Restauratorsko-konzervatorske intervencije na dvorcu Vitturi u Kaštel Lukšiću

Renesansna, gospodarsko-fortifikaciona stambena arhitektura, podizana unutar kaštelanskog područja u razdoblju turskih osvajanja, od kraja 15. do kraja 16. stoljeća, predstavlja svojom kvalitetom bitan i nezaobilazan dio cjelokupne hrvatske graditeljske baštine, kao i u širem kontekstu europske arhitekture na istočnoj obali Jadrana. Kaštelanski kašteli prihvaćanjem novog stila koji se izražava u prostornoj i urbanističkoj organizaciji, a koji je proizašao iz specifičnih uvjeta, konfiguracije terena, utjecaja Venecije na Dalmaciju tog doba i osvajanjem Osmanlijskog carstva, predstavljaju zasebnu, izuzetnu cjelinu. Među raznolikim rješenjima kula, palača i kuća, ističe se ljepotom i veličinom reprezentativni kaštel Vitturi u Kaštel Lukšiću. Podigli su ga trogirski plemići braća Jerolim i Nikola Vitturi krajem 15. stoljeća. Raščlambom i tlocrtnom artikulacijom dvorac slijedi uzore talijanskih kaštela i ranijih kaštelanskih, prilagođavajući se zatečenim uvjetima za gradnju. Rukovodeći se funkcionalnošću nije zapostavljena estetika i jednostavnost renesansne forme. Dinamika izgradnje dešavala se u fazama, a vanjsko i unutarnje oblikovanje se prilagođavalo povijesnim i stilskim uvjetima, o čemu je napravila studiju Katja Marasović, obradivši to i u svojoj doktorskoj disertaciji. Kaštel se sastoji od južne građevine na obali mora i dvorišta okruženog krilima i dvije kule na sjeveru. Godine 1990. pokrenut je projekt njegova uređenja. Odlučeno je da se dvorcu vrati izgled koji je imao oko 1700 prije nego što je počeo propadati. Do 2001. godine obnovljene su drvene međukatne konstrukcije, kamena plastika, obrambeni jarak, breteš , mostovi, učvršćeni temelji, krovište, unutrašnjost, kao i kompletna infrastruktura. Ljepota ovog kamenog dvorca temeljenog u moru, kao i ljupkost naselja oko njega, priziva pomisao o otvorenom ili eko muzeju koji bi se mogao osmisliti na području Kaštel Lukšića. (Iz Zaključka.

Restauratorsko-konzervatorske intervencije na dvorcu Vitturi u Kaštel Lukšiću

Renesansna, gospodarsko-fortifikaciona stambena arhitektura, podizana unutar kaštelanskog područja u razdoblju turskih osvajanja, od kraja 15. do kraja 16. stoljeća, predstavlja svojom kvalitetom bitan i nezaobilazan dio cjelokupne hrvatske graditeljske baštine, kao i u širem kontekstu europske arhitekture na istočnoj obali Jadrana. Kaštelanski kašteli prihvaćanjem novog stila koji se izražava u prostornoj i urbanističkoj organizaciji, a koji je proizašao iz specifičnih uvjeta, konfiguracije terena, utjecaja Venecije na Dalmaciju tog doba i osvajanjem Osmanlijskog carstva, predstavljaju zasebnu, izuzetnu cjelinu. Među raznolikim rješenjima kula, palača i kuća, ističe se ljepotom i veličinom reprezentativni kaštel Vitturi u Kaštel Lukšiću. Podigli su ga trogirski plemići braća Jerolim i Nikola Vitturi krajem 15. stoljeća. Raščlambom i tlocrtnom artikulacijom dvorac slijedi uzore talijanskih kaštela i ranijih kaštelanskih, prilagođavajući se zatečenim uvjetima za gradnju. Rukovodeći se funkcionalnošću nije zapostavljena estetika i jednostavnost renesansne forme. Dinamika izgradnje dešavala se u fazama, a vanjsko i unutarnje oblikovanje se prilagođavalo povijesnim i stilskim uvjetima, o čemu je napravila studiju Katja Marasović, obradivši to i u svojoj doktorskoj disertaciji. Kaštel se sastoji od južne građevine na obali mora i dvorišta okruženog krilima i dvije kule na sjeveru. Godine 1990. pokrenut je projekt njegova uređenja. Odlučeno je da se dvorcu vrati izgled koji je imao oko 1700 prije nego što je počeo propadati. Do 2001. godine obnovljene su drvene međukatne konstrukcije, kamena plastika, obrambeni jarak, breteš , mostovi, učvršćeni temelji, krovište, unutrašnjost, kao i kompletna infrastruktura. Ljepota ovog kamenog dvorca temeljenog u moru, kao i ljupkost naselja oko njega, priziva pomisao o otvorenom ili eko muzeju koji bi se mogao osmisliti na području Kaštel Lukšića. (Iz Zaključka.

Significance of karyotyping in isolated fetal anomaly detected by ultrasound

Fetusi sa patološkim kariotipom obično imaju specifične, multiple ultrazvučne markere (major anomalije i "soft" markere), koji predstavljaju markere hromozomopatija, zbog čega su u žiži interesovanja u ultrasonografiji. Kariotipizacija, “zlatni standard” u analizi fetalnih hromozoma, izvodi se nakon uzimanja uzoraka invazivnim procedurama koje nose rizik od pobačaja od 1,5%. Dilema nastaje u proceni potrebe za kariotipizacijom kod fetusa sa izolovanim ultrazvučnim markerom (major anomalijom i "soft" markerom), uzimajući u obzir rizik koji nose invazivne procedure. Kariotipizacijom nije moguće detektovati promene na hromozomima manje od 4Mb. ArrayCGH je molekularno-citogenetička metoda kojom se analiziraju varijacije u broju ponovaka (copy number variations - CNVs) u genomu. Ovom metodom moguće je otkriti promene u broju ponovaka u sekvenci DNK na nivou od 5-10kb, čime je omogućena identifikacija mikrodelecija i mikroduplikacija kod fetusa sa defektima uzrokovanim hromozomskim aberacijama. Cilj Ova studija ima za cilj analizu učestalosti hromozomskih aberacija fetusa u odnosu na tip izolovanog ultrazvučnog markera (major anomalija ili "soft" marker) i zahvaćenost organskog ili tkivnog sistema. Zatim, utvrđivanje i komparaciju empirijskog rizika za nalaz hromozomske aberacije i rizika od komplikacija nakon intervencije (invazivnog uzimanja uzorka za kariotipizaciju) u slučajevima detekcije izolovane fetalne anomalije ili izolovanog "soft" markera. Takođe, i komparaciju efikasnosti citogenetičkih metoda (kariotipizacija vs tehnika hromozomskih mikronizova) na primeru pet izolovanih anomalija centralnog nervnog sistema fetusa (umerena ventrikulomegalija). Metod Istraživanje je sprovedeno je u dve etape. Prvi deo istraživanja predstavlja studiju preseka u koju je uključeno 3000 analiza kariotipa fetusa sa povišenim rizikom za hromozomopatije, obavljenih u periodu od 16 godina. Pretraživanjem baze podataka citogenetičke laboratorije dobijeni su podaci o nalazima ultrazvučnih pregleda fetusa, rezultatima analize hromozoma, kao i ishodu trudnoća nakon uzimanja uzoraka. Svi ultrazvučni nalazi dobijeni su tokom rutinskog ultrazvučnog skrininga fetalnih anomalija, a pre invazivne dijagnostike hromozomskih aberacija. U drugom delu istraživanja, kod pet fetusa sa umerenom ventrikulomegalijom i normalnim kariotipom, obavili smo dodatnu analizu hromozoma arrayCGH metodom...Fetuses with an abnormal karyotype are in the focus of interest in ultrasonography because they are usually characterized by specific, multiple markers (major anomalies and "soft" markers) recognized as sonographic markers of chromosomopathies. Karyotyping, "the gold standard" in fetal chromosome analysis, is performed after invasive sample obtaining procedures associated with 1,5% risk of miscarriage. The dilemma is if karyotyping should be performed when an isolated fetal anomaly is detected, taking into account sampling procedure risk. Karyotyping is not able to detect chromosomal changes smaller than 4Mb. AraayCGH is a molecular cytogenetic method that analyzes a copy number variations (CNVs) in the genome. Copy number changes at a level of 5–10kb of DNA sequences can be detected, allowing additional identification of microdeletions and microduplications in anomalous fetuses. Aim The aim of the study is to determine the frequency of chromosome aberrations in fetuses according to the type of isolated sonographic marker (major anomaly or "soft" marker) and organ system involved. The additional aim is to estimate and compare the risk of chromosomal aberrations and the risk of miscarriage after invasive sampling procedures in fetuses with an isolated anomaly or isolated "soft" marker. The secondary goal is to examine the efficiency of cytogenetic methods (karyotyping vs. arrayCGH) in five fetuses with isolated central nervous system anomaly (moderate ventriculomegaly). Method The study includes two separate study lines. The first investigation presents cross-sectional study comprising 3000 karyotype analysis of fetuses with an increased risk for chromosomal aberrations, during 16 years period. Fetal ultrasound findings, chromosome analysis results, as well as post invasive interventions pregnancy outcomes, were obtained from the cytogenetic laboratory database. All ultrasonographic data were collected after routine screening for fetal anomalies, and before invasive diagnostic procedures for chromosomal abnormalities detection. During the second part of the investigation, we performed additional arrayCGH analysis for five fetuses with isolated mild ventriculomegaly and normal karyotype..

El impacto del boom latinoamericano en los escritores serbios

In this work we want to show the strong links between Spanish-American and Serbian writers, through the books translated from Spanish and works written in Serbian. Assuming that each writer is above all a good reader, and considering the importance of translation for literature in general, we have investigated the influence of Borges, Cortázar, Fuentes, García Márquez and Vargas Llosa on Serbian writers since the 1950s until today. Through authentic testimonies - interviews made for this research - and the reviews and analysis of books and particular texts influenced by the authors of the boom, we will present a creative variety and authentic literary creation of a small country with many translations and dedicated writers, and show that the great impact of Spanish-American literature in Serbia began half a century ago and never ceased

Los reflejos de la dictadura en la obra literaria de Zoé Valdés

Resumen: Uno de los campos donde los reflejos de la dictadura se pueden observar de la manera más vívida y palpable es el campo de la literatura, que a veces representa un testimonio todavía más evidente que la historia. Una de las escritoras más comprometidas de nuestros tiempos, la cubana residente en Francia, Zoé Valdés, sería el objeto de nuestra investigación dedicada sobre todo a la influencia y la presencia de la dictadura y la prohibición en la personalidad literaria y la obra de la autora hispanoamericana en sus años cubanos y franceses. Examinaremos la narrativa de Zoé Valdés dentro de sus novelas y los libros, estudios y artículos científicos que abarcan su obra. Nos concentraremos en su relación literaria y personal conflictiva con su isla nativa, a través de la mezcla de su adoración a Cuba con las críticas más duras al gobierno castrista. Considerando varias novelas de Zoé Valdés (La nada cotidiana, El todo cotidiano, La cazadora de astros, La mujer que llora y La Habana, mon amour) y nuestra comunicación personal con la autora, intentaremos mostrar que su literatura, además de ser ficción, es también un testimonio personal de la dictadura, un homenaje a la libertad y un recurso resucitador y terapéutico en el insilio y en el exilio de la autora, durante ese proceso largo, complejo y difícil tanto de Cuba como de toda América Latina. Palabras clave: Zoé Valdés, literatura hispanoamericana, narración cubana, dictadura, transición Abstract: One of the areas where the reflections of the dictatorship can be seen in the most vivid and palpable way is the field of literature, which sometimes is even more evident witness than the history itself. One of the most politically active writers of our time, a Cuban resident in France, Zoe Valdes, was the object of our research dedicated mainly to the influence and presence of the dictatorship and the ban in the literary personality and work of the Hispanic American author, within her Cuban and French years. We explored the narrative of Zoe Valdes in her novels and books, academic articles and studies covering her work, being concentrated on her literary, personal and conflict relationship with her native island, through her worship of Cuba and the toughest criticism of the Castro’s government. Considering several novels of Zoe Valdes (La nada cotidiana, El todo cotidiano, La cazadora de astros, La mujer que llora y La Habana, mon amour)) and our personal communication with the author, we have tried to show that her literature, besides being fiction, it is also a personal testimony of a dictatorship, a tribute to freedom and a resuscitator and therapeutic resource in the insile and exile of the author, during this complex and difficult long process, both in Cuba and throughout Latin America

La reescritura de los mitos en las novelas Acerca de roderer y La mujer del maestro de Guillermo Martínez

This article investigates the presence of myths in the first two novels by Argentine writer and mathematician Guillermo Martínez. Regarding Roderer is a story about the process of maturity and maladjustment to life, impregnated with universal signs and questions, with the elements of the Faustian myth in the stage of contemporary human knowledge, present at various levels of the text: exploring the limits of human knowledge, Martinez makes the narrator reject the pact with the Devil, but it takes away his life. His second novel, The Woman of the Master, deals with the myth of Prometheus inside the story, referring to such disparate themes as talent and betrayal, generosity and envy, desire and vanity, always putting the focus on literature. Therefore, our research is based not only on the aforementioned novels but also on the author’s own reflections on literature -from his first book of essays, The Formula of Immortality, until the last published, Literary Reason-, and also in the opinions of the writer expressed in the interviews we did with him on three occasions. Our goal is to show that Guillermo Martínez writes about universal themes with a new tension, proving that Faust and Prometheus are two sides of the same myth, which is still actual.Este artículo investiga la presencia de los mitos en las dos primeras novelas del escritor y matemático argentino Guillermo Martínez. Acerca de Roderer es una historia sobre el proceso de madurez e inadaptación a la vida, impregnada de signos y preguntas universales, con los elementos del mito fáustico en el estadio del conocimiento humano contemporáneo, presentes en varios niveles del texto: explorando los límites del conocimiento humano, Martínez hace al narrador rechazar el pacto con el Diablo, pero le quita la vida. Su segunda novela, La mujer del maestro, trata el mito de Prometeo dentro de la historia, refiriéndose a los temas tan dispares como talento y traición, generosidad y envidia, deseo y vanidad, siempre poniendo el enfoque en la literatura. Por consiguiente, nuestra investigación está basada no solo en las mencionadas novelas sino también en las reflexiones del propio autor sobre literatura –desde su primer libro de ensayos La fórmula de la inmortalidad hasta el último publicado, La razón literaria–, y asimismo en las opiniones del escritor expresadas en las entrevistas que le hicimos en tres ocasiones. Nuestro objetivo es mostrar que Guillermo Martínez escribe sobre los temas universales con una nueva tensión, comprobando que Fausto y Prometeo son dos caras de un mismo mito, que sigue actual

Los Balcanes en la obra y el pensamiento de Carlos Fuentes

This article investigates the multiple relationships, opinions and inspirations of Carlos Fuentes regarding the Balkans. From his first books until the end of his life, the Mexican writer showed a deep interest in the turbulent history and powerful cultural heritage of the countries of Eastern Europe. The objective of this work is to show the influence of different Balkan themes in the Mexican writer’s thought: historical (the turbulent 20th century began in the Balkans with the attack in Sarajevo in 1914, and it finished with the bombing of Serbia in 1999). Political: Latin America suffered a balkanized and fractured policy, but it did not lose its own national unity nor its shared Ibero-American fraternity. And artistic: the Palace of Diocletian in Spalato/ Split is present in three books of Carlos Fuentes, and the Romanian Count Dracula constitutes the axis of the Fuentesian interest in the subject of vampires). Besides, we have also examined his critical attitude towards various events, people and monuments of that part of the world. Our research covers a dozen books by Carlos Fuentes: Cumpleaños, La nueva novela hispanoamericana, Terra Nostra, La campaña, En esto creo, Vlad, Todas las familias felices, El espejo enterrado etc., from various moments of his literary career.Este artículo investiga las múltiples relaciones, opiniones e inspiraciones de Carlos Fuentes en lo que respecta a los Balcanes. Desde sus primeros libros hasta el final de su vida, el escritor mexicano mostró un profundo interés en la turbulenta historia y potente herencia cultural de los países de Europa del Este y Sudeste. El objetivo de este trabajo es mostrar la influencia de diversos temas balcánicos en el pensamiento del escritor mexicano: históricos (en los Balcanes se inició y terminó el turbulento siglo XX, con el atentado en Sarajevo en 1914 y el bombardeo de Serbia en 1999). Políticos: América Latina sufría una política balcanizada y fracturada, pero no perdió su unidad nacional propia ni su fraternidad iberoamericana compartida. Y artísticos: el Palacio de Diocleciano, en Spalato/ Split, está presente en tres novelas de Carlos Fuentes y el conde Drácula rumano constituye el eje del interés fuentesiano en el tema de los vampiros), examinando su actitud crítica hacia varios acontecimientos, personas y monumentos de esa parte del mundo. Nuestra investigación abarca una decena de libros de Carlos Fuentes: Cumpleaños, La nueva novela hispanoamericana, Terra Nostra, La campaña, En esto creo, Vlad, Todas las familias felices, El espejo enterrado etc., de varias épocas de su carrera literaria

Prenatal androgenization of female rats with testosterone undecanoate: cognitive, electroencephalographic i metabolic changes

Razvoj ljudskog mozga podrazumeva visoko orkestriranu sekvencu događaja, koja je strogo kontrolisana kompleksnim odnosom različitih ćelijskih tipova kako u vremenu, tako i u prostoru. Započinje tokom embrionalnog perioda i do detinjstva prolazi kroz više kritičnih faza. Efekti uticaja gonadalnih hormona tokom moždanog razvoja oslikavaju se permanentnim strukturnim razlikama među polovima, a poremećaj fine homeostaze može uzrokovati pojavu psihijatrijskih i neuroloških poremećaja u odraslom dobu. Visok nivo androgena tokom gestacije (porekla majke ili fetusa), predstavlja prenatalni milje koji indukuje kardiovaskularne, metaboličke i druge bolesti u odraslom dobu. Prenatalno „programiranje“ ili modulacija prenatalnih uslova tokom „kritičnog perioda“ razvoja je preduslov za različite morfo-funkcionalne promene organskih sistema, posebno CNSa. Žene sa sindromom policističnih jajnika (PCOS) pokazuju visok nivo cirkulatornih androgena i tokom trudnoće. Egzogenom androgenizacijom ženki pacova u različitim periodima gestacije razvijeni su modeli policističnih jajnika kod potomaka. Mala težina na rođenju, povećanje telesne težine u adolescentnom periodu, povećanje visceralnog i subkutanog masnog tkiva, poremećen lipidni profil, insulinska rezistencija, poremećaj estrusnog ciklusa, predstavljaju najprominentnije morfološke i metaboličke karakteristike PCOS poremećaja. Razumevanje efekata prenatalne hiperandrogenemije veoma je važno jer predstavlja jednu od najpriminentnijih karakteristika PCOSa, čija je prevalenca kod žena reproduktivnog doba oko ∼15%. Cilj ove doktorske disertacije bio je da se ispita uticaj kasne prenatalne androgenizacije testosteron undekanoatom na: antropometrijske karakteristike, karakteristike reproduktivnog fenotipa, metabličke karakteristike, i parametre oksidativnog stresa; ponašanje i bolnu osetljivost; bihejvioralne i EEG karakteristike epilepsija izazvanih DL homocistein tiolaktonom i zastupljenost pojedinih ćelija i moždanog neurotrofnog faktora u korteksu i hipokampusu kod adultnih ženskih potomaka. U eksperimentu su korišćene ženke Wistar albino pacova. U cilju ispitivanja efekata prenatalne androgenizacije 20. dana gestacije eksperimentalnoj grupi gravidnih ženki je subkutno administriran komercijalni depo preparat testosteron undekanoata (100mg/kg, s.c.), dok je kontrolnoj grupi majki s.c. administrirano ricinusovo ulje. Drugog postnatalnog dana prebrojan je broj potomaka oba legla, a 21. postnatalnog dana izdvojeni su samo ženski potomci eksperimentalne i kontrolne grupe koji su ušli u dalji tok eksperimenta. U daljem toku eksperimenta, merena je telesna masa i unos hrane a u cilju određivanja karakteristika reproduktivnog fenotipa utvrđeno je: vreme vaginalnog otvaranja, anogenitalna distanca, i karakteristike estrusnog ciklusa. Histomorfološka analiza jajnika izvršena je na preparatima obojenim hematoksilin-eozinom. U cilju određivanja metaboličkih parametara u periodu od 60.-70. dana starosti izmerene su koncentracije glikoze i triglicerida, izveden je intraperitonealni test tolerancije na glikozu i izmerene su koncentracije testosterona, estradiola, progesterona i kortikosterona u serumima pomoću komercijalnih ELISA eseja. Parametri oksidativnog stresa određeni su u korteksu i hipokampusu metodom spektrofotometrije. Za procenu anksioznog ponašanja korišćeni su test uzdignutog krstastog lavirinta i otvoreno polje, dok je bolna osetljivosti ispitivana pomoću električnog von Frey esteziometra. U cilju analize konvulzivnog ponašanja životinjama je 75-85. dana starosti, administriran D,L-homocistein tiolakton (5,5 mmol/kg, i.p.) i posmatrani su incidneca, latenca, broj i intenzitet konvulzivnih napada...Human brain development involves a highly orchestrated sequence of events, which is strictly controlled by complex interference between different cell types, which is time and region specific. It begins during the embryonic period and goes through several critical stages until childhood. The effects of gonadal hormones during brain development are reflected by permanent structural differences between the sexes, and disruption of fine homeostasis can cause the genesis of psychiatric and neurological disorders in adulthood. High levels of androgens during gestation (maternal or fetal origin), forms prenatal condition which can induce cardiovascular, metabolic and other diseases in adulthood. Prenatal "programming" or modulation of prenatal conditions during the "critical periods" of development is a prerequisite for various morpho-functional changes in organ systems. Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) have high levels of circulatory androgens during pregnancy. By exogenous androgenization of female rats in different gestational periods model of polycystic ovaries have been developed in the offspring. Low birth weight, weight gain in adolescence, increase in visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue, impaired lipid profile, insulin resistance, estrous cycle disorder, represent the most prominent morphological and metabolic characteristics of the PCOS disorder. Understanding the effects of prenatal hyperandrogenemia is very important as it represents one of the most prominent features of PCOS, with a prevalence of about ∼15% in women of reproductive age. The aims of this dissertation were to examine the effects of late prenatal androgenization with testosterone undecanoate on: anthropometric characteristics, reproductive phenotype characteristics, ovarian structure, metabolic characteristics, serum steroid hormone concentration, oxidative stress parameters; anxiety-like behavior, pain sensitivity, behavioral and EEG characteristics of epilepsies induced by DL homocysteine thiolactone; expression of markers of neuro, gliagenesis and inhibitory interneurons, in adult female offspring Female Wistar albino rats were used in the experiment. In order to examine the effects of prenatal androgenization on the 20th day of gestation, depot preparation of testosterone undecanoate (100mg / kg) was administered subcutaneously to the experimental group of pregnant females, while control group of mothers was administered castor oil (s.c.). On the second postnatal day, the number of offspring of both litters was counted, and on the 21st postnatal day only female offspring of the experimental and control group entered the further course of the experiment. Through the time of the experiment, body weight and food intake were measured and in order to determine the characteristics of the reproductive phenotype, the time of vaginal opening, anogenital distance, and the characteristics of the estrous cycle were determined. Ovarian histomorphological analysis was performed on haematoxylin-eosin stained preparations. In order to determine metabolic parameters, glucose and triglyceride concentrations were measured, an intraperitoneal glycose tolerance test was performed in the period from 60-70. days of age. Testosterone, estradiol, progesterone, and corticosterone concentrations in sera were measured using commercial ELISA assays. Oxidative stress parameters were determined in the cortex and hippocampus by spectrophotometry. An elevated plus maze test and open field were used to evaluate anxiety-like behavior, while pain sensitivity was examined using an electric von Frey estesiometer. In order to analyze convulsive behavior of animalsD, L-homocysteine thiolactone (5.5 mmol / kg, i.p.) was administered in 75-85. days old female offspring and incidence, latency, number and intensity of seizures were observed..

the wargames of Roberto Bolaño

In this paper we have investigated the presence of the World War II, the deformations of Nazism and the war strategy as obsessive themes of Roberto Bolaño from the beginning of his literary career to the novels published after his death. Focusing on his literary games and analyzing Nazi Literature in America (1996) and The Third Reich (started in the eighties under the title The Mediterranean Strategy but published in 2010, seven years after the death of the author), referring to the articles written by Roberto Bolaño and about him, as well as to the interviews and other available evidences, we have tried to show the impact of war both in his literary vigor as in his private life, and to identify war games as a metaphor for the literature and life of the Chilean writer, fond of wargames and owner of a large collection of them