New Sulfamides Based on 1-Izopropil-3-α-Naftyl-5- Methoxymethyl-4-Aminopyrazole and Determination of Their Structure

Для ранее полученного 1-изопропил-3-α-нафтил-5-метоксиметил-4-нитрозопиразола проведена реакция восстановления гидразингидратом. Впервые был синтезирован 1-изопропил-3-α-нафтил-5-метоксиметил-4-аминопиразол, который затем сульфонилировали п-ацетамидобензолсульфохлоридом и п-толуолсульфохлоридом. В результате получены ранее неизвестные сульфонилированные производные N-алкилированных аминопиразолов. Состав и строение подтверждены современными методами анализа, такими как ИК-, ЯМР 1Н-спектроскопия и масс-спектрометрияFor the previously obtained 1-isopropyl-3-α-naphthyl-5-methoxymethyl-4-nitrosopyrazole, a reduction reaction with hydrazine hydrate was performed. It was first synthesized by 1-isopropyl-3-α-naphthyl- 5-methoxymethyl-4-aminopyrazole which was then sulfonylated by p-acetamidobenzenesulfonyl chloride and p-toluenesulfonic chloride. As a result previously unknown sulfonylated derivatives of N-alkylated aminopyrazoles were obtained. The composition and structure are confirmed by modern methods of analysis such as IR, 1H NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometr

Bounding Anomalous Gauge-Boson Couplings

In this version we have corrected some minor errors in the tables, corrected typos, and added a reference. We have also updated our comparison with earlier workers. Figures are now included as uuencoded compressed tar files.Comment: 32 page

A Genome-Wide Analysis of Promoter-Mediated Phenotypic Noise in Escherichia coli

Gene expression is subject to random perturbations that lead to fluctuations in the rate of protein production. As a consequence, for any given protein, genetically identical organisms living in a constant environment will contain different amounts of that particular protein, resulting in different phenotypes. This phenomenon is known as “phenotypic noise.” In bacterial systems, previous studies have shown that, for specific genes, both transcriptional and translational processes affect phenotypic noise. Here, we focus on how the promoter regions of genes affect noise and ask whether levels of promoter-mediated noise are correlated with genes' functional attributes, using data for over 60% of all promoters in Escherichia coli. We find that essential genes and genes with a high degree of evolutionary conservation have promoters that confer low levels of noise. We also find that the level of noise cannot be attributed to the evolutionary time that different genes have spent in the genome of E. coli. In contrast to previous results in eukaryotes, we find no association between promoter-mediated noise and gene expression plasticity. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that, in bacteria, natural selection can act to reduce gene expression noise and that some of this noise is controlled through the sequence of the promoter region alon

Galaxy groups in the 2dFGRS: the group-finding algorithm and the 2PIGG catalogue

The construction of a catalogue of galaxy groups from the Two-degree Field Galaxy Redshift Survey (2dFGRS) is described. Groups are identified by means of a friends-of-friends percolation algorithm which has been thoroughly tested on mock versions of the 2dFGRS generated from cosmological N-body simulations. The tests suggest that the algorithm groups all galaxies that it should be grouping, with an additional 40 per cent of interlopers. About 55 per cent of the ∼190 000 galaxies considered are placed into groups containing at least two members of which ∼29 000 are found. Of these, ∼7000 contain at least four galaxies, and these groups have a median redshift of 0.11 and a median velocity dispersion of 260 km s−1. This 2dFGRS Percolation-Inferred Galaxy Group (2PIGG) catalogue represents the largest available homogeneous sample of galaxy groups. It is publicly available on the World Wide We

Galaxy groups in the Two-degree Field Galaxy Redshift Survey: the luminous content of the groups

The Two-degree Field Galaxy Redshift Survey (2dFGRS) Percolation-Inferred Galaxy Group (2PIGG) catalogue of ∼29 000 objects is used to study the luminous content of galaxy systems of various sizes. Mock galaxy catalogues constructed from cosmological simulations are used to gauge the accuracy with which intrinsic group properties can be recovered. It is found that a Schechter function is a reasonable fit to the galaxy luminosity functions in groups of different mass in the real data, and that the characteristic luminosity L⋆ is slightly larger for more massive groups. However, the mock data show that the shape of the recovered luminosity function is expected to differ from the true shape, and this must be allowed for when interpreting the data. Luminosity function results are presented in both the bJ and rF wavebands. The variation of the halo mass-to-light ratio, ϒ, with group size is studied in both of these wavebands. A robust trend of increasing ϒ with increasing group luminosity is found in the 2PIGG data. Going from groups with bJ luminosities equal to 1010h−2 L⊙ to those 100 times more luminous, the typical bJ-band mass-to-light ratio increases by a factor of 5, whereas the rF-band mass-to-light ratio grows by a factor of 3.5. These trends agree well with the predictions of the simulations which also predict a minimum in the mass-to-light ratio on a scale roughly corresponding to the Local Group. The data indicate that if such a minimum exists, then it must occur at L≲ 1010h−2 L⊙, below the range accurately probed by the 2PIGG catalogue. According to the mock data, the bJ mass-to-light ratios of the largest groups are expected to be approximately 1.1 times the global value. Assuming that this correction applies to the real data, the mean bJ luminosity density of the Universe yields an estimate of Ωm= 0.26 ± 0.03 (statistical error only). Various possible sources of systematic error are considered, with the conclusion that these could affect the estimate of Ωm by a few tens of per cen

Novel N-Benzothiazolylpyrazole Derivatives with Pronounced Antioxidant Activity

Осуществлено масштабирование синтеза ранее неизвестного 2-(3-метил‑4-нитрозо‑5-фенил‑1H‑пиразол‑1-ил)бензо[d]тиазола циклоконденсацией гидразинилбензотиазола с 2-гидроксимино‑1,3-бутандионом до граммовых масштабов. Показана возможность перехода от производного 1-(бензотиазол‑2-ил)-4-нитрозопиразола к ранее неизвестным нитро-, амино-, имино-, амидо- и арилазопроизводным. Впервые полученные соединения охарактеризованы с использованием методов ИК, ЯМР 1H, ЯМР 13C, COSY, HSQC, HMBC, электронной спектроскопии и хромато-масс- спектрометрии. Изучение антиоксидантной активности производных бензотиазолилпиразола показало, что активность азометиновых производных превосходит гесперидин и феруловую кислотуThis article describes the gramm-scale synthesis of novel 2-(3-methyl‑4-nitroso‑5-phenyl‑1H‑pyrazol‑1-yl)benzo[d]thiazole by cyclocondensation of hydrazinylbenzothiazole with 2-hydroxyimino‑1,3-butanedione. We show the possibility of transformation of 1-(benzothiazol‑2-yl)-4-nitrosopyrazole to new nitro-, amino-, imino-, amido- and arylazo derivatives. The obtained for the first time compounds were characterized by using IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, COSY, HSQC, HMBC, UV–Vis spectroscopy and chromatograhy-mass spectrometry. The study of the antioxidant activity of new benzothiazolylpyrazoles showed that azomethine derivatives have very good activity, which is compared to hesperidin and ferulic aci

Behavior of Cellulose Biosynthetic Membrane as a Peritendinous Implant in Foals

Background: Tendon injuries are common in horses and are commonly associated with lameness and athletic career disruption. Adhesions formed between the tendons and the surrounding tissues compromise the sliding and movement of the structures, compromising their functionality. Therefore, the control of adhesion formation is critical to restore the structural integrity of the tendon, as well as its biomechanical function. The aim of this study was to evaluate the behavior of the biosynthetic cellulose membrane implanted in foals with surgically induced tendinitis of the superficial digital flexor.Materials, Methods & Results: Six healthy foals were used, which underwent tendinitis induction in the superficial digital flexor of the right and left forelimbs. The lesions was induced by local ischemia by crushing the tendon with hemostatic forceps. The biosynthetic cellulose membranewas implanted only in the right forelimb, involving the superficial digital flexor tendon in the region of the ischemia and the left forelimb was used as control. After surgery, both forelimb were immobilized with synthetic plaster cast for 15 days. Ultrasonography was performed in six foals immediately before (M0), at 15° (M1) at and 30° (M2) day, and three were evaluate at 45° (M3) and 60° (M4) day after surgery. Incisional biopsies were performed in three animals on the 30° day and in three animals on the 60° day after surgery. Histopathological examination involved the analysis of tissue disorganization, presence and type of inflammatory infiltrate and neovascularization, according to the score of 0 to 3. Ultrasonography allowed visualization of the membrane, which was characterized as a continuous hyperechoic line at the edges of the tendon at 15 days (M1). In addition, at 30 and 45 days after surgery, interruption of the hyperechoic line and reduction of echogenicity were observed, and no echogenic lines were observed at 60 days after surgery. During the biopsies, the fragments obtained from the treated limb were presented with easily detachable layers and separate layers of tissue during histological cutting and the slides preparations. There was no significant difference in relation to the histopathological scores between the treated and control member. The inflammatory infiltrate was predominantly of mononuclear cells and fibroblasts, with identification of giant cell in a foal at 30 days. Neovascularization was observed in all limbs, treated and controls at 30 days and in two treated limbs and three control at 60 days. It was possible to identify the synthetic cellulose membrane by histopathology in only two limbs treated at 30 days and in no limb at 60 days.Discussion: The degree of tendonitis induced in the present study was considered mild according to ultrasonographic analysis at 15 days after surgery. This fact limited the evaluation of the biosynthetic cellulose membrane in the prevention of adhesions, since they were not observed in both groups. However, the ability of the membrane to minimize adhesion formation can be suggest by the macroscopically observed individualization of the tissue layers during histological sections and slides preparation. Ultrasonographic analysis allowed the visualization of the membrane, as well as its positioning and the absorption process. Therefore, ultrasonography can be used in post-implantation monitoring of the membrane. The comparison of the histopathological scores demonstrates the biocompatibility of the biosynthetic cellulose membrane when implanted in foals submitted to surgically induced tendinitis, since there was no difference when compared to treated and control limbs. Therefore, it can be used safely in the treatment of tendon injuries in horses

LSST: from Science Drivers to Reference Design and Anticipated Data Products

(Abridged) We describe here the most ambitious survey currently planned in the optical, the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST). A vast array of science will be enabled by a single wide-deep-fast sky survey, and LSST will have unique survey capability in the faint time domain. The LSST design is driven by four main science themes: probing dark energy and dark matter, taking an inventory of the Solar System, exploring the transient optical sky, and mapping the Milky Way. LSST will be a wide-field ground-based system sited at Cerro Pach\'{o}n in northern Chile. The telescope will have an 8.4 m (6.5 m effective) primary mirror, a 9.6 deg$^2$ field of view, and a 3.2 Gigapixel camera. The standard observing sequence will consist of pairs of 15-second exposures in a given field, with two such visits in each pointing in a given night. With these repeats, the LSST system is capable of imaging about 10,000 square degrees of sky in a single filter in three nights. The typical 5$\sigma$ point-source depth in a single visit in $r$ will be $\sim 24.5$ (AB). The project is in the construction phase and will begin regular survey operations by 2022. The survey area will be contained within 30,000 deg$^2$ with $\delta<+34.5^\circ$, and will be imaged multiple times in six bands, $ugrizy$, covering the wavelength range 320--1050 nm. About 90\% of the observing time will be devoted to a deep-wide-fast survey mode which will uniformly observe a 18,000 deg$^2$ region about 800 times (summed over all six bands) during the anticipated 10 years of operations, and yield a coadded map to $r\sim27.5$. The remaining 10\% of the observing time will be allocated to projects such as a Very Deep and Fast time domain survey. The goal is to make LSST data products, including a relational database of about 32 trillion observations of 40 billion objects, available to the public and scientists around the world.Comment: 57 pages, 32 color figures, version with high-resolution figures available from https://www.lsst.org/overvie

Root Suberin Forms an Extracellular Barrier That Affects Water Relations and Mineral Nutrition in Arabidopsis

Though central to our understanding of how roots perform their vital function of scavenging water and solutes from the soil, no direct genetic evidence currently exists to support the foundational model that suberin acts to form a chemical barrier limiting the extracellular, or apoplastic, transport of water and solutes in plant roots. Using the newly characterized enhanced suberin1 (esb1) mutant, we established a connection in Arabidopsis thaliana between suberin in the root and both water movement through the plant and solute accumulation in the shoot. Esb1 mutants, characterized by increased root suberin, were found to have reduced day time transpiration rates and increased water-use efficiency during their vegetative growth period. Furthermore, these changes in suberin and water transport were associated with decreases in the accumulation of Ca, Mn, and Zn and increases in the accumulation of Na, S, K, As, Se, and Mo in the shoot. Here, we present direct genetic evidence establishing that suberin in the roots plays a critical role in controlling both water and mineral ion uptake and transport to the leaves. The changes observed in the elemental accumulation in leaves are also interpreted as evidence that a significant component of the radial root transport of Ca, Mn, and Zn occurs in the apoplast