CULTIVO DE FEIJOEIRO NO OUTONO/INVERNO ASSOCIADO À APLICAÇÃO DE BIOESTIMULANTE E ADUBO FOLIAR NA PRESENÇA E AUSENCIA DE IRRIGAÇÃO

The objective of this present study was to assess the efficacy on utilizing biostimulant and Calcium (Ca) and Boron (B) leaf sprays in different bean crop phenological stages in sandy soil, under irrigated and non-irrigated systems. Treatments utilized in this experiment received foliar biostimulant applications (0.9 g dm-3 kinetin: kitocynin-related; 0.5 g dm-3 giberelic acid: giberelin-related; and 0.5 g dm-3 indolbutiric acid: auxin-related) in doses of 0.75 dm3 ha-1 e de 3 dm3 ha-1 of a mixture of Calcium (10%) and Boron (2%). Applications were carried out during both V4 (third trifoliate leaf) and R5 (blooming) plant phenological stages, isolated or combined in areas with and without irrigation, except for the witness (treatment without irrigation and without spraying). Analyzing the results, it can be concluded that irrigation, because of the water deficit frequency that occurred in the northwest of Parana, is confirmed as a tool to promote productivity increased of the bean crop. The application of biostmulant and Ca + B, associated or not when sprayed at different phenological stages of the bean crop did not show improvement in culture performances.O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a eficiência da utilização de bioestimulante, cálcio (Ca) e boro (B) através de pulverização foliar em diferentes estádios fenológicos da cultura do feijoeiro cultivado em solo arenoso sob sistema irrigado e não irrigado. Os tratamentos utilizados receberam pulverizações foliares de bioestimulante (0,9 g dm-3 de cinetina: análogo da citocinina; 0,5 g dm-3 de ácido giberélico: análogo da giberelina; e 0,5 g dm-3 de ácido indol-butírico: análogo da auxina) na dose de 0,75 dm3 ha-1 e de 3 dm3 ha-1 de uma mistura de cálcio (10%) e boro (2%). As pulverizações foram efetuadas em dois estádios fenológicos da cultura, ou seja, V4 (emissão da terceira folha trifoliada) e R5 (aparecimento dos botões florais), de forma isolada ou combinada, em áreas com e sem irrigação, com exceção da testemunha (tratamento sem irrigação e pulverização). Analisando os resultados pode-se concluir que a irrigação, devido à freqüência de déficits hídricos que ocorreram na região Noroeste do Paraná, se confirma como uma ferramenta para promover o aumento de produtividade da cultura do feijoeiro. A aplicação de bioestimulante e Ca+B, associados ou não quando pulverizados em diferentes estádios fenológicos da cultura do feijoeiro não apresentou melhoria no desempenho da cultura

Energetic impact of drip irrigation on castor bean crop

Irrigation is a technique with high potential to increase crop yield, however, it is necessary to evaluate the energetic efficiency of irrigated agriculture. So, this study aimed at evaluating the irrigation impact on grain yield and energetic balance of two castor bean cultivars submitted to supplementary drip irrigation with different water depths. The experiment was conducted in a clayey Dystrophic Purple Latosol, in Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil. The experimental design was randomized blocks in a bifactorial scheme, with five water depths (0%, 25%, 50%, 100% and 150% of evapotranspiration for localized irrigation) and two castor bean cultivars (IAC 2028 and IAC 80), with four replications. The irrigation interval was of up to two irrigations per week, except for the days when rainfall occurred. Crop yield and the relation energy produced in the form of grains/energy used in cultivation were evaluated. It was concluded that the supplementary irrigation increased yield, as well as the relationship between energy production and consumption

Yield parameters and water productivity of tropical and overseeded winter forages

Intensive pasture exploitation with tropical forages is one of the most efficient forms ruminant production. However, the results depends on the knowledge about these forages and the experience in its management. The objective of this work was to evaluate water productivity (WP) and yield parameters of Megathyrsus maximum cv. Mombaça “Guinea grass” and Cynodon spp. “Bermuda grass”, in single culture and overseeded with oats + ryegrass in autumn/winter period. Irrigation management was done considering a depletion factor of 0.3 (70% of the humidity the field capacity). The experimental design was a randomized complete block design with four replications, in which the forages are the treatments with evaluation at the time of the cycles. For all evaluated parameters, the best results were obtained with the Guinea grass in exclusive cultivation. The TFP (Total Forage Productivity) of Guinea grass was superior to Bermuda grass (59.3 and 30.2 Mg ha-1, respectively), in accordance with its average LAI (Leaf area index) values of 4.8 and 2.5, respectively. The most efficient use of water occurred for Guinea grass in exclusive cultivation, and the intercropped crops did not present increases in the WP. In the autumn/winter period, the accumulated TFP of the exclusive crop of Guinea grass was higher than the other crops. However, the SDM of Bermuda grass was higher than the other crops. In winter, the highest LAI occurred in Guinea grass in exclusive cultivation, followed by the overseeded Guinea grass, 4.8 and 4.5, respectively. Consortia did not increase forage yield during the winter. The consortiums did not increase forage yield during the winter

HÍBRIDOS DE MILHO PIPOCA CULTIVADOS SOB DIFERENTES LÂMINAS DE IRRIGAÇÃO

A pesquisa agronômica do milho pipoca no Brasil ainda é muito incipiente, sobretudo no tocante a manejo da irrigação. Portanto, o objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar as características agronômicas, os componentes de produção, produtividade e capacidade de expansão de diferentes híbridos de milho pipoca, cultivados sob diferentes lâminas de irrigação, embasadas em variações de coeficientes de cultura, na região do arenito caiuá. O ensaio foi instalado no ano agrícola de 2007/2008 na Fazenda do Campus Regional de Umuarama, PR, pertencente à Universidade Estadual de Maringá. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados com quatro repetições instaladas no campo em esquema de parcelas subdivididas. As parcelas foram compostas por variações do coeficiente de cultura (Kc) seguindo os seguintes valores: 0 (testemunha), 0,8; 1 (referência); 1,2 e 1,4 Kc e as subparcelas pelos híbridos (Jade e IAC 125). As variáveis avaliadas foram: altura de plantas; altura de inserção da primeira espiga; diâmetro de espiga; comprimento de espiga; massa de cem grãos; produtividade e capacidade de expansão. Em relação aos caracteres analisados, o híbrido IAC 125, na presença de irrigação e na variação de Kc acima da referência para a cultura do milho, em geral, é mais responsivo. A prática da irrigação é um manejo válido para o bom desempenho da cultura do milho pipoca

INTRODUÇÃO ÀS POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS: RELATOS DE EXPERIÊNCIA SOBRE UM CURSO DE EXTENSÃO

Este artigo tem como objetivo relatar a experiência do curso de extensão “Políticas Públicas: Uma introdução ao tema” ofertado pelo Programa de Desenvolvimento Urbano e Regional (PDUR), junto ao Grupo de Pesquisa Sociologia e Políticas Sociais, ambos vinculados ao Departamento de Sociologia e ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Sociologia da Universidade Federal do Paraná. O curso de extensão atendeu a comunidade acadêmica e agentes públicos e sociais externos à Universidade, mas que lidam com o tema das políticas públicas, seja como tema de estudo ou na prática profissional, bem como em movimentos sociais. Tal relato tem como base a avaliação feita pelos alunos do curso, concluintes ou não, por meio de um formulário eletrônico respondido ao final do mesmo. Esta avaliação possibilitou uma reflexão sobre a experiência da extensão universitária, além de proposições e ajustes para uma futura segunda edição do curso. Foi possível, também, concluir que o curso contribuiu em grande medida para a formação acadêmica de alunos de graduação e pós-graduação da UFPR e de outras instituições, para a prática profissional de servidores da UFPR e de agentes públicos e sociais da comunidade externa, e, por fim, para a compreensão das políticas públicas em geral e seu papel em diferentes contextos políticos e econômicos da sociedade brasileira

Why Are Outcomes Different for Registry Patients Enrolled Prospectively and Retrospectively? Insights from the Global Anticoagulant Registry in the FIELD-Atrial Fibrillation (GARFIELD-AF).

Background: Retrospective and prospective observational studies are designed to reflect real-world evidence on clinical practice, but can yield conflicting results. The GARFIELD-AF Registry includes both methods of enrolment and allows analysis of differences in patient characteristics and outcomes that may result. Methods and Results: Patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and ≥1 risk factor for stroke at diagnosis of AF were recruited either retrospectively (n = 5069) or prospectively (n = 5501) from 19 countries and then followed prospectively. The retrospectively enrolled cohort comprised patients with established AF (for a least 6, and up to 24 months before enrolment), who were identified retrospectively (and baseline and partial follow-up data were collected from the emedical records) and then followed prospectively between 0-18 months (such that the total time of follow-up was 24 months; data collection Dec-2009 and Oct-2010). In the prospectively enrolled cohort, patients with newly diagnosed AF (≤6 weeks after diagnosis) were recruited between Mar-2010 and Oct-2011 and were followed for 24 months after enrolment. Differences between the cohorts were observed in clinical characteristics, including type of AF, stroke prevention strategies, and event rates. More patients in the retrospectively identified cohort received vitamin K antagonists (62.1% vs. 53.2%) and fewer received non-vitamin K oral anticoagulants (1.8% vs . 4.2%). All-cause mortality rates per 100 person-years during the prospective follow-up (starting the first study visit up to 1 year) were significantly lower in the retrospective than prospectively identified cohort (3.04 [95% CI 2.51 to 3.67] vs . 4.05 [95% CI 3.53 to 4.63]; p = 0.016). Conclusions: Interpretations of data from registries that aim to evaluate the characteristics and outcomes of patients with AF must take account of differences in registry design and the impact of recall bias and survivorship bias that is incurred with retrospective enrolment. Clinical Trial Registration: - URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov . Unique identifier for GARFIELD-AF (NCT01090362)

Effect of SGLT2 inhibitors on stroke and atrial fibrillation in diabetic kidney disease: Results from the CREDENCE trial and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Chronic kidney disease with reduced estimated glomerular filtration rate or elevated albuminuria increases risk for ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke. This study assessed the effects of sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) on stroke and atrial fibrillation/flutter (AF/AFL) from CREDENCE (Canagliflozin and Renal Events in Diabetes With Established Nephropathy Clinical Evaluation) and a meta-Analysis of large cardiovascular outcome trials (CVOTs) of SGLT2i in type 2 diabetes mellitus. METHODS: CREDENCE randomized 4401 participants with type 2 diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease to canagliflozin or placebo. Post hoc, we estimated effects on fatal or nonfatal stroke, stroke subtypes, and intermediate markers of stroke risk including AF/AFL. Stroke and AF/AFL data from 3 other completed large CVOTs and CREDENCE were pooled using random-effects meta-Analysis. RESULTS: In CREDENCE, 142 participants experienced a stroke during follow-up (10.9/1000 patient-years with canagliflozin, 14.2/1000 patient-years with placebo; hazard ratio [HR], 0.77 [95% CI, 0.55-1.08]). Effects by stroke subtypes were: ischemic (HR, 0.88 [95% CI, 0.61-1.28]; n=111), hemorrhagic (HR, 0.50 [95% CI, 0.19-1.32]; n=18), and undetermined (HR, 0.54 [95% CI, 0.20-1.46]; n=17). There was no clear effect on AF/AFL (HR, 0.76 [95% CI, 0.53-1.10]; n=115). The overall effects in the 4 CVOTs combined were: Total stroke (HRpooled, 0.96 [95% CI, 0.82-1.12]), ischemic stroke (HRpooled, 1.01 [95% CI, 0.89-1.14]), hemorrhagic stroke (HRpooled, 0.50 [95% CI, 0.30-0.83]), undetermined stroke (HRpooled, 0.86 [95% CI, 0.49-1.51]), and AF/AFL (HRpooled, 0.81 [95% CI, 0.71-0.93]). There was evidence that SGLT2i effects on total stroke varied by baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate (P=0.01), with protection in the lowest estimated glomerular filtration rate (45 mL/min/1.73 m2]) subgroup (HRpooled, 0.50 [95% CI, 0.31-0.79]). CONCLUSIONS: Although we found no clear effect of SGLT2i on total stroke in CREDENCE or across trials combined, there was some evidence of benefit in preventing hemorrhagic stroke and AF/AFL, as well as total stroke for those with lowest estimated glomerular filtration rate. Future research should focus on confirming these data and exploring potential mechanisms

Risk profiles and one-year outcomes of patients with newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation in India: Insights from the GARFIELD-AF Registry.

BACKGROUND: The Global Anticoagulant Registry in the FIELD-Atrial Fibrillation (GARFIELD-AF) is an ongoing prospective noninterventional registry, which is providing important information on the baseline characteristics, treatment patterns, and 1-year outcomes in patients with newly diagnosed non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). This report describes data from Indian patients recruited in this registry. METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 52,014 patients with newly diagnosed AF were enrolled globally; of these, 1388 patients were recruited from 26 sites within India (2012-2016). In India, the mean age was 65.8 years at diagnosis of NVAF. Hypertension was the most prevalent risk factor for AF, present in 68.5% of patients from India and in 76.3% of patients globally (P < 0.001). Diabetes and coronary artery disease (CAD) were prevalent in 36.2% and 28.1% of patients as compared with global prevalence of 22.2% and 21.6%, respectively (P < 0.001 for both). Antiplatelet therapy was the most common antithrombotic treatment in India. With increasing stroke risk, however, patients were more likely to receive oral anticoagulant therapy [mainly vitamin K antagonist (VKA)], but average international normalized ratio (INR) was lower among Indian patients [median INR value 1.6 (interquartile range {IQR}: 1.3-2.3) versus 2.3 (IQR 1.8-2.8) (P < 0.001)]. Compared with other countries, patients from India had markedly higher rates of all-cause mortality [7.68 per 100 person-years (95% confidence interval 6.32-9.35) vs 4.34 (4.16-4.53), P < 0.0001], while rates of stroke/systemic embolism and major bleeding were lower after 1 year of follow-up. CONCLUSION: Compared to previously published registries from India, the GARFIELD-AF registry describes clinical profiles and outcomes in Indian patients with AF of a different etiology. The registry data show that compared to the rest of the world, Indian AF patients are younger in age and have more diabetes and CAD. Patients with a higher stroke risk are more likely to receive anticoagulation therapy with VKA but are underdosed compared with the global average in the GARFIELD-AF. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION-URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01090362