Magnetic anisotropy of elongated thin ferromagnetic nano-islands for artifical spin ice arrays

The energetics of thin elongated ferromagnetic nano-islands is considered for some different shapes, aspect ratios, and applied magnetic field directions. These nano-island particles are important for artificial spin-ice materials. For low temperature, the magnetic internal energy of an individual particle is evaluated numerically as a function of the direction of a particle's net magnetization. This leads to estimations of effective anisotropy constants for (1) the easy axis along the particle's long direction, and (2) the hard axis along the particle's thin direction. A spin relaxation algorithm together with fast Fourier transform for the demagnetization field is used to solve the micromagnetics problem for a thin system. The magnetic hysteresis is also found. The results indicate some possibilities for controlling the equilibrium and dynamics in spin-ice materials by using different island geometries.Comment: 9 pages, two-column, 8 figure

First comprehensive assessment of industrial-era land heat uptake from multiple sources

The anthropogenically intensified greenhouse effect has caused a radiative imbalance at the top of the atmosphere during the industrial period. This, in turn, has led to an energy surplus in various components of the Earth system, with the ocean storing the largest part. The land contribution ranks second with the latest observational estimates based on borehole temperature profiles, which quantify the terrestrial energy surplus to be 6 % in the last 5 decades, whereas studies based on state-of-the-art climate models scale it down to 2 %. This underestimation stems from land surface models (LSMs) having a subsurface that is too shallow, which severely constrains the land heat uptake simulated by Earth system models (ESMs). A forced simulation of the last 2000 years with the Max Planck Institute ESM (MPI-ESM) using a deep LSM captures 4 times more heat than the standard shallow MPI-ESM simulations in the historical period, well above the estimates provided by other ESMs. However, deepening the LSM does not remarkably affect the simulated surface temperature. It is shown that the heat stored during the historical period by an ESM using a deep LSM component can be accurately estimated by considering the surface temperatures simulated by the ESM using a shallow LSM and propagating them with a standalone forward model. This result is used to derive estimates of land heat uptake using all available observational datasets, reanalysis products, and state-of-the-art ESM experiments. This approach yields values of 10.5–16.0 ZJ for 1971–2018, which are 12 %–42 % smaller than the latest borehole-based estimates (18.2 ZJ).</p

Políticas públicas para el fomento del emprendimiento: un análisis de las condiciones económicas del Municipio de Cotorra en el periodo 2008-2018

The objective of this research is to describe the main challenges facing public policies for the promotion of entrepreneurship in the municipality of Cotorra, located in the department of Córdoba (Colombia), developed from the national and local regulatory framework established by public administrations. The methodology used was descriptive and not experimental in the field, based on the review of public policies for the promotion of entrepreneurship applied to the regional, national and international context, as well as the application of semi-structured interviews to key informants of the ecosystem of entrepreneurship in the municipality of Cotorra. The results show how, although Colombia has one of the best regulatory frameworks among Latin American countries, there are weaknesses in essential elements for the promotion of a dynamic entrepreneurship. Specifically, it is necessary to make efforts in the factors of education and culture of entrepreneurship to promote greater socio-economic impact of public policies to promote entrepreneurship in Colombia, and especially in the municipality of Cotorra. Additionally, in the case of the municipality of Cotorra, there is evidence of the existence of little investment capital, limited strengthening of academic training and predominance of livelihood entrepreneurship.El objetivo de esta investigación es describir los principales desafíos que enfrentan las políticas públicas para el fomento del emprendimiento del municipio de Cotorra, ubicado en el departamento de Córdoba (Colombia), desarrolladas a partir del marco normativo nacional y local establecidas por las administraciones públicas. La metodología utilizada de fue de carácter descriptiva y no experimental de campo, basada en la revisión de las políticas públicas para el fomento del emprendimiento aplicadas al contexto regional, nacional e internacional, así como&nbsp; en la aplicación de entrevistas semiestructuradas a informantes claves del ecosistema de emprendimiento en el municipio de Cotorra. Los resultados evidencian como, a pesar de que Colombia posee uno de los mejores marcos normativos entre los países de América Latina, se registran debilidades en elementos esenciales para el fomento de un emprendimiento dinámico. En concreto, es necesario realizar esfuerzos en los factores de educación y cultura de emprendimiento para promover mayor impacto socio-económico de las políticas públicas de fomento al emprendimiento en Colombia, y especialmente en el municipio de Cotorra. Adicionalmente, en el caso del municipio de Cotorra, se evidencia la existencia de poco capital de inversión, limitado fortalecimiento de la formación académica y predominio del emprendimiento de sustento

Atas do III Congresso Internacional Envolvimento dos Alunos na Escola: Perspetivas da Psicologia e Educação - Inclusão e Diversidade

O III Congresso Internacional Envolvimento dos Alunos na Escola: Perspetivas da Psicologia e Educação — Inclusão e Diversidade (IIICIEAE) ocorreu no Instituto de Educação da Universidade de Lisboa (IEUL), nos dias 14, 15 e 16 de julho de 2019, organizado na sequência do “Projeto Envolvimento dos Alunos na Escola: Diferenciação e Promoção”, financiado pela Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT). O IIICIEAE constituiu-se como um fórum aberto a investigadores, professores e psicólogos de todo o mundo, para debater problemáticas do envolvimento e da inclusão e da diversidade dos alunos na escola, e em discutir teorias, métodos, práticas e implicações psico-educacionais. Dando continuidade à sua primeira edição (http://cieae.ie.ul.pt), o IIICIEAE teve como subtema a Inclusão e a Diversidade dos Alunos e constituiu-se como uma oportunidade para discutir trabalhos de investigação, teórica ou empírica, com especialistas da Educação, da Psicologia e de áreas afins. Foi um Congresso que, mais uma vez, adquiriu dimensão internacional, com elevado número de participantes de muitos países, com conferências de convidados nacionais e internacionais de elevado mérito científico. Para além dos trabalhos publicados neste Livro de Atas, apresentados no IIICIEAE, foi reunido um conjunto de outros estudos, no E-Book intitulado “Envolvimento dos Alunos na Escola: Perspetivas da Psicologia e Educação — Inclusão e Diversidade, também disponível no site do Instituto de Educação da Universidade de Lisboa.The III International Congress of Students Engagement in School: Perspectives of Psychology and Education – Inclusion and Diversity (IIICIEAE) took place at the Instituto de Educação of the Universidade de Lisboa (IEUL), on July 14th, 15th and 16th, 2019, organized following the Project “Students Engagement in School: Differentiation and Promotion", funded by the Foundation for Science and Technology Portugal (FCT). The IIICIEAE was constituted as an open forum designed for researchers, teachers and psychologists, from all over the world, concerned with debating students’ inclusion and engagement in school, discussing theories, methods, practices and psychoeducational repercussions. Continuing its first edition (http://cieae.ie.ul.pt/2013/), it had as subtheme, the Students Inclusion and Diversity, and constituted itself as an opportunity to discuss research works, theoretical or empirical, with experts and colleagues from education, psychology and proximate domains. It was a congress that, once again, has acquired an international dimension, with a high number of participants from many countries, with conferences from international and national guests of high scientific merit. In addition to the works published in this Book of Minutes, presented at the IIICIEAE, a series of other studies were gathered in the E-Book entitled “Envolvimento dos Alunos na Escola: Perspetivas da Psicologia e Educação – Inclusão e Diversidade”, also available on the website of the Instituto de Educação of the Universidade de Lisboa.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Stage-dependent biomarker changes in spinocerebellar ataxia type 3

Spinocerebellar ataxia type 3/Machado-Joseph disease is the most common autosomal dominant ataxia. In view of the development of targeted therapies, knowledge of early biomarker changes is needed. We analyzed cross-sectional data of 292 spinocerebellar ataxia type 3/Machado-Joseph disease mutation carriers. Blood concentrations of mutant ATXN3 were high before and after ataxia onset, whereas neurofilament light deviated from normal 13.3 years before onset. Pons and cerebellar white matter volumes decreased and deviated from normal 2.2 years and 0.6 years before ataxia onset. We propose a staging model of spinocerebellar ataxia type 3/Machado-Joseph disease that includes a biomarker stage characterized by objective indicators of neurodegeneration before ataxia onset. ANN NEUROL 2024;95:400-406T.K., M.S., L.S., J.I., and B.vdW. are members of the European Reference Network for Rare Neurological Diseases (ERN-RD, project number 739510). The ESMI consortium acknowledges Ruth Hossinger for the project management of the ESMI project and for all contributions made toward the success of this project. This publication is an outcome of ESMI, an EU Joint Program – Neurodegenerative Disease Research (JPND) project (see www.jpnd.eu). The project is supported through the following funding organisations under the aegis of JPND: Germany, Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF; funding codes 01ED1602A/B); Netherlands, The Netherlands Organization for Health Research and Development; Portugal, Fundaçao para a Ciência e Tecnologia (funding code JPCOFUND/ 0002/2015); United Kingdom, Medical Research Council (MR/N028767/1). This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement No. 643417. The Azores ESMI Network is currently supported by the Regional Government (Fundo Regional para a Ciência e a Tecnologia-FRCT), under the PRO-SCIENTIA program. At the USA sites, this work was in part supported by the National Ataxia Foundation and the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) grant R01NS080816. The Center for Magnetic Resonance Research is supported by the National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB) grant P41 EB027061, the Institutional Center Cores for Advanced Neuroimaging award P30 NS076408 and S10 OD017974 grant. T.K. received research support from the Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF), the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and Servier. J.F. received funding as a Fellow of the Hertie Network of Excellence in Clinical Neuroscience. M.R. is supported by FCT (CEECIND/03018/2018). B.vdW. received funding from ZonMw, NWO, Gossweiler Foundation, Brugling Fonds, Radboudumc, Hersenstichting, and Christina Foundation. C.O. received funding from NINDS #U01 NS104326; the National Ataxia Foundation; and Robert and Nancy Hall Brain Research Fund. J.S. is supported in part by the National Ataxia Foundation, the Raynor Cerebellum Project, and the MINDlink Foundation. J.J. received grant support from NIH and Friedrich’s Ataxia Research Alliance (FARA). A.T. received research grants from the University Medicine Essen Clinician Scientist Academy (UMEA)/Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, grant number: FU356/12-2). At the Portuguese sites, M.M.S. and L.P-A. received funding from European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), through the Centro 2020 Regional Operational Program, and through the COMPETE 2020 – Operational Program for Competitiveness and Internationalization; and Portuguese national funds via FCT – Fundaçao para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, under the projects: CENTRO-01-0145-FEDER-181240, 2022.06118.PTDC, UIDB/04539/2020, UIDP/04539/2020, LA/P/0058/2020, ViraVector (CENTRO-01-0145-FEDER-022095), Fighting Sars-CoV-2 (CENTRO-01-01D2-FEDER-000002), BDforMJD (CENTRO-01-0145-FEDER-181240 & 2022.06118.PTDC), ModelPolyQ2.0 (CENTRO-01-0145- FEDER-181258), and MJDEDIT (CENTRO-01-0145- FEDER-181266); ARDAT under the IMI2 JU Grant agreement No 945473 supported by the European Union’s H2020 program and EFPIA; by the American Portuguese Biomedical Research Fund (APBRF), National Ataxia Foundation, and the Richard Chin and Lily Lock Machado-Joseph Disease Research Fund. P.S. and M.M.P. were supported by FCT under the fellowship grant SFRH/BD/148451/2019, and 2019 and 2022.11089.BD. C.W. was supported by the Clinician Scientist Program of the Medical Faculty Tübingen (480-0-0). P.G. is supported by the National Institute for Health Research University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Center UCLH. P.G. also receives support from the North Thames CRN. P.G. and H.G-M work at University College London Hospitals/University College London, which receives a proportion of funding from the Department of Health’s National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Center’s funding scheme. P.G. received funding from the Medical Research Council (MR/N028767/1) and CureSCA3 in support of H.G-M’s work

Comparative study of the biochemical changes and volatile compound formations during the production of novel whey-based kefir beverages and traditional milk kefir

Cheese whey (CW) and deproteinised cheese whey (DCW) were investigated for their suitability as novel substrates for the production of kefir-like beverages. Lactose consumption, ethanol production, as well as organic acids and volatile compounds formation, were determined during CW and DCW fermentation by kefir grains and compared with values obtained during the production of traditional milk kefir. The results showed that kefir grains were able to utilise lactose from CW and DCW and produce similar amounts of ethanol (7.8–8.3 g/l), lactic acid (5.0 g/l) and acetic acid (0.7 g/l) to those obtained during milk fermentation. In addition, the concentration of higher alcohols (2-methyl-1-butanol, 3-methyl-1-butanol, 1-hexanol, 2-methyl-1-propanol, and 1-propanol), ester (ethyl acetate) and aldehyde (acetaldehyde) in cheese whey-based kefir and milk kefir beverages were also produced in similar amounts. Cheese whey and deproteinised cheese whey may therefore serve as substrates for the production of kefir-like beverages similar to milk kefir.The authors acknowledge the financial support from Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (CAPES), CAPES-GRICES and Lactogal for supplying cheese whey powder

Influence of Neospora caninum intra-specific variability in the outcome of infection in a pregnant BALB/c mouse model

Previous assays in pregnant animals have demonstrated the effect of different host factors and timing of infection on the outcome of neosporosis during pregnancy. However, the influence of Neospora caninum isolate itself has been poorly investigated. Here, we compared the effects on clinical outcome and vertical transmission observed in a pregnant mouse model following infection with 10 different N. caninum isolates. The isolates in our study included the Nc-Liv isolate and nine N. caninum isolates obtained from calves. Female BALB/c mice were inoculated with 2 × 106 tachyzoites at day 7 of pregnancy. Morbidity and mortality, in both dams and offspring during the course of infection, and transmission to progeny at day 30 postpartum were evaluated. The serum IgG1 and IgG2a production in dams were also examined. All dams showed elevated IgG1 and IgG2a responses, confirming N. caninum infection, although signs of disease were only exhibited in dams infected with 4 of the 10 isolates (Nc-Spain 4H, Nc-Spain 5H, Nc-Spain 7 and Nc-Liv). In neonates, clinical signs were observed in all N. caninum-infected groups, and neonatal mortality rates varied from greater than 95% with the isolates mentioned above to less than 32.5% with the other isolates. Vertical transmission rates, as assessed by parasite PCR-detection in neonate brains, also varied from 50% to 100% according to the isolate implicated. These results confirm the wide pathogenic and transmission variability of N. caninum. The intra-specific variability observed herein could help us explain the differences in the outcome of the infection in the natural host

Social inclusion in cultural participation: a systematic review

This work presents a systematic review aimed at addressing exclusion in cultural access, especially for socially and/or intellectually vulnerable groups, in order to contribute to social inclusion and active participation. It proposes to diagnose factors of exclusion in cultural access, reflect on inclusion models, understand the role of culture in restructuring identity and autonomy, and identify best practices in intellectual and social accessibility. An exhaustive search was conducted in the Web of Science and Scopus databases, delving into 37 selected studies. These studies were categorized into five areas of analysis: Access to culture for people with disabilities, Cultural policies and participation (barriers and facilitators), Health and/or well-being and cultural participation, Cultural diversity and participation, and Access to culture for all. The main conclusions of the work underscore the promotion of inclusive and accessibility policies as fundamental pillars for an equitable society, which have an impact on improving public health, well-being, and the construction of cultural identities

A taste sensor device for unmasking admixing of rancid or winey-vinegary olive oil to extra virgin olive oil

Electrochemical sensor devices have gathered great attention in food analysis namely for olive oil evaluation. The adulteration of extra-virgin olive oil with lower-grade olive oil is a common worldwide fraudulent practice, which detection is a challenging task. The potentiometric fingerprints recorded by lipid polymeric sensor membranes of an electronic tongue, together with linear discriminant analysis and simulated annealing meta-heuristic algorithm, enabled the detection of extra-virgin olive oil adulterated with olive oil for which an intense sensory defect could be perceived, specifically rancid or winey-vinegary negative sensations. The homemade designed taste device allowed the identification of admixing of extra-virgin olive oil with more than 2.5% or 5% of rancid or winey-vinegary olive oil, respectively. Predictive mean sensitivities of 84±4% or 92±4% and specificities of 79±6% or 93±3% were obtained for rancid or winey-vinegary adulterations, respectively, regarding an internal-validation procedure based on a repeated K-fold cross-validation variant (4 folds×10 repeats, ensuring that the dataset was forty times randomly split into 4 folds, leaving 25% of the data for validation purposes). This performance was satisfactory since, according to the legal physicochemical and sensory analysis, the intentionally adulterated olive oil with percentages of 2.510%, could still be commercialized as virgin olive oil. It could also be concluded that at a 5% significance level, the trained panelists could not distinguish extra-virgin olive oil samples from those adulterated with 2.5% of rancid olive oil or up to 5% of winey-vinegary olive oil. Thus, the electronic tongue proposed in this study can be foreseen as a practical and powerful tool to detect this kind of worldwide common fraudulent practice of high quality olive oil.This work was financially supported by Project POCI-01–0145FEDER-006984 – Associate Laboratory LSRE-LCM, Project UID/QUI/ 00616/2013 – CQ-VR, Project UID/BIO/04469/2013 – CEB and strategic project PEst-OE/AGR/UI0690/2014 – CIMO all funded by FEDER - Fundo Europeu de Desenvolvimento Regional through COMPETE2020 - Programa Operacional Competitividade e Internacionalização (POCI) – and by national funds through FCT - Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, Portugal. Nuno Rodrigues thanks FCT, POPH-QREN and FSE for the Ph.D. Grant (SFRH/BD/104038/2014). Souheib Oueslati is also grateful for the support of the Tunisian Ministry of Agriculture.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio