2,778 research outputs found
Investments in the human capital of the socially disadvantaged children: Effects on redistribution
Recently, early investments in the human capital of children from socially disadvantaged environments have attracted a great deal of attention. Programs of such early intervention, aiming at children's health and well-being, are spreading considerably in the U.S. and are currently tested in several European countries. In a discrete version of the Mirrlees model with a parents' and a children's generation we show the intra-generational and the inter-generational redistributional consequences of such intervention programs. It turns out that the parents' generation always loses when such intervention programs are implemented. Among the children's generation it is the rich who always benefit. Despite the expectation that early intervention puts the poor descendants in a better position, our analysis reveals that the poor among the children's generation may even be worse off if the effect of early intervention on their productivity is not large enough. --Early Intervention,welfare,redistribution,taxation
Strange Particles and Neutron Stars - Experiments at Gsi
Experiments on strangeness production in nucleus-nucleus collisions at SIS
energies address fundamental aspects of modern nuclear physics: the
determination of the nuclear equation-of-state at high baryon densities and the
properties of hadrons in dense nuclear matter. Experimental data and
theoretical results will be reviewed. Future experiments at the FAIR
accelerator aim at the exploration of the QCD phase diagram at highest baryon
densities.Comment: %Invited talk given at the International Invited talk given at the
International Symposium on Heavy Ion Physics (ISHIP 2006) April 3-6 2006,
FIAS, Frankfurt, Germany Frankfurt, German
Virtuelle Eingliederungsarbeitsmärkte: Ein Weg aus der Arbeitslosigkeitsfalle
Die große Koalition in Berlin sieht sich gewaltigen Herausforderungen auf dem Gebiet des Arbeitsmarktes und der Sozialpolitik gegenüber. Entgegen allen Hoffnungen und Anstrengungen verharrt die Unterbeschäftigung weiter auf hohem Niveau. Inwiefern geraten Arbeitslose in die Arbeitslosigkeitsfalle? Wie könnte der Arbeitsmarkt für Geringqualifizierte besser organisiert werden? --
Unternehmensbewertung: Ein Balanceakt zwischen Rationalität und Intuition
Gerwald Mandl ist einer der wenigen Betriebswirte, die von sich behaupten
können, dass sie ihre Aufmerksamkeit dem Thema Unternehmensbewertung seit mehr
als 20 Jahren kontinuierlich widmen.1 Das hat sich in einer beeindruckenden
Fülle von Publikationen niedergeschlagen.2 Als Gutachter in streitigen
Bewertungsfällen ist er ein anerkannter und allseits geschätzter Experte. Oft
geht es in den Werken von Mandl um die Frage, wie sich Ertragsteuern auf die
Ermittlung des Unternehmenswerts auswirken.3 Und nicht minder häufig
beschäftigt ihn die Frage, wie im Detail vorzugehen ist, wenn bei der
Bewertung von Unternehmen gesetzliche Vorschriften beziehungsweise vom
Berufsstand der Wirtschaftsprüfer verabschiedete Regelungen zu beachten sind
und gleichzeitig wissenschaftliche Maßstäbe hochgehalten werden sollen.4 Das
ist stets eine Gratwanderung, die nicht leicht zu bewältigen ist.
Charakteristisch für den Jubilar ist, dass er nicht zu den Einzelkämpfern
zählt, sondern sich eher als Team-Arbeiter auszeichnet, der den
wissenschaftlichen Disput schätzt und den Rat von Kollegen sucht, ohne
allerdings darauf zu verzichten, sich nach sorgfältiger Abwägung am Ende ein
eigenes Urteil zu bilden
A MUSE map of the central Orion Nebula (M 42)
We present a new integral-field spectroscopic dataset of the central part of
the Orion Nebula (M 42), observed with the MUSE instrument at the ESO VLT. We
reduced the data with the public MUSE pipeline. The output products are two
FITS cubes with a spatial size of ~5.9'x4.9' (corresponding to ~0.76 pc x 0.63
pc) and a contiguous wavelength coverage of 4595...9366 Angstrom, spatially
sampled at 0.2". We provide two versions with a sampling of 1.25 Angstrom and
0.85 Angstrom in dispersion direction. Together with variance cubes these files
have a size of 75 and 110 GiB on disk. They represent one of the largest
integral field mosaics to date in terms of information content. We make them
available for use in the community. To validate this dataset, we compare world
coordinates, reconstructed magnitudes, velocities, and absolute and relative
emission line fluxes to the literature and find excellent agreement. We derive
a two-dimensional map of extinction and present de-reddened flux maps of
several individual emission lines and of diagnostic line ratios. We estimate
physical properties of the Orion Nebula, using the emission line ratios [N II]
and [S III] (for the electron temperature ) and [S II] and [Cl III] (for
the electron density ), and show two-dimensional images of the velocity
measured from several bright emission lines.Comment: Resubmitted to A&A after incorporating referee comments; access to
full dataset via http://muse-vlt.eu/science/data-release
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Protection Mechanism against Photocorrosion of GaN Photoanodes Provided by NiO Thin Layers
The photoelectrochemical properties of n-type Ga-polar GaN photoelectrodes covered with NiO layers of different thicknesses in the range 0–20 nm are investigated for aqueous solution. To obtain layers of well-defined thickness and high crystal quality, NiO is grown by plasma-assisted molecular-beam epitaxy. Stability tests reveal that the NiO layers suppress photocorrosion. With increasing NiO thickness, the onset of the photocurrent is shifted to more positive voltages and the photocurrent is reduced, especially for low bias potentials, indicating that hole transfer to the electrolyte interface is hindered by thicker NiO layers. Furthermore, cathodic transient spikes are observed under intermittent illumination, which hints at surface recombination processes. These results are inconsistent with the common explanation of the protection mechanism that the band alignment of GaN/NiO enables efficient hole-injection, thus preventing hole accumulation at the GaN surface that would lead to anodic photocorrosion. Interestingly, the morphology of the etch pits as well as further experiments involving the photodeposition of Ag indicate that photocorrosion of GaN photoanodes is related to reductive processes at threading dislocations. Therefore, it is concluded that the NiO layers block the transfer of photogenerated electrons from GaN to the electrolyte interface, which prevents the cathodic photocorrosion. © 2020 The Authors. Solar RRL published by Wiley-VCH Gmb
Phi Mesons from a Hadronic Fireball
Production of mesons is considered in the course of heavy-ion
collisions at SPS energies. We investigate the possible difference in momentum
distributions of mesons measured via their leptonic () and
hadronic () decays. Rescattering of secondary kaons in the dense hadron
gas together with the influence of in-medium kaon potential can lead to a
relative decrease of a yield observed in the hadronic channel. We
analyze how the in-medium modifications of meson properties affect apparent -
reconstructed momentum distributions of mesons. Quantitative results are
presented for central Pb+Pb collisions at .Comment: style Revtex4,9 pages, 5 figures. submitted to Phys. Rev.
Psychopathological networks:Theory, methods and practice
In recent years, network approaches to psychopathology have sparked much debate and have had a significant impact on how mental disorders are perceived in the field of clinical psychology. However, there are many important challenges in moving from theory to empirical research and clinical practice and vice versa. Therefore, in this article, we bring together different points of view on psychological networks by methodologists and clinicians to give a critical overview on these challenges, and to present an agenda for addressing these challenges. In contrast to previous reviews, we especially focus on methodological issues related to temporal networks. This includes topics such as selecting and assessing the quality of the nodes in the network, distinguishing between- and within-person effects in networks, relating items that are measured at different time scales, and dealing with changes in network structures. These issues are not only important for researchers using network models on empirical data, but also for clinicians, who are increasingly likely to encounter (person-specific) networks in the consulting room
The SINS/zC-SINF survey of z~2 galaxy kinematics: Outflow properties
Based on SINFONI Ha, [NII] and [SII] AO data of 30 z \sim 2 star-forming
galaxies (SFGs) from the SINS and zcSINF surveys, we find a strong correlation
of the Ha broad flux fraction with the star formation surface density of the
galaxy, with an apparent threshold for strong outflows occurring at 1 Msun
yr^-1 kpc^-2. Above this threshold, we find that SFGs with logm_\ast>10 have
similar or perhaps greater wind mass loading factors (eta = Mdotout/SFR) and
faster outflow velocities than lower mass SFGs. This trend suggests that the
majority of outflowing gas at z \sim 2 may derive from high-mass SFGs, and that
the z \sim 2 mass-metallicity relation is driven more by dilution of enriched
gas in the galaxy gas reservoir than by the efficiency of outflows. The mass
loading factor is also correlated with the SFR and inclination, such that more
star-forming and face-on galaxies launch more powerful outflows. For galaxies
that have evidence for strong outflows, we find that the broad emission is
spatially extended to at least the half-light radius (\sim a few kpc). We
propose that the observed threshold for strong outflows and the observed mass
loading of these winds can be explained by a simple model wherein break-out of
winds is governed by pressure balance in the disk. Using the ratio of the [SII]
doublet in a broad and narrow component, we find that outflowing gas has a
density of \sim10-100 cm^-3, significantly less than that of the star forming
gas (600 cm^-3).Comment: 7 pages, 3 figures, accepted by Ap
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