Evolution And Medicine In Undergraduate Education: A Prescription For All Biology Students

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/91331/1/j.1558-5646.2011.01552.x.pd

An overview of concepts and approaches used in estimating the burden of congenital disorders globally.

Congenital disorders are an important cause of pregnancy loss, premature death and life-long disability. A range of interventions can greatly reduce their burden, but the absence of local epidemiological data on their prevalence and the impact of interventions impede policy and service development in many countries. In an attempt to overcome these deficiencies, we have developed a tool-The Modell Global Database of Congenital Disorders (MGDb) that combines general biological principles and available observational data with demographic data, to generate estimates of the birth prevalence and effects of interventions on mortality and disability due to congenital disorders. MGDb aims to support policy development by generating country, regional and global epidemiological estimates. Here we provide an overview of the concepts and methodological approach used to develop MGDb

Humanizing a technological society: Ethical implications for the counselor

A technological world is a human creation, and, as such, counselors share some responsibility for it. In this article the authors propose that counselors have an ethical obligation to look beyond the client to the environment as part of their assessment process and to develop preventive as well as remedial strategies aimed at mediating environmental effects on the individual. in this article we discuss the relationship between environmental control and ethical responsibility, underscoring the need for comprehensive assessment of client problems, and present two vehicles through which counselors as change agents can use their skills to enhance communication between those who make decisions about technology and those affected by that technology

Oral bioavailability in pigs of a miconazole/Hydroxypropyl-γ-cyclodextrin/ L-tataric acid inclusion complex produced by supercritical carbon dioxide processing

The objective of this study was to determine the pharmacokinetic parameters of miconazole after oral administration of a miconazole/hydroxypropyl-γ-cyclodextrin(HPγCD)/ L-tartaric acid inclusion complex produced by supercritical carbon dioxide processing. The pharmacokinetics of the miconazole ternary complex (CPLX), of the corresponding physical mixture (PHYS), and of miconazole alone (MICO) were compared after oral administration. Six mixed-breed pigs received each formulation as a single dose (10 mg miconazole/kg) in a crossover design. Miconazole plasma concentrations were determined by a high-performance liquid chromatography method. Preliminary in vitro dissolution data showed that CPLX exhibits a faster and higher dissolution rate than either PHYS or MICO. Following CPLX oral administration, mean area under the plasma concentration curve (AUC0−∞) for miconazole was 95.0±55.8 μg/min/mL, with the peak plasma concentration (Cmax 0.59±0.39 μg/mL) at 19.30 minutes. The AUC0−∞ and Cmax values were significantly higher than those after oral administration of PHYS (AUC0−∞ 38.5±12.7 μg/min/mL and Cmax 0.24±0.08 μg/mL;P<.1) and of MICO (AUC0−∞ 24.1±14.0 μg/min/mL and Cmax 0.1±0.05 μg/mL;P<.1). There were also significant differences between PHYS and MICO (P<.1). The results of the study indicate that CPLX shows improved dissolution properties and a higher relative oral bioavailability compared with PHYS and MICO