Corpus international écologique de la langue française (CIEL-F) : un corpus pour la recherche comparée sur le français parlé

Cet article présente le travail de constitution du Corpus International Écologique de la Langue Française (CIEL-F) et ses caractéristiques. Conçu pour mettre à disposition des corpus de données interactionnelles récoltées dans des contextes ordinaires, professionnels et institutionnels authentiques, et afin de promouvoir la recherche comparée sur le français parlé, le corpus CIEL-F comporte des enregistrements effectués en Algérie, Antilles françaises, Belgique, Burkina Faso, Cameroun, Canada, Congo, Côte d’Ivoire, Egypte, France, Inde, La Réunion, Maurice, Sénégal, Suisse et Togo. Dans la première partie, l’article présente les défis et les enjeux de ce type de corpus. Dans la deuxième partie, l’article offre un exemple d’exploitation de ces données, en se penchant sur différents usages de là, allant de l’emploi déictique locatif à des emplois qui relèvent davantage de la particule discursive grammaticalisée. L’analyse propose quelques remarques sur la distribution de ces emplois de là dans différentes aires communicatives et des réflexions sur les possibilités ouvertes par une approche comparative au sein du français parlé dans le monde.This paper describes the conception and constitution of the International Ecological Corpus of French (Corpus International Écologique de la Langue Française CIEL-F). This corpus has been gathered and set up in a data bank in order to make available to the scientific community interactional data collected in ordinary, professional and institutional contexts. The aim is to make possible and promote comparative analysis of spoken French. Data were recorded in Algeria, the French Antillean islands, Belgium, Burkina Faso, Cameroun, Canada, Congo, Ivory Cost, Egypt, France, India, La Réunion, Maurice, Senegal, Switzerland and Togo. In the first part of the article, we present the issues and challenges of such a corpus. In the second part of the article, we offer an example of exploitation of the data bank. More particularly, we study some usages of the form là, which can be used as a locative deictic but also in more metaphorical way as well as a fully grammaticalized discourse particle. The analysis shows the way different usages are distributed in various communicative areas and proposes some thoughts about possibilities and limitations of comparative analyses of French as it is talked across the world

Iron and Manganese Containing Multi‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes as Electrocatalysts for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction ‐ Unravelling Influences on Activity and Stability

Hydrogen economy is a central aspect of future energy supply, as hydrogen can be used as energy storage and fuel. In order to make water electrolysis efficient, the limiting oxygen evolution reaction (OER) needs to be optimized. Therefore, C‐based composite materials containing earth‐abundant Fe and Mn were synthesized, characterized and tested in the OER. For pyrolysis temperatures above 700 °C N‐rich multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) are obtained. Inside the tubes Fe3C particles are formed, Fe and Mn oxides are incorporated in the carbon matrix and metal spinel nanoparticles cover the outer surface. The best catalyst prepared at 800 °C achieves a low overpotential of 389 mV (at 10 mA/cm2) and high stability (22.6 h). From electrochemical measurements and characterization it can be concluded that the high activity is mainly provided by MWCNT, Fe3C and the metal oxides in the conductive carbon matrix. The metal spinel nanoparticles in contrast protect the MWCNT from oxidation and thereby contribute to the high stability.BMBF, 03SF0508, Clusterprojekt "MANGAN"; Teilprojekt: Entwicklung neuartiger Mangankomplexe zur elektrokatalytischen Generierung von Sauerstoff und Wasserstoff aus Wasse

In-depth analysis of T cell immunity and antibody responses in heterologous prime-boost-boost vaccine regimens against SARS-CoV-2 and Omicron variant.

With the emergence of novel Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) Variants of Concern (VOCs), vaccination studies that elucidate the efficiency and effectiveness of a vaccination campaign are critical to assess the durability and the protective immunity provided by vaccines. SARS-CoV-2 vaccines have been found to induce robust humoral and cell-mediated immunity in individuals vaccinated with homologous vaccination regimens. Recent studies also suggest improved immune response against SARS-CoV-2 when heterologous vaccination strategies are employed. Yet, few data exist on the extent to which heterologous prime-boost-boost vaccinations with two different vaccine platforms have an impact on the T cell-mediated immune responses with a special emphasis on the currently dominantly circulating Omicron strain. In this study, we collected serum and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 57 study participants of median 35-year old's working in the health care field, who have received different vaccination regimens. Neutralization assays revealed robust but decreased neutralization of Omicron VOC, including BA.1 and BA.4/5, compared to WT SARS-CoV-2 in all vaccine groups and increased WT SARS-CoV-2 binding and neutralizing antibodies titers in homologous mRNA prime-boost-boost study participants. By investigating cytokine production, we found that homologous and heterologous prime-boost-boost-vaccination induces a robust cytokine response of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Collectively, our results indicate robust humoral and T cell mediated immunity against Omicron in homologous and heterologous prime-boost-boost vaccinated study participants, which might serve as a guide for policy decisions

MPI-Ding reference glasses for in situ microanalysis: New reference values for element concentrations and isotope ratios

We present new analytical data of major and trace elements for the geological MPI-DING glasses KL2-G, ML3B-G, StHs6/80-G, GOR128-G, GOR132-G, BM90/21-G, T1-G, and ATHO-G. Different analytical methods were used to obtain a large spectrum of major and trace element data, in particular, EPMA, SIMS, LA-ICPMS, and isotope dilution by TIMS and ICPMS. Altogether, more than 60 qualified geochemical laboratories worldwide contributed to the analyses, allowing us to present new reference and information values and their uncertainties (at 95% confidence level) for up to 74 elements. We complied with the recommendations for the certification of geological reference materials by the International Association of Geoanalysts (IAG). The reference values were derived from the results of 16 independent techniques, including definitive (isotope dilution) and comparative bulk (e.g., INAA, ICPMS, SSMS) and microanalytical (e.g., LA-ICPMS, SIMS, EPMA) methods. Agreement between two or more independent methods and the use of definitive methods provided traceability to the fullest extent possible. We also present new and recently published data for the isotopic compositions of H, B, Li, O, Ca, Sr, Nd, Hf, and Pb. The results were mainly obtained by high-precision bulk techniques, such as TIMS and MC-ICPMS. In addition, LA-ICPMS and SIMS isotope data of B, Li, and Pb are presented

Fragmentierung und Sinnstiftung in Erinnerungserzählungen. Spannungsfelder und Übergänge zwischen Paradigmatisierung und Syntagmatisierung

Cet article entreprend une étude comparative de récits mémoriels oraux et écrits et soutient qu’une caractéristique importante des récits mémoriels est la fragmentation du texte. Cette fragmentation ne conduit cependant pas à une perte du sens, mais contribue de manière spécifique à sa production. Selon notre thèse, la caractéristique des récits mémoriels peut être décrite comme une relation spécifique entre les niveaux syntagmatique et paradigmatique, qui consiste dans le fait qu’à la logique narrative basale, qui est syntagmatique, se superpose une logique paradigmatique d’accumulation de descriptions, de digressions, d’images mémorielles, etc. Nous analysons cette logique à travers trois procédures ou caractéristiques typiques des récits mémoriels : (1) la reconstruction de qualités perceptives et sensorielles ; (2) la technique des insertions multiples ; (3) le fait de passer sous silence ce qui est difficile à dire

Evidencialidad en los tiempos verbales de pasado en el español andino ecuatoriano

Based on a sample of linguistic and metalinguistic interviews both in Ecuador and in Spain, the article presents an in-depth study of a contact induced change in Andean Spanish. Bilingual speakers of Quechua and Spanish are found to assume that Spanish should display a formal opposition of evidentiality vs. non-evidentiality, obligatory in Quechua. In a long term process labeled as indirect contact induced change, both the simple past and the present perfect tense forms are re-categorized as evidentiality vs. non-evidentiality. A fine grained analysis of various paths of grammaticalization in different varieties of Spanish reveal the Spanish tense forms as well motivated candidates for this kind of re-functionalization. The affinity speakers perceive between the chosen tense forms and the two forms of evidentiality is shown to be triggered by the existing vs. missing link of the tense-form with the moment of speech.A partir de una muestra de entrevistas lingüísticas y metalingüísticas de hablantes de la sierra ecuatoriana, tanto en Ecuador como en España (migrantes residentes en Madrid), el artículo presenta un estudio en profundidad de un cambio inducido por contacto en español andino. Los bilingües de quechua y español asumen que el español debería mostrar una oposición formal de evidencialidad frente a no evidencialidad, obligatoria en quechua. En un proceso a largo plazo etiquetado como cambio indirecto inducido por contacto, las formas de pretérito simple y compuesto son recategorizadas como evidencialidad vs. no evidencialidad. Un análisis sistemático detallado de las diversas vías de gramaticalización en diferentes variedades de español revela que ciertas formas de pretérito del español son candidatos especialmente motivados para este tipo de refuncionalización. Los hablantes perciben similitudes entre las formas escogidas del español y los tipos de evidencialidad del quechua y esto es desencadenado por la relación que tienen las formas de pasado con el momento de la enunciación

El español de América entre oralidad y escritura, cultura letrada y cultura popular

No es fácil ofrecer en pocas páginas una aproximación a una problemática de esta envergadura en el marco de un volumen dedicado al estudio del español de América. Diremos, entonces, para comenzar, que en primer lugar no conviene identificar ni yuxtaponer, el plano de la oralidad al de la cultura popular, y el de la escritura al de la escrita. Pero esto no significa tampoco que su identificación, por parcial o falaz que sea, no haya sido o siga siendo efectiva. De hecho, es un principio de las ideologías lingüísticas más difundidas de la Modernidad el de concebir la oralidad como el ámbito natural de “lo popular” (reservorio de la tradición y margen execrable a un tiempo) y la escritura como el propio de la “alta” cultura. El poder de disponer la norma y dominar los dispositivos técnicos para la producción y circulación de la letra escrita es de hecho una de las características de las élites dominantes en la historia de esta división en las culturas europeas y sus zonas de influencia, y probablemente la doble cesura que se comienza a abrir en el final del siglo XV con la expansión ultramarina del dominio político europeo y la aparición de la imprenta hayan signado decisivamente el modo de configurarse el mapa sociolingüístico de América, y más aún si se lo piensa como mapa sociolingüístico del español americano.Fil: Ennis, Juan Antonio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones en Humanidades y Ciencias Sociales. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación. Instituto de Investigaciones en Humanidades y Ciencias Sociales; ArgentinaFil: Pfänder, Stefan. Albert-ludwigs-universitaet Freiburg; Alemani

El español de América entre oralidad y escritura, cultura letrada y cultura popular

Fil: Ennis, Juan Antonio. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación. Instituto de Investigaciones en Humanidades y Ciencias Sociales (UNLP-CONICET); Argentina