Quaternized Cyclodextrin Grafted Chitosan Associated With High Molecular Weight Hyaluronic Acid Nanoparticles For Cosmetics

An excellent moisturizer, hyaluronic acid (HA(, provides biocompatibility and viscoelastic properties that is extensively utilized in cosmetics. High molecular weight HA (HMW-HA, 1.2 MDa( is a typical used form, however its benefits is limited due to its large molecule. In our previous study, the association with quaternized cyclodextrin grafted chitosan (QCD-g-CS( can improve skin penetration and provide positive charge promoting skin adhesion. Thus, the purpose of this study was to produce and characterize HMW-HA associated QCD-g-CS nanoparticles for cosmetic utilization. The HMW-HA nanoparticles (0.01 HA per 1 QCD-g-CS mole ratio( was the best formula with low particles size (348.20 ± 8.67 nm(, narrow polydispersity index (0.083 ± 0.02(and positive zeta potential (16.00 ± 0.36 mV(. The association efficiency and loading efficiency were analyzed by UPLC and shown to be 82.64 ± 0.39% and 20.09 ± 0.57%, respectively. The conjugation between carboxylic moieties of HMW-HA and amide of QCD-g-CS was confirmed by FTIR. The TEM imaging showed the spherical morphology of these nanoparticles. According to cytotoxicity test, these nanoparticles (0.01 to 0.10 mg/ml( were safe in human skin fibroblasts

Co-solvation effect on the binding mode of the α-mangostin/β-cyclodextrin inclusion complex

Cyclodextrins (CDs) have been extensively utilized as host molecules to enhance the solubility, stability and bioavailability of hydrophobic drug molecules through the formation of inclusion complexes. It was previously reported that the use of co-solvents in such studies may result in ternary (host:guest:co-solvent) complex formation. The objective of this work was to investigate the effect of ethanol as a co-solvent on the inclusion complex formation between α-mangostin (α-MGS) and β-CD, using both experimental and theoretical studies. Experimental phase-solubility studies were carried out in order to assess complex formation, with the mechanism of association being probed using a mathematical model. It was found that α-MGS was poorly soluble at low ethanol concentrations (0–10% v/v), but higher concentrations (10–40% v/v) resulted in better α-MGS solubility at all β-CD concentrations studied (0–10 mM). From the equilibrium constant calculation, the inclusion complex is still a binary complex (1:1), even in the presence of ethanol. The results from our theoretical study confirm that the binding mode is binary complex and the presence of ethanol as co-solvent enhances the solubility of α-MGS with some effects on the binding affinity with β-CD, depending on the concentration employed

The Development of Surface-Modified Liposomes as an Intranasal Delivery System for Group A Streptococcus Vaccines

Intranasal vaccine administration can overcome the disadvantages of injectable vaccines and present greater efficiency for mass immunization. However, the development of intranasal vaccines is challenged by poor mucosal immunogenicity of antigens and the limited availability of mucosal adjuvants. Here, we examined a number of self-adjuvanting liposomal systems for intranasal delivery of lipopeptide vaccine against group A Streptococcus (GAS). Among them, two liposome formulations bearing lipidated cell-penetrating peptide KALA and a new lipidated chitosan derivative (oleoyl-quaternized chitosan, OTMC) stimulated high systemic antibody titers in outbred mice. The antibodies were fully functional and were able to kill GAS bacteria. Importantly, OTMC was far more effective at stimulating antibody production than the classical immune-stimulating trimethyl chitosan formulation. In a simple physical mixture, OTMC also enhanced the immune responses of the tested vaccine, without the need for a liposome delivery system. The adjuvanting capacity of OTMC was further confirmed by its ability to stimulate cytokine production by dendritic cells. Thus, we discovered a new immune stimulant with promising properties for mucosal vaccine development