Traditional architecture of the Srijem area – protection and preservation in contemporary context

U radu se predstavlja tradicijska arhitektura Srijema, najistočnije hrvatske regije, na primjeru ukupno pet naselja: Ilok, Bapska, Šarengrad, Mohovo i Tovarnik. Kroz pregled razvoja naselja te oblika stambene arhitekture i gospodarskih zgrada ustanovljuju se tradicijske značajke arhitekture ovog područja. Suvremeno stanje prikazano je kroz izvještaj s terena te ukazivanjem na izmjene i odstupanja od tradicijskih karakteristika koje se događaju uslijed društvenih i gospodarskih promjena. Raspravlja se o problematici velikog broja napuštenih kuća, prilagodbi tradicijske arhitekture modernim standardima stanovanja te njene prenamijene u turističke svrhe kroz konkretan primjer ugostiteljskog objekta. Cilj diplomskog rada bio je potaknuti svijest o važnosti zaštite ovog dijela kulturne baštine i afirmacija Srijema kao regije na rubu znanstvenih zanimanja.This thesis presents the traditional architecture of Srijem, the region of east Croatia, on the example of villages Bapska, Šarengrad, Mohovo, Tovarnik and the city of Ilok. The traditional features of the architecture of this area are shown through the survey of the development of settlements and of the forms of residential and other buildings. The current situation is presented through a field report and by pointing to changes and deviations from the traditional characteristics that occur due to social and economic changes. The issue of a large number of abandoned houses, the adaptation of traditional architecture to modern standards of living and its transformation into tourism purposes are discussed. The aim of this thesis was to raise awareness of the importance of protecting this part of the cultural heritage and affirming Srijem area as a region in scientific researches

In Other Words: Language, Gender and Female Voice in Tomson Highway’s Kiss of the Fur Queen

This paper analyzes Tomson Highway’s Kiss of the Fur Queen. From the viewpoint of language wider ideological effects are discussed with an emphasis on the idea that Cree language has no gender. The first chapter shows how English language and worldview are intertwined with Cree perspective. Although Cree language is represented as humorous, it cannot be the language in which to voice post-colonial struggles. English becomes the language of resistance because Native Cree language and customs were erased by the colonial power. The term post-colonial is understood as a relationship between First Nations Cree and Canadian center. In the preface and at several points in the novel it is stated that First Nations Cree has no gender. The analysis attempts to uncover the wider significance of the genderlessness of Cree language (and perspective) using terms such as hybridity, abrogation, appropriation and gender performativity. The paper shows that the novel does not favor either side in the colonial opposition but argues for hybridity. The English perspective in the novel is shown to be intertwined with patriarchal modes of behavior. The idea of no gender is further developed in Gabriel, one of the characters in the novel. It is argued that he tries to live a life more in tune with Cree perspective. As a gay Native man, he struggles to live an ordinary life within a patriarchal and racist society. He, along with his brother Jeremiah, tries to subvert the dominant heterosexuality — Jeremiah as asexual who is haunted by images of violence committed against First Nations women and Gabriel as gay and two-spirited person. The analysis of the character of Gabriel uses Judith Butler’s theory on gender as performance and the notion of two-spirit – a unique First Nations idea that transcends the dyad of male versus female. The final chapter focuses on the representation of femininity. The society as represented from Cree perspective, under the influence of colonialism and Christianity, is burdened with masculine power that marginalizes female voice. Female characters are shown to exist on the margin. However, female voices are not completely silenced. Moreover, Cree worldview, mythology and way of life are permeated with images of female power

A Sociolinguistic Study of Visually Impaired Students of English in Croatia

Vision plays an important role in learning in general, which is why many believe that visually impaired learners (VILs) cannot be successful in acquiring a foreign language. It is not uncommon that the VILs themselves feel this way, too, which is why the purpose of this research was to look into how VILs perceive themselves as students of English as an L2. The subjects of this case study were 3 partially sighted and 2 blind high school students enrolled at the Vinko Bek Centre for Education and Rehabilitation of the Visually Impaired. By using the methods of participant and non-participant observation and sociolinguistic interview, this paper examines how family as a social factor in SLA, social and educational settings in which the VI students grow up and psycholinguistic factors such as aptitude, motivation, learned helplessness and coping mechanisms affect their self-perception and success. The study confirms the initial hypothesis that family members, the VILs’ social background and the environment in which they grow up affect their attitudes towards language learning and their success. It also underlines the importance of the psycholinguistic factors in the self-evaluation of the subjects and offers some implications for teachers working with VILs in mainstream schools

Pseudonyms in library catalogs

Ovaj rad bavi se problemom pseudonimije u bibliotekarskoj praksi. U prvom dijelu fokus je na teorijskom razrješavanju samog pojma pseudonima te njemu srodnih pojmova heteronima, egzonima i endonima. Zatim je prikazan način za postupanje s pseudonimima u katalogizaciji naveden u Pravilniku i priručniku za izradbu abecednih kataloga Eve Verone, a potom se upozorilo na moguću interferenciju s pravima pojedinca na privatnost. U drugom i najvećem dijelu rada prikazano je postupanje s pseudonimima u knjižničarskoj praksi. Za ilustrativne primjere uzeti su Voltaire, Mark Twain, E.L. James i Nora Roberts te su se njihova djela pretraživala u katalozima osam velikih knjižnica. Rezultati pretraživanja ukazali su na određene neujednačenosti između pretraživanja s pseudonimom i pretraživanja s pravim imenom, a osobito su izražene u predmetnom pretraživanju.This paper deals with the problem of pseudonymity in library practice. In the first part the focus is on the theoretical resolution of the concept of pseudonyms and related terms heteronyms, exonyms and endonyms. Then the method for dealing with pseudonyms in the cataloging listed in the A Code and manual for compiling alphabetical catalogues of Eva Verona is presented. Furthermore, the possibility of the previous interfering with the individual's rights to privacy is mentioned. In the second and major part of the paper, the handling with pseudonyms in library practice is shown. Voltaire, Mark Twain, E.L. James and Nora Roberts are taken for examples and their literary works are searched in the catalogs of eight large libraries. Search results point to specific disparities between searching with a pseudonym and searching with a real name, and those are especially expressed in subject searching

Speciesism : Human Relationship Towards Animals

Ovaj diplomski rad prikazuje raširenost specizma, ljudske diskriminacije životinja, kao i povijesne aspekte njegova nastanka i daljnjeg razvoja. Specistička pretpostavka ljudske superiornosti nad ne-ljudskim bićima dovela je do eksploatacije životinja u razne svrhe, poput prehrane, zabave, testiranja na životinjama, uzgoja radi krzna i drugog. Zagovornici zaštite i prava životinja zalažu se za proširenje temeljnih prava izvan ljudske sfere, na ne-ljudske životinje. Eksploatacija životinja, osim bespotrebnog i okrutnog nanošenja patnje i boli živim, osjećajnim bićima, ostavlja dalekosežne posljedice na onečišćenje okoliša i svijeta u kojem živimo. Ovakva praksa iskorištavanja životinja nepravedna je i moralno neodrživa, pogotovo u današnjem vremenu u kojima je dostupan niz alternativa koje zamjenjuju specističku eksploataciju.This graduate thesis presents the spread of speciesism, human discrimination towards animals, as well as the historical aspects of its occurrence and further development. The speciesist premise of human superiority over non-human beings has led to exploitation of animals for various purposes, such as food, entertainment, testing on animals, breeding for fur and the like. Animal protection and rights advocates advocate extending of fundamental rights outside the human sphere, to non-human beings. Exploitation of animals, besides the unnecessary and cruel cause of suffering and the pain of living, emotional beings, leaves far-reaching consequences on environmental pollution and the world we live in. This practice of exploiting animals is unjust and morally unsustainable, especially nowadays where a number of alternatives which replace the speciesist exploitation are available

Information and Communication Technology in Rehabilitation of Hearing Impaired Children

Za informacijsko-komunikacijsku tehnologiju možemo reći da ima veliku i rastuću ulogu u današnjem društvu. Zbog toga se u ovom radu razmatra informacijsko-komunikacijska tehnologija u rehabilitaciji i edukaciji djece s oštećenjem sluha. Sluh je važan u ostvarivanju komunikacije i reagiranju na opasnosti i upozorenja iz okoline te moguća oštećenja sluha utječu na razvoj govornog jezika. Važnost rane identifikacije i rehabilitacije postoji, ali se ističe i utjecaj koji IKT ima na djecu te kako im pomaže u razvoj brojnih kompetencija. U ovom radu opisuje se i uporaba informacijsko-komunikacijske tehnologije u rehabilitaciji i edukaciji djece s oštećenjem sluha.Prikazuju se alati i programi razvijeni s ciljem razvoja govornog jezika, poboljšanja artikulacije i izgovora te učenju novih pojmova i koncepata. U eksperimentalnom dijelu rada prikazana je primjena, odnosno uporaba informacijsko-komunikacijske tehnologije u radu s djecom s oštećenim sluhom. Istraživanje je provedeno u Poliklinici za rehabilitaciju slušanja i govora SUVAG, a ciljevi istraživanja bili su ispitati: 1) učinkovitost i važnost uporabe informacijsko-komunikacijske tehnologije u radu i rehabilitaciji djece s oštećenim sluhom, 2) učinkovitost uporabe informacijsko-komunikacijske tehnologije u razvoju predvještina čitanja, odnosno fonološke svjesnosti kod djece s oštećenim sluhom te 3) jesu li djeca s oštećenim sluhom zainteresiranija, aktivnija i angažiranija na samom satu rehabilitacije ako se u njega uvede informacijsko-komunikacijska tehnologija. Dobiveni rezultati pokazuju da postoji potreba za uvođenjem informacijsko-komunikacijskih tehnologija u proces rehabilitacije i edukacije djece s oštećenjem sluha. Djeci je IKT zanimljiva, motivirajuća i njezinom uporabom dolazi do poboljšanja određenih vještina fonološke svjesnosti.Information and communication technology has a significant and growing role in today's society. Therefore, this paper is about information and communication technology in rehabilitation and education of children with hearing impairment. Hearing is important for communication as well as for responding to dangers and warnings from the environment. Possible hearing loss affects development of the spoken language. Early identification and rehabilitation of children with hearing impairment is important, but the impact of the ICT on children and how it helps them in development of numerous competences is real. This paper describes the use of information and communication technology in rehabilitation and education of children with hearing impairment. Tools and programs are developed with the aim of developing the spoken language, improving articulation and pronunciation and learning new words and concepts. Furthermore, in the experimental part of the paper, the use of information and communication technology in the rehabilitation of children with hearing impairment is presented. The research was conducted at Polyclinic for the Rehabilitation of Listening and Speech SUVAG, and research goals were to determine: 1) the effectiveness and importance of the use of information and communication technology in the work and rehabilitation of children with hearing impaired, 2) efficiency of the use of information and communication technology in the development of phonological awareness in children with hearing impairment and 3) whether children with hearing impairment are more interested, more active and engaged in the rehabilitation if information technology is used. The results of this research show that there is a need for information and communication technologies in the process of rehabilitation and education of children with hearing impairment. To the children, ICT is interesting, motivating, and their use improves some phonological awareness skills

Digital technologies in communication between teachers and parents

Doktorska disertacija pod nazivom Digitalne tehnologije u komunikaciji odgojitelja i roditelja daje prikaz teorijske i konceptualne osnove te nalaze istraživanja mišljenja i stavova odgojitelja i roditelja o upotrebama digitalnih tehnologija u međusobnoj komunikaciji. Od 60-ih godina 20. stoljeća kada se pojavljuje interes znanstvenika za pitanja suradnje obitelji i odgojno-obrazovne ustanove pa do danas objavljen je niz istraživanja u kojima se pokušalo odgovoriti zašto i kako surađivati (Stričević, 2010; Jackson i Needham, 2014). U istraživanjima odnosa roditelja i odgojitelja znanstvenici se koriste različitim terminima – uključivanje roditelja, suradnja s roditeljima, roditeljska participacija, rad s roditeljima, te partnerstvo s roditeljima (Maleš, 1996; Hornby i Lafaele 2011). Tijekom vremena dolazi do promjena u odnosima između obitelji i odgojno-obrazovne ustanove s obzirom na moć, uloge i način komunkacije sudionika u odnosu. Upravo ta činjenica poticaj je za istraživanje ove teme u današnje vrijeme digitalnih tehnologija. Rad započinje prikazom teorija od samih začetaka komunikacije pa sve do danas,s posebnim naglaskom na teorije temeljene na upotrebi digitalnih tehnologija u procesu komunikacije s naglaskom na servise za komunikaciju kao što su Viber, WhatsApp te društvene mreže Facebook, Instagram i Pinterest koje također omogućavaju komunikaciju svojim korisnicima. Spomenute servise i društvene mreže istraživalo se iz segmenta njihove zastupljenosti u komunikacijskom procesu u ustanovama za rani i predškolski odgoj i obrazovanje. S naglaskom na ulogu odgojitelja u kontekstu upotrebe digitalnih tehnologija, njegovu informatičku pismenosti te razvoj komunikacije od tradicionalnog ka suvremenom u odnosu na korisnike usluge ustanove odnosno roditelja djece rane i predškolske dobi. Komunikacijske kompetencije i informatička pismenost odgojitelja promatrana je kao konstruktor znanja za razvoj kvalitetnijih komunikacijskih procesa. Cilj istraživanja bio je ispitati mišljenje i stavove te navike odgojitelja i roditelja u odnosu na korištenje digitalnih tehnologija u međusobnoj komunikaciji. S obzirom na postavljeni cilj, proizlazi glavna hipoteza (Hg) koje glasi: Postoji statistički značajna razlika u komunikaciji između roditelja i odgojitelja putem digitalne tehnologije. Istraživanju se pristupilo kvantitativnim i kvalitativnim istraživačkim postupcima polazeći od hipoteze da digitalne tehnologije potiču razvoj pozitivne komunikacije između odgojitelja i roditelja te imajući na umu preferirane oblike komunikacije od tradicionalne do suvremene. Podaci su se prikupljali putem upitnika te fokus grupa. S obzirom na to da nije pronađen odgovarajući instrument, za potrebe ovoga istraživanja konstruiran je instrument na osnovi definiranih ključnih činitelja komunikacije i servisa za komunikaciju. Instrument je pilotiran radi utvrđivanja metrijskih vrijednosti koje su pokazale validnost čestica upitnika. Ispitivala su se mišljenja i navike odgojitelja i roditelja u vezi s komunikacijom općenito, kao i međusobnom komunikacijom, s naglaskom na korištenje digitalne tehnologije. Istraživački postupci provedeni su u svibnju 2017. godine. Rad predstavlja opsežno istraživanje komunikacije putem digitalne tehnologije između roditelja i odgojitelja djece rane i predškolske dobi u Gradu Zagrebu. Empirijsko istraživanje provedeno je na demografski stratificiranom uzorku prema zemljopisnom području. Na taj način željela se postići ujednačenost roditelja i odgojitelja po ustanovama za rani i predškolski odgoj i obrazovanje u Gradu Zagrebu. Ustanove koje su sudjelovale u istraživanju pokrivaju sveukupni teritorij Grada Zagreba (sve četiri strane svijeta te uži centar). U istraživanju je sudjelovalo devet ustanove za rani i predškolski odgoj i obrazovanje: „Bukovac“, „Vedri dani“, „Maksimir“, „Cvrčak“, „Siget“, „Utrine“, „Sunčana“, „Prečko“ i „Različak“. Anketno ispitivanje provedeno je na slučajnom uzorku roditelja koji su u vrijeme provedbe istraživanja imali dijete u dobi od 5 do 6 godina koje je pohađalo jednu od navedenih ustanova. Istraživanje je provedeno na uzorku od ukupno N=742 ispitanika odnosno N=342 odgojitelja i N=356 roditelja. Temeljeno na dobivenim rezultatima, (M=4,3;SD=0,94) odgojitelja i (M=4,7;SD=0,60) roditelja smatra da je digitalna tehnologija vrlo korisna te se to može smatrati temeljnim polazištem u izjednačenosti mišljenja roditelja i odgojitelja. Prema rezultatima istraživanja prva hipoteza H1 djelomično je potvrđena jer je mišljenje odgojitelja i roditelja u vezi s poticanjem pozitivne komunikacije putem digitalne tehnologije u koliziji. Šesta je hipoteza H6 odbačena jer nije utvrđena statistički značajna povezanost između radnog staža odgojitelja i roditelja te izbora servisa za komunikaciju. Ostale hipoteze su potvrđene te su samim time prihvaćene, pa se može govoriti o značajnom utjecaju digitalne tehnologije na komunikaciju između odgojitelja i roditelja. Rezultati omogućuju jasniji uvid u mišljenje i navike odgojitelja i roditelja o komunikaciji te preferiranje tradicionalnog odnosno suvremenog oblika komunikacije. Uz utvrđivanje preferencije roditelja odnosno odgojitelja o oblicima komunikacije, doprinos rada temelji se na otkrivanju promjena u komunikaciji između odgojitelja i roditelja nastalih pod utjecajem suvremenog digitalnog okruženja u odnosu na tradicionalne komunikacijske oblike, kao determinante njihovih međuodnosa. Dobiveni rezultati mogu biti temeljne smjernice promjena u edukaciji odgojitelja što se tiče komunikacije s roditeljima te organizacije i funkcioniranja predškolskih institucija općenito, jer je komunikacija ogledalo organizacije. Istraživanje je pokazalo da postoji potreba za promjenama u komunikaciji između roditelja i odgojitelja te za osiguravanjem mogućnosti za aktivnijim korištenjem digitalnih tehnologija u tom procesu (O'Hara, Massimi, Harper, Rubens i Morris, 2014). Postoje određene razlike u oblicima komunikacije koje preferiraju roditelji od onih koje preferiraju odgojitelji, međutim, zajedničko je mišljenje da je komunikacija licem u lice temelj komunikacije. Digitalna tehnologija pridonosi nadogradnji tradicionalnih oblika komunikacije te komunikaciju čini funkcionalnijom, bržom i lakše dostupnom svima, bez obzira na trenutačnu lokaciju i udaljenost od ustanove za rani i predškolski odgoji i obrazovanje, odnosno odgojitelja kao subjekta u procesu komunikacije (Sully, Barbour i Roberts-King, 2015 ). Znanstveni doprinos ovog istraživanja vidljiv je na nekoliko razina. Prvu razinu čini teorijski pristup komunikaciji odgojitelja i roditelja od tradicionalnog do suvremenog, što do sada nije prikazano na ovaj način te se može smatrati znanstvenim doprinosom. Također nisu pronađeni instrumenti koji mjere preferencije odgojitelja i roditelja u međusobnoj komunikaciji putem digitalne tehnologije primjerene za korištenje na populaciji hrvatskih odgojitelja i roditelja s obzirom na organizacijske i kulturne specifičnosti, stoga razvoj instrumenta u ovom istraživanju predstavlja drugu razinu znanstvenog doprinosa. Zadnja razina znanstvenog doprinosa vidljiva je u korištenju rezultata ovog istraživanja kao polazne točke za nova istraživanja komunikacije odgojitelja i roditelja putem digitalne tehnologije.Doctoral dissertation titled Digital technology in communication between kindergarten teachers and parents gives an overview of the theoretical and conceptual basis and conclusions obtained through research on opinions and attitudes of parents on the use of digital technology in mutual communication. Since the 60s, when the interest among scientists regarding the question of collaboration between families and educational institutions first started to emerge, until today, a series of studies have been published, seeking to answer why and how to collaborate (Stričević, 2010; Jackson & Needham, 2014). In their research on kindergarten teacher-parent relationships, scientists use various terms – parental involvement, collaboration with parents, parental participation, work with parents, and partnership with parents (Maleš, 1996; Hornby & Lafaele 2011). Over time, there occured a change in the relationship between parents and educational institutions with regard to the power, role, and mode of communication of the participants in this relationship. It is this fact that is a source of inspiration for conducting research on this topic today, in the time of digital technology. The paper begins with giving an overview of the theories from the very beginnings of communication until today, with a special emphasis on theories based on the use of digital technology in the process of communication, with an emphasis on communication services such as Viber, WhatsApp, and social networks Facebook, Instagram, and Pinterest, which also enable communication among their users. The mentioned services and social networks were investigated with regard to the extent to which they are used in the communication process in institutions for early childhood and preschool education, with an emphasis on the role of kindergarten teachers in the context of the use of digital technology, their IT literacy, and the development of communication from traditional to contemporary, in relation to the users of the services of institutions, or parents of children of early and preschool age. Communicative competences and IT literacy of kindergarten teachers were observed as a knowledge constructor for the development of more quality communication processes. The aim of this research was to examine the opinions and attitudes, as well as habits, of kindergarten teachers and parents regarding the use of digital technology in mutual communication. Given the set aim, the following research question arose: What changes does the use of digital technology bring in communication between parents and kindergarten teachers? The research was approached by means of quantitative and qualitative research methods, starting from the hypothesis that the digital technology encourages the development of positive communication between kindergarten teachers and parents and the preferred forms of communication, from traditional to contemporary ones. The data were collected by means of questionnaires and focus groups. Since no suitable instrument was found, one has been designed for the purposes of this research, based on the defined key communication actors and communication services. The instrument was piloted to determine the metric values which showed the validity of questionnaire items. The opinions and habits of kindergarten teachers and parents regarding communication in general, as well as mutual communication, were examined, with an emphasis on the use of digital technology. Research procedures were carried out in May 2017. The paper presents an extensive research of digital communication between parents and kindergarten teachers in the City of Zagreb. Empirical research was conducted on a demographically stratified sample (with regard to the geographical area). In this way, a uniformity of parents and kindergarten teachers across different institutions for early childhood and preschool education in the City of Zagreb was sought to be achieved. The institutions which took part in the research cover the entire territory of the City of Zagreb (all four cardinal directions and the downtown). Nine institutions for early childhood and preschool education took part in this research: “Bukovac”, “Vedri dani”, “Maksimir”, “Cvrčak”, “Siget”, “Utrine”, “Sunčana”, “Prečko” and “Različak”. The survey was conducted on a random sample of parents who at the time of the research had a child aged 5 to 6 attending one of the mentioned institutions. The research was conducted on the total of N=742 respondents, or N=342 kindergarten teachers and N=356 parents. Based on the results, (M=4.3; SD=0.94) kindergarten teachers and (M=4.7; SD=0.60) parents consider that digital technology is very useful, and this can be considered a fundamental starting point in the uniformity of parents’ and kindergarten teachers’ opinions. According to the results of this research, the first hypothesis, H1, was partially confirmed, because the opinions of kindergarten teachers and those of parents collide when it comes to encouraging positive communication through digital technology. The sixth hypothesis, H6, was discarded because no statistically significant correlation was found between the teachers’ and parents’ length of work experience and the choice of communication services. Other hypotheses have been confirmed and, therefore, accepted, so it can be said that digital technology has a significant influence on the parent-teacher communication. The results provide a clearer insight into opinions and habits of kindergarten teachers and parents regarding communication, and the preference of traditional or modern means of communication. In addition to identifying preferences of parents and kindergarten teachers regarding the means of communication, the contribution of this research is based on discovering changes in communication between kindergarten teachers and parents that ensued under the influence of contemporary digital environment as compared to the traditional means of communication, as the determinants of their interrelationships. The results obtained can be fundamental guidelines for changes in education of kindergarten teachers regarding communication with parents, and organization and functioning of preschool institutions in general, because the communication is a mirror of organization. This research has shown there is a need for changes in communication between kindergarten teachers and parents, as well as for providing possibilities for more active use of digital technology in this process (O'Hara, Massimi, Harper, Rubens & Morris, 2014). There are certain differences in forms of communication which are preferred by parents and those preferred by kindergarten teachers, however, they both share the opinion that face to face communication is the basis of communication. The digital technology contributes to the upgrading of traditional forms of communication and is seeking to make communication more functional, faster, and more easily accessible to all, regardless of current location and distance from the early childhood and preschool education institution, or the kindergarten teacher as the subject in the process of communication (Sully, Barbour i Roberts-King, 2015). The scientific contribution of this research is visible on several levels. The first level is based on the theoretical approach to the parent-teacher communication, from the traditional to contemporary, which has not yet been presented in this way, so it can be considered a scientific contribution. Furthermore, no instruments have been found measuring parents’ and teachers’ preferences regarding mutual communication by means of digital technology which would be appropriate for the use on Croatian kindergarten teachers and parents, considering their cultural specificity, therefore the development of the instrument used for this research represents another level of scientific contribution. When it comes to the last level of scientific contribution, there is a possibility to use the results of this research as a starting point for new research on communication between kindergarten teachers and parents through digital technology

The Role of Visual Representation in the Construction of Meaning

The main focus of this thesis is to analyze verb-particle constructions in the English language and their relationship with strategic construal. This is achieved through the analysis of visual depictions of such constructions by Croatian and Omani high-proficiency speakers of English. The thesis first provides a theoretical background covering the most important topics related to this subject: verb-particle constructions, strategic construal, conceptual blending, and decoding images. The research was carried out by analyzing the participants’ pictoral output, dividing the drawings into categories, and studying emerging patterns. Furthermore, focus was placed on speakers’ strategies for visually depicting verb-particle constructions and individual images that merited further analysis

C. S. Lewis: Biblical Motifs in The Chronicles of Narnia

Biblijski sloj jedan je od najsnažnije prisutnih slojeva u Kronikama iz Narnije književnika i medievista C. S. Lewisa i to ponajviše na razini motiva. Nekoliko se slojeva provlači kroz svih sedam dijelova Kronika iz Narnije, a to su: Biblija, usmenoknjiževni i mitološki motivi, kršćanstvo, antika, srednjovjekovlje i kritika modernog školstva. U Kronikama se ti slojevi često preklapaju. Biblijski motivi najzastupljeniji su u Lavu, Vještici i ormaru, Čarobnjakovu nećaku i Posljednjoj bitci, a manje su prisutni u ostalim dijelovima serijala. Roman Lav, Vještica i ormar pun je poveznica s Isusovom mukom i smrću i to najviše s Evanđeljem po Marku, Čarobnjakov nećak s Knjigom Postanka, a Posljednja bitka s Otkrivenjem. Mnogi autori pokušali su bezuspješno povezati ove romane u niz, redovito preko biblijskih i kršćanskih motiva. Iako pokušaji nisu donijeli rješenje povezivanja dijelova, otkrilo se koliko je prisutan sloj srednjovjekovnih motiva. Rad je kritički utvrdio prisutnost biblijskih motiva.The biblical subtext present in The Chronicles of Narnia by C. S. Lewis, a writer and medievalist, is one of the most striking and palpable subtexts in the entire series. Several subtexts are present in all seven parts of The Chronicles, including the Bible, oral tradition, mythological motifs, Christianity, antiquity, medievality, and the criticism of contemporary education. In The Chronicles these layers often overlap. Biblical motifs are most frequent in The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe, The Magician’s Nephew, and The Last Battle, and appear to a lesser extent in other parts of the saga. The novel The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe is brimming with references to Christ’s passion and death, mostly according to the Gospel by Mark; The Magician’s Nephew correlates with the Genesis and The Last Battle with the Book of Revelation. Many authors have unsuccessfully tried to link these novels together, most often through biblical or Christian motifs. Although no firm solution to the problem exists, it has been established that medieval motifs are ubiquitously present in The Chronicles. This work analyses and confirms the presence of the biblical motifs in the saga