La conception collaborative avec les fournisseurs : proposition d'une méthode d'analyse par les dysfonctionnements

This thesis is focused on collaborative development of new products with suppliers. A method toanalyze failures linked to this type of development is proposed and enables to improve thispractice. This work is based on case studies carried out at Somfy Company, on interviews carriedout with 10 companies and on a quantitative study carried out with the University of Twente.From a literature review and our case studies, a list of failures is proposed followed by a failuresclassification in 5 classes following the customer/supplier collaboration lifecycle. Then, aquantitative impact analysis of the failures on the project performance via a survey is proposedto generalize the case studies’ results. The final result of this thesis is a risk analysis tool appliedto collaborative development with suppliers developed with Somfy and inspired by the FMEAapproach. This tool enables, at the beginning of a collaborative development project, to identifythe most critical potential failures in order to set up an adapted action plan.Ce travail de thèse a pour thème le co-développement de nouveau produit avec les fournisseurs.Nous proposons une méthode d’analyse des dysfonctionnements liés à ce type de conceptiondite « collaborative » qui permet d’en améliorer la pratique. Ce travail s’appuie sur des études decas réalisées au sein de l’entreprise Somfy, des interviews menées au sein de 10 entreprises etune étude quantitative menée avec l’Université de Twente. A partir de la littérature et des étudesde cas, nous proposons une liste des dysfonctionnements puis une classification de ces derniersen 5 classes selon le cycle de vie de la collaboration client/fournisseur. Puis, une analysequantitative d’impact des dysfonctionnements sur la performance projet via une enquête estproposée pour généraliser les résultats des études de cas. Le résultat final de cette thèse est unoutil d’analyse de risques en co-développement avec les fournisseurs développé avecl’entreprise Somfy et inspiré de la démarche AMDEC. Cet outil permet, en début de projet de codéveloppement,d’identifier les dysfonctionnements potentiels les plus critiques de façon àmettre en place un plan d’action adapté

Obesity Impact on the Attentional Cost for Controlling Posture

International audienceBACKGROUND: This study investigated the effects of obesity on attentional resources allocated to postural control in seating and unipedal standing. METHODS: Ten non obese adults (BMI = 22.4±1.3, age = 42.4±15.1) and 10 obese adult patients (BMI = 35.2±2.8, age = 46.2±19.6) maintained postural stability on a force platform in two postural tasks (seated and unipedal). The two postural tasks were performed (1) alone and (2) in a dual-task paradigm in combination with an auditory reaction time task (RT). Performing the RT task together with the postural one was supposed to require some attentional resources that allowed estimating the attentional cost of postural control. 4 trials were performed in each condition for a total of 16 trials. FINDINGS: (1) Whereas seated non obese and obese patients exhibited similar centre of foot pressure oscillations (CoP), in the unipedal stance only obese patients strongly increased their CoP sway in comparison to controls. (2) Whatever the postural task, the additional RT task did not affect postural stability. (3) Seated, RT did not differ between the two groups. (4) RT strongly increased between the two postural conditions in the obese patients only, suggesting that body schema and the use of internal models was altered with obesity. INTERPRETATION: Obese patients needed more attentional resources to control postural stability during unipedal stance than non obese participants. This was not the case in a more simple posture such as seating. To reduce the risk of fall as indicated by the critical values of CoP displacement, obese patients must dedicate a strong large part of their attentional resources to postural control, to the detriment of non-postural events. Obese patients were not able to easily perform multitasking as healthy adults do, reflecting weakened psycho-motor abilities

Motor neuroplasticity: A MEG-fMRI study of motor imagery and execution in healthy ageing

Age-related decline in motor function is associated with over-activation of the sensorimotor circuitry. Using a multimodal MEG-fMRI paradigm, we investigated whether this neural over-recruitment in old age would be related to changes in movement-related beta desynchronization (MRBD), a correlate of the inhibitory neurotransmitter γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and whether it would characterize compensatory recruitment or a reduction in neural specialization (dedifferentiation). We used MEG to assess age-related changes in beta band oscillations in primary motor cortices, fMRI to localize age-related changes in brain activity, and the Finger Configuration Task to measure task performance during overt and covert motor processing: motor execution (ME) and motor imagery (MI). The results are threefold: first, showing age-related neuroplasticity during ME of older adults, compared to young adults, as evidenced by increased MRBD in motor cortices and over-recruitment of sensorimotor areas; second, showing similar age-related neuroplastic changes during MI; and finally, showing signs of dedifferentiation during ME in older adults whose performance negatively correlated with connectivity to bilateral primary motor cortex. Together, these findings demonstrate that elevated MRBD levels, reflecting greater GABAergic inhibitory activity, and over-activation of the sensorimotor network during ME may not be compensatory, but rather might reflect an age-related decline of the quality of the underlying neural signal

Aging Affects the Mental Rotation of Left and Right Hands

BACKGROUND:Normal aging significantly influences motor and cognitive performance. Little is known about age-related changes in action simulation. Here, we investigated the influence of aging on implicit motor imagery. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS:Twenty young (mean age: 23.9+/-2.8 years) and nineteen elderly (mean age: 78.3+/-4.5 years) subjects, all right-handed, were required to determine the laterality of hands presented in various positions. To do so, they mentally rotated their hands to match them with the hand-stimuli. We showed that: (1) elderly subjects were affected in their ability to implicitly simulate movements of the upper limbs, especially those requiring the largest amplitude of displacement and/or with strong biomechanical constraints; (2) this decline was greater for movements of the non-dominant arm than of the dominant arm. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE:These results extend recent findings showing age-related alterations of the explicit side of motor imagery. They suggest that a general decline in action simulation occurs with normal aging, in particular for the non-dominant side of the body

The influence of early aging on eye movements during motor simulation

Movement based interventions such as imagery and action observation are used increasingly to support physical rehabilitation of adults during early aging. The efficacy of these more covert approaches is based on an intuitively appealing assumption that movement execution, imagery and observation share neural substrate; alteration of one influences directly the function of the other two. Using eye movement metrics this paper reports findings that question the congruency of the three conditions. The data reveal that simulating movement through imagery and action observation may offer older adults movement practice conditions that are not constrained by the age-related decline observed in physical conditions. In addition, the findings provide support for action observation as a more effective technique for movement reproduction in comparison to imagery. This concern for imagery was also seen in the less congruent temporal relationship in movement time between imagery and movement execution suggesting imagery inaccuracy in early aging

Measuring benefits of inter organisational collaborations and implementing necessary interface process

Ce travail de thèse a pour thème le co-développement de nouveau produit avec les fournisseurs.Nous proposons une méthode d’analyse des dysfonctionnements liés à ce type de conceptiondite « collaborative » qui permet d’en améliorer la pratique. Ce travail s’appuie sur des études decas réalisées au sein de l’entreprise Somfy, des interviews menées au sein de 10 entreprises etune étude quantitative menée avec l’Université de Twente. A partir de la littérature et des étudesde cas, nous proposons une liste des dysfonctionnements puis une classification de ces derniersen 5 classes selon le cycle de vie de la collaboration client/fournisseur. Puis, une analysequantitative d’impact des dysfonctionnements sur la performance projet via une enquête estproposée pour généraliser les résultats des études de cas. Le résultat final de cette thèse est unoutil d’analyse de risques en co-développement avec les fournisseurs développé avecl’entreprise Somfy et inspiré de la démarche AMDEC. Cet outil permet, en début de projet de codéveloppement,d’identifier les dysfonctionnements potentiels les plus critiques de façon àmettre en place un plan d’action adapté.This thesis is focused on collaborative development of new products with suppliers. A method toanalyze failures linked to this type of development is proposed and enables to improve thispractice. This work is based on case studies carried out at Somfy Company, on interviews carriedout with 10 companies and on a quantitative study carried out with the University of Twente.From a literature review and our case studies, a list of failures is proposed followed by a failuresclassification in 5 classes following the customer/supplier collaboration lifecycle. Then, aquantitative impact analysis of the failures on the project performance via a survey is proposedto generalize the case studies’ results. The final result of this thesis is a risk analysis tool appliedto collaborative development with suppliers developed with Somfy and inspired by the FMEAapproach. This tool enables, at the beginning of a collaborative development project, to identifythe most critical potential failures in order to set up an adapted action plan

Le diabète MODY chez l'enfant (état des lieux en Aquitaine)

BORDEAUX2-BU Santé (330632101) / SudocFORT-DE-FRANCE-CHRU-BU (972332102) / SudocPARIS-BIUM (751062103) / SudocSudocFranceF

Evaluating the failures criticatily in collaborative design with suppliers

International audienc

Collaborative glitches in Design chain : case study of an unsuccessful product development with a supplier.

International audienc