ESTABELECIMENTO IN VITRO DE ÁPICES CAULINARES DE SUMAÚMA (Ceiba pentandra L. Gaertn)

A sumaúma (Ceiba pentandra L. Gaertn) é uma espécie arbórea de grande importância para o setor florestal da Região Norte do Brasil. Apesar disso, ainda não existem relatos sobre o cultivo in vitro desta espécie. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo estabelecer um protocolo eficiente para assepsia e cultivo in vitro de ápices caulinares de sumaúma. Para isto foram avaliados os efeitos de diferentes agentes químicos (NaOCl, HgCl2 e AgNO3) para assepsia e estabelecimento in vitro de ápices caulinares. Diferentes tipos e concentrações de citocininas (BAP, CIN e TDZ) foram testados durante o enraizamento, alongamento e indução de brotos. Apesar das dificuldades usualmente associadas ao estabelecimento e cultivo in vitro de espécies arbóreas, os resultados obtidos não evidenciaram problemas na manipulação in vitro de sumaúma.The kapok tree (Ceiba pentandra L. Gaertn) is a forest species with high importance to the forest sector in North of Brazil. Despite of that, there are no reports about the in vitro culture of this species. The aim of this work was the development of a reliable protocol for disinfestation and in vitro culture of apical shoots of kapok tree. There were tested different chemical compounds (NaOCl, HgCl2 e AgNO3) for apical shoot disinfestation and in vitro establishment. Different types and concentrations of citokinins (BAP, CIN e TDZ) were tested during apical shoot rooting, elongation, and bud induction. Although forest species are normally considered difficult to establish and cultivated in vitro, the kapok tree did not show problems during in vitro manipulation

Pratos e mais pratos: louças domésticas, divisões culturais e limites sociais no Rio de Janeiro, século XIX

Reply to ten comments on a paper published in the last issue of this journal. The discussion follows along six main lines: History museums, identity, ideology and the category of nation; the need of material collections and their modalities: patrimonial, operational, virtual; theater versus laboratory; visitors and their ambiguities; Public History: the museum and the academy.Resposta aos comentários de dez especialistas que contribuíram no debate de texto publicado no último número desta revista. A discussão orientou-se segundo seis tópicos principais: museus históricos, identidade, ideologia e a categoria de nação; a necessidade de acervos materiais e suas modalidades: acervo patrimonial, operacional, virtual; teatro versus laboratório; o público e suas ambigüidades; História Pública: o museu e a Academia

Implementação da Metodologia 5’S num Setor de Manutenção de uma Indústria Cerâmica

A necessidade de qualquer empresa se adaptar às condições de mercado constitui uma constante e, se adicionarmos o fator globalização, torna-se um imperativo. Face a esta situação, são muitas as empresas que começam a abandonar os métodos de gestão, ditos “tradicionais”, e começam a perseguir novas metodologias, com destaque para o Lean Manufacturing. Neste contexto, assumindo-se como uma das ferramentas elementares da filosofia Lean, a Metodologia 5’S apresenta como primordial objetivo a eliminação do “desperdício”, em paralelo com a criação de um ambiente de trabalho mais organizado, limpo e seguro, contribuindo desta forma, para a otimização dos processos operacionais de uma empresa. A origem do termo “5’S”, fica a dever-se à letra inicial “S” de cinco palavras japonesas que dão o nome a cada uma das etapas da própria metodologia. São elas: Seiri (Classificação e Separação), Seiton (Organização), Seiso (Limpeza), Seiketsu (Estandardização), Shitsuke (Autodisciplina). Neste trabalho, será analisada a capacidade da metodologia 5’S em eliminar o desperdício numa empresa do setor cerâmico tomada como referência, bem como a eficácia da mesma, no estabelecimento de um local de trabalho mais eficiente, confortável, e seguro para os trabalhadores.ABSTRACT: The companies must adapt to business requirements constantly, mainly if the Globalization would be considered as factor. That is why so many companies are starting to follow the Lean Manufacturing philosophy instead of Management traditional methods. Based on this scenario, the main purpose of 5S methodology, classified as one of the most important lean manufacturing tools, is eliminate wasting while provide the work environment clean, organized and safe, in that way, providing operational process improvements. The origin of 5S is regarding to initial letter "s" of five Japanese words which represents every single step of the methodology, which are: Seiri (Classification and Split), Seiton (Organization), Seiso (Cleaning), Seiketsu (Standard) and Shitsuke (Selfdiscipline). During this project, it is going to be analyzed how the 5S methodology can affect in the wasting elimination in a ceramic company taken as a reference, and its efficiency as well to stablish one work environment more efficient, comfortable and safe for employees

Global variation in postoperative mortality and complications after cancer surgery: a multicentre, prospective cohort study in 82 countries

© 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 licenseBackground: 80% of individuals with cancer will require a surgical procedure, yet little comparative data exist on early outcomes in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared postoperative outcomes in breast, colorectal, and gastric cancer surgery in hospitals worldwide, focusing on the effect of disease stage and complications on postoperative mortality. Methods: This was a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of consecutive adult patients undergoing surgery for primary breast, colorectal, or gastric cancer requiring a skin incision done under general or neuraxial anaesthesia. The primary outcome was death or major complication within 30 days of surgery. Multilevel logistic regression determined relationships within three-level nested models of patients within hospitals and countries. Hospital-level infrastructure effects were explored with three-way mediation analyses. This study was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03471494. Findings: Between April 1, 2018, and Jan 31, 2019, we enrolled 15 958 patients from 428 hospitals in 82 countries (high income 9106 patients, 31 countries; upper-middle income 2721 patients, 23 countries; or lower-middle income 4131 patients, 28 countries). Patients in LMICs presented with more advanced disease compared with patients in high-income countries. 30-day mortality was higher for gastric cancer in low-income or lower-middle-income countries (adjusted odds ratio 3·72, 95% CI 1·70–8·16) and for colorectal cancer in low-income or lower-middle-income countries (4·59, 2·39–8·80) and upper-middle-income countries (2·06, 1·11–3·83). No difference in 30-day mortality was seen in breast cancer. The proportion of patients who died after a major complication was greatest in low-income or lower-middle-income countries (6·15, 3·26–11·59) and upper-middle-income countries (3·89, 2·08–7·29). Postoperative death after complications was partly explained by patient factors (60%) and partly by hospital or country (40%). The absence of consistently available postoperative care facilities was associated with seven to 10 more deaths per 100 major complications in LMICs. Cancer stage alone explained little of the early variation in mortality or postoperative complications. Interpretation: Higher levels of mortality after cancer surgery in LMICs was not fully explained by later presentation of disease. The capacity to rescue patients from surgical complications is a tangible opportunity for meaningful intervention. Early death after cancer surgery might be reduced by policies focusing on strengthening perioperative care systems to detect and intervene in common complications. Funding: National Institute for Health Research Global Health Research Unit

Effects of hospital facilities on patient outcomes after cancer surgery: an international, prospective, observational study

© 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 licenseBackground: Early death after cancer surgery is higher in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) compared with in high-income countries, yet the impact of facility characteristics on early postoperative outcomes is unknown. The aim of this study was to examine the association between hospital infrastructure, resource availability, and processes on early outcomes after cancer surgery worldwide. Methods: A multimethods analysis was performed as part of the GlobalSurg 3 study—a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study of patients who had surgery for breast, colorectal, or gastric cancer. The primary outcomes were 30-day mortality and 30-day major complication rates. Potentially beneficial hospital facilities were identified by variable selection to select those associated with 30-day mortality. Adjusted outcomes were determined using generalised estimating equations to account for patient characteristics and country-income group, with population stratification by hospital. Findings: Between April 1, 2018, and April 23, 2019, facility-level data were collected for 9685 patients across 238 hospitals in 66 countries (91 hospitals in 20 high-income countries; 57 hospitals in 19 upper-middle-income countries; and 90 hospitals in 27 low-income to lower-middle-income countries). The availability of five hospital facilities was inversely associated with mortality: ultrasound, CT scanner, critical care unit, opioid analgesia, and oncologist. After adjustment for case-mix and country income group, hospitals with three or fewer of these facilities (62 hospitals, 1294 patients) had higher mortality compared with those with four or five (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 3·85 [95% CI 2·58–5·75]; p<0·0001), with excess mortality predominantly explained by a limited capacity to rescue following the development of major complications (63·0% vs 82·7%; OR 0·35 [0·23–0·53]; p<0·0001). Across LMICs, improvements in hospital facilities would prevent one to three deaths for every 100 patients undergoing surgery for cancer. Interpretation: Hospitals with higher levels of infrastructure and resources have better outcomes after cancer surgery, independent of country income. Without urgent strengthening of hospital infrastructure and resources, the reductions in cancer-associated mortality associated with improved access will not be realised. Funding: National Institute for Health and Care Research