one of the leading causes of death and morbidity worldwide and puts almost half of the world population at risk. Due to the emergence and rise of resistance to the insecticides and antimalarial drugs, there is a great need for a vaccine. So far whole sporozoite based immunization has been shown to be the most effective in experimental settings. Genetically attenuated parasites (GAP) have demonstrated significant protection in rodent models of malaria. The ideal GAP would arrest late in the liver stage of the malaria life cycle and provide sterile immunity in the host. However, the route and method of sporozoite administration have not been optimized yet. Intravenous injection (IV) is currently the only effective route of administration, that has been able to induce strong protective immune response. The preferred route is intradermal injection (ID), but several studies have shown that it induces lower immunity compared to IV injection. In order to improve the ID route of administration and determine the suitability of chosen genes as vaccine candidate genes, we aimed to generate mutant parasite lines of two promising membrane transporter genes, mfs6 and ctr2 of P. yoelii. We generated fluorescently tagged and deletion mutants of candidate genes with different biomolecular methods for functional analysis. We also characterized the expression and localization of fluorescently tagged proteins in the blood stage. These lines can be further used to determine expression and localization of tagged genes in the liver stage by infecting hepatocytes in vitro. Deletion mutant parasite lines need to be fully confirmed or further genetically characterized before use for route of administration experiments. Generated transgenic lines can then be used for studying route of administration and generation of GAP vaccine candidates in murine models of malaria.Malarija, nalezljiva bolezen, ki jo povzročajo paraziti rodu Plasmodium, je ena od glavnih vzrokov smrti in obolevnosti po svetu. Ogroža skoraj polovico svetovnega prebivalstva. Zaradi pojava odpornosti proti insekticidom in antimalarijskim zdravilom nujno potrebujemo cepivo. Do sedaj se je za najbolj učinkovito izkazalo poskusno cepljenje s celimi sporozoiti. V mišjih modelih malarije so najboljšo stopnjo zaščite dosegli z genetsko oslabljenimi sporozoiti. Razvoj popolnega genetsko oslabljenega sporozoita bi se ustavil v pozni jetrni stopnji življenjskega kroga parazita in tako sprožil imunski odziv, ki bi zagotovil popolno in trajno zaščito pred okužbo s parazitom malarije. Vseeno pa je za uspešnost samega cepiva potrebno razviti še optimalni način dajanja cepiva. Trenutno je edini preizkušen učinkoviti način vnosa cepiva, ki sproži močan imunski odziv, z intravenozno injekcijo. Vnos z intradermalno injekcijo je bolj zaželjen, vendar pa so testi pokazali, da sproži šibkejši imunski odziv v primerjavi z intravenoznim vnosom. Mutantske parazitske linije mfs6 in ctr2 P. yoelii smo ustvarili zato, da bi izboljšali intradermalni vnos cepiva ter hkrati določili ustreznost izbranih genov kot kandidatnih genov za cepivo proti malariji. S pomočjo različnih biomolekularih metod smo ustvarili parazite s fluorescentno označenima izbranima genoma ter parazite z izbitima genoma. Opredelili smo izražanje in lokalizacijo izbranih genov v krvni stopnji življenjskega kroga parazita. Pridobljene parazitske linije se lahko uporabijo za opredelitev in lokalizacijo označenih genov v jetrni stopnji tako, da se z njimi okuži jetrne celice in vitro. Mutantske linije z izbitimi geni je potrebno najprej potrditi in genetsko opredeliti, preden se jih lahko uporabi v poskusih optimizacije vnosa cepiva. Te transgene parazitske linije se lahko nato uporabi za nadaljnje raziskovanje načina vnosa cepiva, kot tudi za razvoj genetsko oslabljenih parazitov oziroma kandidatnega cepiva v mišjih modelih malarije

Upaya Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Bangun Ruang Menggunakan Media Konkret Pada Siswa Kelas Ix MTs PPKP Ribathul Khail Tenggarong

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui peningkatkan hasil belajar bangun ruang menggunakan media konkret pada siswa kelas IX MTs PPKP Ribathul Khail Tenggarong. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian tindakan kelas dengan model siklus yang berulang dan berkelanjutan. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas IX MTs PPKP Ribathul Khail Tenggarong yang berjumlah 176 siswa terdiri dari 77 siswa perempuan dan 99 siswa laki-laki. Objek dalam penelitian ini adalah hasil belajar materi bangun ruang sederhana. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah tes yang telah divalidasi oleh ahli, observasi sesuai dengan standar isi, dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data dalam penelitian ini adalah dengan analisis kualitatif dan analisis kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa ada peningkatan hasil belajar matematika materi bangun ruang sederhana siswa kelas IX menggunakan media konkret berupa alat peraga bangun ruang. Hal ini dapat dilihat dari adanya peningkatan nilai siswa materi bangun ruang sebelum dan sesudah diberi tindakan.. Hasil akhir diketahui bahwa semua nilai rata-rata siswa dan persentase ketuntasan siswa sudah mencapai KKM, sehingga dari hasil tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa melalui media konkret dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar matematika materi bangun ruang sederhana siswa kelas IX MTs PPKP Ribathul Khail Tenggarong Tahun Ajaran 2020/2021