52 research outputs found
âFrom resistance to challengeâ: child health service nurses experiences of how a course in group leadership affected their management of parental groups
Association between plasma phospholipid saturated fatty acids and metabolic markers of lipid, hepatic, inflammation and glycaemic pathways in eight European countries: a cross-sectional analysis in the EPIC-InterAct study.
BACKGROUND: Accumulating evidence suggests that individual circulating saturated fatty acids (SFAs) are heterogeneous in their associations with cardio-metabolic diseases, but evidence about associations of SFAs with metabolic markers of different pathogenic pathways is limited. We aimed to examine the associations between plasma phospholipid SFAs and the metabolic markers of lipid, hepatic, glycaemic and inflammation pathways. METHODS: We measured nine individual plasma phospholipid SFAs and derived three SFA groups (odd-chain: C15:0â+âC17:0, even-chain: C14:0â+âC16:0â+âC18:0, and very-long-chain: C20:0â+âC22:0â+âC23:0â+âC24:0) in individuals from the subcohort of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)-InterAct case-cohort study across eight European countries. Using linear regression in 15,919 subcohort members, adjusted for potential confounders and corrected for multiple testing, we examined cross-sectional associations of SFAs with 13 metabolic markers. Multiplicative interactions of the three SFA groups with pre-specified factors, including body mass index (BMI) and alcohol consumption, were tested. RESULTS: Higher levels of odd-chain SFA group were associated with lower levels of major lipids (total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides, apolipoprotein A-1 (ApoA1), apolipoprotein B (ApoB)) and hepatic markers (alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT)). Higher even-chain SFA group levels were associated with higher levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), TC/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) ratio, triglycerides, ApoB, ApoB/A1 ratio, ALT, AST, GGT and CRP, and lower levels of HDL-C and ApoA1. Very-long-chain SFA group levels showed inverse associations with triglycerides, ApoA1 and GGT, and positive associations with TC, LDL-C, TC/HDL-C, ApoB and ApoB/A1. Associations were generally stronger at higher levels of BMI or alcohol consumption. CONCLUSIONS: Subtypes of SFAs are associated in a differential way with metabolic markers of lipid metabolism, liver function and chronic inflammation, suggesting that odd-chain SFAs are associated with lower metabolic risk and even-chain SFAs with adverse metabolic risk, whereas mixed findings were obtained for very-long-chain SFAs. The clinical and biochemical implications of these findings may vary by adiposity and alcohol intake
Att göra abstrakta begrepp och komplexa situationer konkreta : en avhandling om deltagarbaserad aktionsforskning i svensk vÄrd och omsorg
This dissertation covers the subject of how abstract concepts and complex situations can be concretized through research together with practitioners. The dissertation is based on four empirical studies. The researcher role, the practitioner participation and the methods for data collection and analysis have varied. In study I the concept âNĂ€rsjukvĂ„rdâ was explored to understand how practitioners, managers and politicians in hospitals, primary health care and municipalities interpreted the concept. The researcher acted as consultant who collected data by interviews and questionnaires. Practitionersâ participation was limited. âNĂ€rsjukvĂ„rdâ was interpreted as accessibility to hospital beds, accessibility to primary health care, collaboration between care providers and continuity and developed home care. Study II aimed to explore how people experienced leg ulcer care. The researcher acted as a consultant who performed the interviews and  analysed the data. Although the informants experienced their encounters with the nurses as satisfying, the study illuminated low participation in the care and low practitioner involvement in issues about daily living with the leg ulcer. The findings were brought back to the informants and the practitioners. The project did not proceed towards development and change. In study III the aim was to explore the Swedish concept âtrygghetâ by using stories from daily life. Four older women were interviewed and the Story Dialogue method was used together with assistant nurses and registered nurses who participated in data collection and analysis. Two themes emerged: Sense of Security and factors strengthening the Sense of Security. Together with the assistant nurses, areas for improvements were identified. Study IV aimed to explore the discharge planning situation in order to    generate ideas for development. Members from a discharge planning network participated in the whole research process. Conditions for a successful coordinated discharge planning situation were a system including: the participation of the patient, the competence of the staff and the support from the organisation. The group arranged a workshop about communication and interdisciplinary   collaboration. The findings resulted in a form with self-evaluation questions. In conclusion, this thesis illustrates that it is possible to clarify abstract concepts and complex situations together with practitioners. To do this successfully, sense making activities and to start from practitionersâ experiences and their own context are key factors. The studies illuminate that building trust, relationship and sense of participation are essential in health and social care in general and specifically in the participatory action research process
Att göra abstrakta begrepp och komplexa situationer konkreta : en avhandling om deltagarbaserad aktionsforskning i svensk vÄrd och omsorg
This dissertation covers the subject of how abstract concepts and complex situations can be concretized through research together with practitioners. The dissertation is based on four empirical studies. The researcher role, the practitioner participation and the methods for data collection and analysis have varied. In study I the concept âNĂ€rsjukvĂ„rdâ was explored to understand how practitioners, managers and politicians in hospitals, primary health care and municipalities interpreted the concept. The researcher acted as consultant who collected data by interviews and questionnaires. Practitionersâ participation was limited. âNĂ€rsjukvĂ„rdâ was interpreted as accessibility to hospital beds, accessibility to primary health care, collaboration between care providers and continuity and developed home care. Study II aimed to explore how people experienced leg ulcer care. The researcher acted as a consultant who performed the interviews and analysed the data. Although the informants experienced their encounters with the nurses as satisfying, the study illuminated low participation in the care and low practitioner involvement in issues about daily living with the leg ulcer. The findings were brought back to the informants and the practitioners. The project did not proceed towards development and change. In study III the aim was to explore the Swedish concept âtrygghetâ by using stories from daily life. Four older women were interviewed and the Story Dialogue method was used together with assistant nurses and registered nurses who participated in data collection and analysis. Two themes emerged: Sense of Security and factors strengthening the Sense of Security. Together with the assistant nurses, areas for improvements were identified. Study IV aimed to explore the discharge planning situation in order to generate ideas for development. Members from a discharge planning network participated in the whole research process. Conditions for a successful coordinated discharge planning situation were a system including: the participation of the patient, the competence of the staff and the support from the organisation. The group arranged a workshop about communication and interdisciplinary collaboration. The findings resulted in a form with self-evaluation questions. In conclusion, this thesis illustrates that it is possible to clarify abstract concepts and complex situations together with practitioners. To do this successfully, sense making activities and to start from practitionersâ experiences and their own context are key factors. The studies illuminate that building trust, relationship and sense of participation are essential in health and social care in general and specifically in the participatory action research process
Finns de? - FÀrdigheterna att vÀgleda elever pÄ sÀrskolan
Avsikten med detta examensarbete Ă€r att belysa problematiken kring vĂ€gledningen inom sĂ€rskolan och ge en bild av hur vĂ€gledningen pĂ„ sĂ€rskolan bedrivs. Vi vill Ă€ven ge en bild av olika arbetssĂ€tt som kan anvĂ€ndas av studie- och yrkesvĂ€gledare i sĂ€rskolan.Examensarbetet Ă€r en kvalitativ intervju med sex vĂ€gledare som arbetar inom sĂ€rskolan. Intervjuerna spelades in under telefonsamtal. De forskningsperspektiv som anvĂ€nds behandlar frĂ€mst vilka fĂ€rdigheter som vĂ€gledare inom sĂ€rskolan behöver för att kunna samtala. Den teori som framförallt har anvĂ€nts finns inom matchningsteorin och förklarar hur vĂ€gledare arbetar efter konceptet ârĂ€tt man pĂ„ rĂ€tt platsâ. Andra teoretiska perspektiv berör vĂ€gledning, bemötande, lyssnande, begrĂ€nsningar och kommunikation.Resultaten frĂ„n intervjuerna varierade och det varierade frĂ„n intervju till intervju hur mycket tid vĂ€gledarna avsatte för enskilda samtal. Resultatet visar att enbart tvĂ„ av vĂ„ra sex intervjupersoner har enskilda samtal. Resterande hĂ„ller informationssamtal med förĂ€ldrarna. Det framkom att eleverna som inte har nĂ„got verbalt sprĂ„k inte fĂ„r nĂ„gon enskild vĂ€gledning. Detta för att en mall och kunskap för att vĂ€gleda dessa elever saknas. I analysen belyses vad studie- och yrkesvĂ€gledning inom sĂ€rskolan Ă€r. Det framkommer att man lĂ€gger mycket tid pĂ„ administrativa uppgifter som vĂ€gledare inom sĂ€rskolan. Enligt studierna handlar vĂ€gledningen om att matcha elevernas fĂ€rdigheter och förmĂ„gor med daglig verksamhet eller ett kommande yrkesliv istĂ€llet för att vĂ€gleda enskilda elever
Finns de? - FÀrdigheterna att vÀgleda elever pÄ sÀrskolan
Avsikten med detta examensarbete Àr att belysa problematiken kring vÀgledningen inom sÀrskolan och ge en bild av hur vÀgledningen pÄ sÀrskolan bedrivs. Vi vill Àven ge en bild av olika arbetssÀtt som kan anvÀndas av studie- och yrkesvÀgledare i sÀrskolan.
Examensarbetet Àr en kvalitativ intervju med sex vÀgledare som arbetar inom sÀrskolan. Intervjuerna spelades in under telefonsamtal.
De forskningsperspektiv som anvĂ€nds behandlar frĂ€mst vilka fĂ€rdigheter som vĂ€gledare inom sĂ€rskolan behöver för att kunna samtala. Den teori som framförallt har anvĂ€nts finns inom matchningsteorin och förklarar hur vĂ€gledare arbetar efter konceptet ârĂ€tt man pĂ„ rĂ€tt platsâ. Andra teoretiska perspektiv berör vĂ€gledning, bemötande, lyssnande, begrĂ€nsningar och kommunikation.
Resultaten frÄn intervjuerna varierade och det varierade frÄn intervju till intervju hur mycket tid vÀgledarna avsatte för enskilda samtal. Resultatet visar att enbart tvÄ av vÄra sex intervjupersoner har enskilda samtal. Resterande hÄller informationssamtal med förÀldrarna. Det framkom att eleverna som inte har nÄgot verbalt sprÄk inte fÄr nÄgon enskild vÀgledning. Detta för att en mall och kunskap för att vÀgleda dessa elever saknas. I analysen belyses vad studie- och yrkesvÀgledning inom sÀrskolan Àr. Det framkommer att man lÀgger mycket tid pÄ administrativa uppgifter som vÀgledare inom sÀrskolan. Enligt studierna handlar vÀgledningen om att matcha elevernas fÀrdigheter och förmÄgor med daglig verksamhet eller ett kommande yrkesliv istÀllet för att vÀgleda enskilda elever
Reading is important and there are lots of fun words! : Reading stimulating measures in the younger school years
Unga i dagens samhÀlle Àr beroende av att kunna lÀsa och förstÄ text. Skolan behöver dÀrförfundera över hur lÀrare kan arbeta för att hjÀlpa eleverna nÄ en bÀttre lÀsförstÄelse. Denna studie handlar om att höja lÀsintresset hos elever genom frÄgestÀllningen vilka faktoreranser elever i Ärskurs 2 kan stimulera till lÀsning? Studien har inriktat sig pÄ lÀsfrÀmjandefaktorer frÄn tidigare forskning och resultatet Àr baserat pÄ semistrukturerade intervjuer avelever. Vi fann utifrÄn detta tre teman, Eleverna stimuleras till lÀsning nÀr de har möjlighettill socialt samspel med andra, Eleverna stimuleras till lÀsning nÀr de har ett brett utbud avtexter och Eleverna stimuleras till lÀsning av utmaningar. Dessa teman redovisar vilkafaktorer eleverna finner stimulerande till lÀsning. Först och frÀmst vill eleverna att vi skaanvÀnda mer litteratur med Àmnen som de Àr intresserade av. Eleverna önskar Àven mersamverkan med bibliotek och fler besök för att fÄ inspiration till litteratur att lÀsa. VÄr önskan Àr att fördjupad kunskap och studien ska kunna bidra positivt till utformandet avlÀrares undervisning i lÀsning. I vÄr lÀrarroll ser vi kunskap om hur vi kan arbeta med attstimulera intresse för lÀsning hos eleverna som viktig. I detta ingÄr insikter om vad elevernasjÀlva anser pÄverkar deras intresse för lÀsning. Den viktigaste faktorn för att barn ska lÀra siglÀsa Àr en litteraturintresserad vuxen, som förstÄr hur viktig undervisningen Àr. Den slutsats vi fann i vÄrt resultat stÀmmer vÀl överens med vad Skolinspektionen (2022) skriver i sin rapport LÀsfrÀmjande arbete i grundskolan med sÀrskilt fokus pÄ undervisningeni svenska i Ärskurs 4 - 6. För att utveckla elevernas lÀsförmÄga mÄste skolan arbeta mer tydligtmed lÀsfrÀmjande strategier. Med relativt enkla ÄtgÀrder finns det förutsÀttningar för syftet attstimulera eleverna till lÀsning.
Brandgasspridning via ventilationssystem - berÀkningsmodeller samt tillÀmpning pÄ elbyggnade vid reaktor 3 Ringhals kÀrnkraftverk
This report describes two models for calculations and simulations of spread of fire gases via ventilation systems. The models are applied on the electrical building of reactor 3 at the nuclear power plant of Ringhals, Sweden. A summary of the present Swedish regulations regarding fire dampers and duct insulation is presented. Suggestions to reduce smoke spread via ventilation systems are given. (Swedish
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