Les élèves à risque de décrochage scolaire : facteurs discriminants entre décrocheurs et persévérants

Cet article porte sur l'identification des caractéristiques personnelles d'élèves à risque de décrochage scolaire, surtout celles qui permettent de discriminer les décrocheurs des persévérants. Un total de 224 élèves en difficultés graves d'apprentissage ont été rencontrés. Parmi eux, 116 ont abandonné l'école et 108 ont persévéré. L'évaluation comprend des mesures au plan des troubles du comportement intériorisé et extériorisé, la délinquance sociale, les habiletés sociales et le quotient intellectuel. Les résultats indiquent que les élèves persévérants se différencient des décrocheurs par un plus haut niveau d'anxiété, par moins de troubles du comportement et par plus de comportements coopératifs. La combinaison de trois facteurs: troubles du comportement, délinquance sociale et affirmation de soi est associée aux élèves décrocheurs et permet de discriminer les décrocheurs des persévérants.The present study examines the individual characteristics of students at-risk of school dropout which allow for better discrimination between potential drop-outs and non-dropouts. The subjects include 224 students with severe learning disabilities and of that number 116 students have dropped out of school and 108 students have persevered and are still in school. The evaluation includes measurers related to difficulties in externalizing and internalizing behavior, social delinquency, social skills and intelligence. The results indicate the persevering students can be differentiated from the school drop outs by a higher level of anxiety, fewer behavior problems and by a higher level of cooperative skills. The combination of three factors : behavior difficulties, social delinquency and self affirmation are associated with school drop-out and permit the authors to discriminate these students from those who stay in school.El présente articulo trata sobre la identificacion de las caracteristicas personates de alumnos que poseen un riesgo potencial de abandono escolar, principalmente aquellas que permitirfan distinguir estos de los alumnos persévérantes. Durante la investigacion se entrevistaron 224 alumnos que presentaban graves dificultades de aprendizaje, de los cuales 116 abandonaron la escuela y 108 continuaron los cursos. Las caracteristicas elegidas fueron los problemas de comportamiento interiorizado y exteriorizado, la delincuencia social, las habilidades sociales y el cociente intelectual. Los resultados indican que los alumnos que perseveran se diferencian de aquellos que abandonan por su alto nivel de ansiedad, por presentar menos problemas de conducta y por tener comportamientos mas cooperativos. La combinacion de très factores : problemas de conducta, delincuencia social y afirmacion del yo, estàn asociados a los alumnos que abandonan y permite diferenciar estos de aquellos que perseveran.Dieser Artikel will persônliche Merkmale potentieller Schulabbrecher identifizieren, vor allem solche Merkmale, die es erlauben, Abbrecher von Fortsetzern zu unterscheiden. Insgesamt wurden 224 Schiller mit Lernproblemen untersucht. Davon haben 116 die Schule abgebrochen, 108 haben weitergemacht. Die Beurteilung der Schuler enthâlt Mafinahmen in Bezug auf interiorisierte oder exteriorisierte Verhaltensstôrungen, soziale Delinquenz, soziale Fähigkeiten sowie den Intelligenzquotienten. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Fortsetzer sich von den Abbrechern durch ein hohes Mass von Angst unterscheiden, durch weniger Verhaltensstörungen und durch eine starkere Kooperationsbereitschaft. Die Kombination dreier Faktoren: Verhaltensstörungen, soziale Delinquenz und Selbstbehauptung charakterisiert die Abbrecher und erlaubt es, diese von den beharrlichen Schulern zu unterscheiden

Parvovirus 4 in French in-patients: a study of haemodialysis and lung transplant cohorts

International audienceThe epidemiology and the clinical implication of human parvovirus 4 (PARV4) in human populations is still under evaluation. The distribution of PARV4 DNA was determined in cohorts of French haemodialysis and lung transplant patients. Plasma samples (n=289) were tested for PARV4 by real-time PCR assay (ORF2), and amplification products selected at random were sequenced. Analysis of available serological and biological markers was also undertaken. Fifty-seven samples out of 185 (30.8%) were positive for PARV4 DNA in the cohort of haemodialysis patients. A higher prevalence of the virus was identified in individuals with markers of HBV infection. PARV4 was also identified in 14 out of 104 samples (13.5%) from lung transplant recipients, with no clear-cut association with available clinical markers. Point mutations located on the zone of real-time detection were identified for some amplification products. This study describes the detection of PARV4 in the blood of haemodialysis and lung transplanted patients with significant difference in prevalence in these two cohorts. Further studies will be needed in order to understand better both the potential implication in host health and the natural history of this virus

F.A.R.O.G. FORUM, Vol. 3 No. 3

https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/francoamericain_forum/1051/thumbnail.jp

Mutations in STAT3 and IL12RB1 impair the development of human IL-17–producing T cells

The cytokines controlling the development of human interleukin (IL) 17–producing T helper cells in vitro have been difficult to identify. We addressed the question of the development of human IL-17–producing T helper cells in vivo by quantifying the production and secretion of IL-17 by fresh T cells ex vivo, and by T cell blasts expanded in vitro from patients with particular genetic traits affecting transforming growth factor (TGF) β, IL-1, IL-6, or IL-23 responses. Activating mutations in TGFB1, TGFBR1, and TGFBR2 (Camurati-Engelmann disease and Marfan-like syndromes) and loss-of-function mutations in IRAK4 and MYD88 (Mendelian predisposition to pyogenic bacterial infections) had no detectable impact. In contrast, dominant-negative mutations in STAT3 (autosomal-dominant hyperimmunoglobulin E syndrome) and, to a lesser extent, null mutations in IL12B and IL12RB1 (Mendelian susceptibility to mycobacterial diseases) impaired the development of IL-17–producing T cells. These data suggest that IL-12Rβ1– and STAT-3–dependent signals play a key role in the differentiation and/or expansion of human IL-17–producing T cell populations in vivo

Mutations in STAT3 and IL12RB1 impair the development of human IL-17 producing T cells

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The role of organic anion-transporting polypeptides and their common genetic variants in mycophenolic acid pharmacokinetics.

International audienceThe goal of this study was to determine the roles of the organic anion-transporting polypeptides (OATPs) OATP1A2, OATP1B1, and OATP1B3 and their genetic variants in the pharmacokinetics of the immunosuppressive drug mycophenolate mofetil (MMF). Using OATP-transfected human embryonic kidney (HEK) cells, we measured the uptake of mycophenolic acid (MPA) and its glucuronide (MPAG). MPAG, but not MPA, significantly accumulated in cells expressing OATP1B3 or OATP1B1 (P G/699G>A in 70 renal transplant patients receiving combination treatment of MMF with either tacrolimus or sirolimus, but not in 115 patients receiving MMF and cyclosporine. The decrease in dose-normalized (dn) MPA exposure and the concomitant increase in the MPAG/MPA metabolic ratio are consistent with reduced enterohepatic cycling in patients carrying the OATP1B3 334G-699A haplotype. Further studies demonstrated that this variant of OATP1B3 exhibited a reduced maximal velocity (V(max)) in transfected HEK cells, thereby providing functional evidence to support our clinical findings

Thasos

Grandjean Yves, Holtzmann Bernard, Koukouli Haïdo, Martin Roland, Picard Olivier, Garlan Yvon. Thasos. In: Bulletin de correspondance hellénique. Volume 102, livraison 2, 1978. pp. 803-830