AI in marketing, consumer research and psychology: A systematic literature review and research agenda

This study is the first to provide an integrated view on the body of knowledge of artificial intelligence (AI) published in the marketing, consumer research, and psychology literature. By leveraging a systematic literature review using a data-driven approach and quantitative methodology (including bibliographic coupling), this study provides an overview of the emerging intellectual structure of AI research in the three bodies of literature examined. We identified eight topical clusters: (1) memory and computational logic; (2) decision making and cognitive processes; (3) neural networks; (4) machine learning and linguistic analysis; (5) social media and text mining; (6) social media content analytics; (7) technology acceptance and adoption; and (8) big data and robots. Furthermore, we identified a total of 412 theoretical lenses used in these studies with the most frequently used being: (1) the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology; (2) game theory; (3) theory of mind; (4) theory of planned behavior; (5) computational theories; (6) behavioral reasoning theory; (7) decision theories; and (8) evolutionary theory. Finally, we propose a research agenda to advance the scholarly debate on AI in the three literatures studied with an emphasis on cross-fertilization of theories used across fields, and neglected research topics

From CRM to social CRM: A bibliometric review and research agenda for consumer research

Contemporary perspectives on customer relationship management and the parent concept of customer management gathered momentum in the mid-1980 s and early 1990s. The advent of digital technologies, especially social media, have prompted a further evolution of the concept. As a result, today's CRM systems must consider new measures, such as customer engagement and advocacy. Consequently, organisations’ social CRM activities and investments have consistently increased in part underpinned by the increased usage of these technologies by consumers. Through a systematic literature review and bibliometric analysis, we identify three main themes in which research in this area has focused on: (1) CRM and impact on performance, (2) social media capabilities and CRM, and (3) CRM processes and strategic use. We also identify future research avenues in the field derived from our analysis of the literature, emphasising the implications for consumer research

A comparative analysis of Airbnb in London and Barcelona: The ethnographic research process and its discontents

Peer to peer (P2P) accommodation platforms like Airbnb or HomeAway have transformed not only the hospitality industry but they have also created wider economic change in other adjacent industries and in society in general. Because of this, many stakeholders are now trying to proactively shape the evolution of these platforms, as reflected by numerous actions by policymakers, industry representatives, media outlets and the public across the world. This paper reports on the authors’ experience conducting a comparative study over a period of one year and a half researching issues surrounding the sharing economy, by using Airbnb as a case study. The city-based case study (London and Barcelona) examines the experiences and views of relevant stakeholders in the Airbnb sphere: hosts, guests, Airbnb public policy managers, rental apartment companies, council representatives and other local authorities. The barriers and opportunities for ethical practice were also identified and reported according to the views of these stakeholders. Our main contribution is the identification of the challenges derived from conducting research of complex nature, as in the case of comparative studies in two international settings, focusing on a controversial phenomenon, in this case, the sharing economy platform Airbnb. We also reflect on some of the strategies that we used to overcome some of these challenges with the aim of supporting other researchers working in a similar context. By using participant observation, in-depth interviews and focus groups, this study gathers different perspectives on the complex topic of the operation of Airbnb in two European cities, London and Barcelona, that are also major tourist destinations

Switching the Spin State of Pentafluorophenylnitrene: Isolation of a Singlet Arylnitrene Complex

The chemistry of arylnitrenes is dominated by their triplet ground states and excited open-shell singlet states. This results in radical-type reactions and unwanted rearrangements, which diminish the use of arylnitrenes as intermediates in organic synthesis. While the closed-shell singlet states of arylnitrenes are expected to undergo useful chemical transformations (comparable to the closed-shell singlet states of carbenes), these states are too high in energy to be chemically accessible. When triplet pentafluorophenylnitrene is interacting with the Lewis acid BF₃ under the conditions of matrix isolation, a Lewis acid–base complex consisting of the closed-shell singlet state of the nitrene and two molecules of BF₃ is formed. Although the closed-shell singlet state of pentafluorophenylnitrene is calculated (CCSD­(T)) to lie more than 25 kcal/mol above its triplet ground state, the reaction with BF₃ results in switching the spin state from triplet to singlet. The formation of the singlet complex was monitored by IR, UV–vis, and EPR spectroscopy. DFT, CCSD­(T), and CASPT2 calculations confirm the experimental findings

Performance of yam microtubers from temporary immersion system in field conditions

The yam clones ´Pacala Duclos´ and ´Belep´ of Dioscorea alata were used to evaluate the performance of microtubers formed in temporary immersion systems (TIS) in field conditions. Previously sprouted microtubers with a fresh weight higher than 3.0 gFW were used while in vitro plants and tuber crowns from conventional propagation methods served as control. In both clones there were no significant differences in qualitative morphological characters between plants from microtubers and in vitro plants for all traits but both differed significantly from plants obtained from tuber crowns. The same trend was observed for number, length, diameter and fresh weight of tubers produced 36 weeks after field planting. The number of tubers formed per plant raised from microtubers doubled that raised from tuber crowns in both clones. Microtubers from temporary immersion systems can be grown on the field and used in original seed production programs.Key words: Microtuber, yam, field, temporary immersion system

The LMT Galaxies' 3 mm Spectroscopic Survey: First Results

The molecular phase of the interstellar medium (ISM) in galaxies offers fundamental insight for understanding star-formation processes and how stellar feedback affects the nuclear activity of certain galaxies. We present here Large Millimeter Telescope spectra obtained with the Redshift Search Receiver, a spectrograph that cover simultaneously the 3 mm band from 74 to 111 GHz with a spectral resolution of around 100 km/s. The observed galaxies that have been detected previously in HCN, have different degrees of nuclear activity, one normal galaxy (NGC 6946), the starburst prototype (M 82) and two ultraluminous infrared galaxies (ULIRGs, IRAS 17208-0014 and Mrk 231). We plotted our data in the HCO+/HCN vs. HCN/13CO diagnostic diagram finding that NGC 6946 and M 82 are located close to other normal galaxies; and that both IRAS 17208-0014 and Mrk 231 are close to the position of the well known ULIRG Arp 220 reported by Snell et al. (2011). We found that in Mrk 231 -- a galaxy with a well known active galactic nucleus -- the HCO+/HCN ratio is similar to the ratio observed in other normal galaxies.Comment: Proceedings to appear in "Massive Young Star Clusters Near and Far: From the Milky Way to Reionization", 2013 Guillermo Haro Conference. Eds. Y. D. Mayya, D. Rosa-Gonzalez, & E. Terlevich, INAOE and AMC. 5 pages, 1 figur

Exact symmetry breaking ground states for quantum spin chains

We introduce a family of spin-1/2 quantum chains, and show that their exact ground states break the rotational and translational symmetries of the original Hamiltonian. We also show how one can use projection to construct a spin-3/2 quantum chain with nearest neighbor interaction, whose exact ground states break the rotational symmetry of the Hamiltonian. Correlation functions of both models are determined in closed form. Although we confine ourselves to examples, the method can easily be adapted to encompass more general models.Comment: 4 pages, RevTex. 4 figures, minor changes, new reference

Travelling for Umrah:destination attributes, destination image, and post-travel intentions

This paper examines the links between cosmopolitanism, self-identity, and a desire for social interaction perceived destination image and behavioural intentions. A model tested using a sample of 538 Iranian visitors to Mecca for the purpose of Umrah. The result from the structural model suggests that destination attributes influence perceived destination image. Further, such tourists are likely to revisit or recommend Islamic destinations if their experience matches their perceived image of the destination. This implies that, while the religious characteristics of the destination remain important, destination managers cannot disregard the tangential, non-religious attributes of a destination which are crucial in order to satisfy more conventional tourist desires. As such, this study suggests that those managing religious travel destinations should endeavour to foster a welcoming image, where experience, interaction and tolerance are at the forefront of the destination’s offering

Reshaping the contexts of online customer engagement behavior via artificial intelligence: A conceptual framework

As new applications of artificial intelligence continue to emerge, there is an increasing interest to explore how this type of technology can improve automated service interactions between the firm and its customers. This paper aims to develop a conceptual framework that details how firms and customers can enhance the outcomes of firm-solicited and firm-unsolicited online customer engagement behaviors through the use of information processing systems enabled by artificial intelligence. By building on the metaphor of artificial intelligence systems as organisms and taking a Stimulus-Organism-Response theory perspective, this paper identifies different types of firm-solicited and firm-unsolicited online customer engagement behaviors that act as stimuli for artificial intelligence organisms to process customer-related information resulting in both artificial intelligence and human responses which, in turn, shape the contexts of future online customer engagement behaviors

Non-Gaussianity from Instant and Tachyonic Preheating

We study non-Gaussianity in two distinct models of preheating: instant and tachyonic. In instant preheating non-Gaussianity is sourced by the local terms generated through the coupled perturbations of the two scalar fields. We find that the non-Gaussianity parameter is given by $f_{NL}^{\phi}\sim 2g < O(1)$, where $g$ is a coupling constant, so that instant preheating is unlikely to be constrained by WMAP or Planck. In the case of tachyonic preheating non-Gaussianity arises solely from the instability of the tachyon matter and is found to be large. We find that for single field inflation the present WMAP data implies a bound $V_{0}^{1/4}/M_{P}\leq 10^{-4}$ on the scale of tachyonic instability. We argue that the tachyonic preheating limits are useful also for string-motivated inflationary models.Comment: 12 pages, 1 figure, additional discussion, improved constraint on the scale of tachyonic preheatin