Improving intervention with the families in portuguese residential care: Evaluation of a training process with professionals

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O PAÍS INVISÍVEL: UMA ANÁLISE DO UNIVERSO DISTÓPICO DE A SEGUNDA PÁTRIA, DE MINGUEL SANCHES NETO

O presente artigo discorre sobre um gênero particular de distopia na literatura, isto é, a história alternativa: obras de ficção que reescrevem acontecimentos importantes do passado, narrando-os de forma divergente da historiografia, a fim de promover uma problematização da própria história que é reescrita, assim como das ideias que permeiam a sociedade no momento e lugar referidos. A partir da análise do romance A segunda pátria, de Miguel Sanches Neto (2015), busca-se identificar os elementos criticamente ressaltados pela narrativa, em especial no que se refere ao Brasil recriado nessa história alternativa, em como traços dele poderiam ser encontrados no outro Brasil que seguiu o curso real da história, permanecendo apenas não notados

Challenges and developments in research of the early stages of bipolar disorder

Recently, attention in the field of bipolar disorder (BD) has focused on prevention, including early detection and intervention, as these strategies have the potential to delay, lessen the severity, or even prevent full-blown episodes of BD. Although knowledge of the neurobiology of BD has advanced substantially in the last two decades, most research was conducted with chronic patients. The objective of this paper is to comprehensively review the literature regarding the early stages of BD, to explore recent discoveries on the neurobiology of these stages, and to discuss implications for research and clinical care. The following databases were searched: PubMed, PsycINFO, Cochrane Library, and SciELO. Articles published in English from inception to December 2015 were retrieved. Several research approaches were used, including examination of offspring studies, retrospective studies, prospective studies of clinical high-risk populations, and exploration of the progression after the first manic episode. Investigations with neuroimaging, cognition assessments, and biomarkers provide promising (although not definitive) evidence of alterations in the neural substrate during the at-risk stage. Research on BD should be expanded to encompass at-risk states and aligned with recent methodological progress in neuroscience

Insights into Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans consortia challenged by antimicrobials

Ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP), an usual nosocomial infection in the intensive care units and the most common in mechanically ventilated patients, is a serious problem due to high mortality and morbidity rates associated. The presence of the endotracheal tube is the principal risk factor for developing VAP because its surface is prone to microbial adhesion and the formation of biofilms, deserving thus high attention in clinical settings. Cell-to-cell communication is an important mechanism of interaction between VAP microorganisms, being involved in the process known as quorum-sensing (QS) that regulate the expression of virulence. To evaluate bacteria fungi cross-talk in co-infection, the biofilm-forming ability of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans, individually or jointly, before and after antibiotic and antifungal co-treatment was tested. Biofilms were characterized in terms of total mass and cell viability. Results showed that no antimicrobial combination was successful in the binary biofilms eradication. In some cases, the tolerance of the polymicrobial consortia was higher than that of single biofilms, highlighting that P. aeruginosa and C. albicans established synergistic relationships. To gain knowledge helping to explain those interactions, a quantitative real-time PCR approach was followed to inspect the expression profiles of some cell-cell communication genes involved in biofilm resistance. To overcome the tolerance issues, new antimicrobial combinatorial approaches using QS-inhibitors are being tested. Some combinations involving chlorogenic acid and ciprofloxacin displayed promising anti-biofilm potential

A preventive cytokine treatment of the viral infectious bursal disease (IBD) of chickens

Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is a viral disease of young chickens that produce severe lesions in the bursa of Fabricius and other organs inducing immunosuppression and mortality in birds. This study indicates that oral administration of IFN-α and IL-2 during 16 days produced a significant reduction in animals’ morbidity and mortality to IBD virus (IBDV) infection accompanied with a decrease in symptoms and bursal tissue damage. The treatment also increased body weight, not only in birds challenged with IBDV, but also in uninfected controls. Infected birds treated with cytokines presented the same bursal index and organs’ weight that controls; since untreated animals showed a significant decrease in these parameters. Finally, cytokine administration represents a new alternative to IBDV vaccination.Fil: Mattiello, Rosana. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; ArgentinaFil: D'Ambrosio, Elisa. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; ArgentinaFil: Wilda, Maximiliano. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología "Dr. César Milstein"; ArgentinaFil: Martínez Sayé, Melisa Soledad. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas; ArgentinaFil: Miranda, Mariana Reneé. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas; ArgentinaFil: Maure, Pablo. Centro de Inmunoterapia Veterinaria; ArgentinaFil: Pereira, Claudio Alejandro. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas; ArgentinaFil: Di Girolamo, Fabio Augusto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas; Argentina. Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina "Santa María de los Buenos Aires". Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; Argentin

Reflexos de uma Lógica Mercadológica no Ensino Superior

O presente trabalho visou problematizar as possibilidades e o lugar do docente de ensino superior dentro de um escopo de uma política voltada para uma racionalidade neoliberal, a qual prima por grande produtividade, desenvolvimento pessoal meritocrático, pela lógica da concorrência e da competitividade, bem como – em especial recorte deste artigo ao contexto acadêmico – na transformação das Instituições de Ensino Superior tomadas enquanto empresas, que devem responder às demandas e preceitos da gestão à qual são submetidas. Neste contexto, a formação do docente é amplamente atravessada pela ênfase na produção massiva de conteúdo acadêmico, em detrimento da formação didática e do incentivo ao pensamento crítico no ensino. Partindo do contexto histórico no qual a universidade se insere hoje, o presente artigo buscou discutir como as implicações da demanda mercadológica para a universidade recaem no exercício da docência, tendo como questão norteadora: os professores apresentam condições formativas para enfrentar as novas demandas que se impõe à universidade?

Clinical, Hematological, Blood Gasometric and Electrolytic Changes in Dogs Receiving Whole Blood Transfusions

Background: Blood transfusion is a tool capable of saving lives. Patients undergoing blood transfusion usually present several alterations in the acid-base and electrolyte balance, aggravating the condition of critically ill patients. Some studies have demonstrated haematological alterations in certain species that received whole blood transfusions, however, few studies have evaluated acid base and electrolyte changes in dogs undergoing whole blood haemotherapy. The aim of this study was to analyze clinical, hematological, blood gas and electrolyte changes in anemic dogs after whole blood transfusion.Materials, Methods & Results:Twenty nine dogs transfused due to anemia were enrolled in the study. Donors blood was collected in a transfusion bag containing citrate phosphate adenine dextrose and stored up to 24 h. Blood collections and evaluations were made before and 24 h after the transfusion. Data distribution normality was tested by the Shapiro Wilk Test. The means of the variables were compared by paired t-test. It was observed an increase in diastolic blood pressure and a reduction in heart rate (P 0.05) and ionized calcium (P > 0.05) and an increase in the mean partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) (P 0.05) and sodium (P < 0.05). The probable cause of anemia was monocytic ehrlichiosis (14/29), visceral leishmaniasis (1/29), babesiosis (1/29), co-infection of Ehrlichia canis and Leishmaniainfantum (2/19), co-infection of E. canis and Babesia vogeli (1/19). It was not possible to determine the etiology of the anemia in ten dogs. Discussion:Heart rate significantly reduced after transfusion, probably because of the increase in hematocrit, hemoglobin and erythrocyte values. It may be justified by the displacement of extravascular fluid to the intravascular space. Mean values of systolic blood pressure were slightly elevated before transfusion and remained elevated afterwards, while diastolic and mean arterial pressure increased significantly after transfusion. These changes may be due to the morbid condition and may be influenced by many other factors. Haematocrit, haemoglobin and erythrocyte values increased significantly after transfusion, according to what was observed in other studies. The significant reduction in pH and increase in pCO2 reflects the compensatory mechanism for metabolic acidosis to increase ventilation, leading to pCO2 reduction and changes in pH. The reduction in pH due to the contact of the collected blood with conservative solutions is one of the main changes thar occurs during blood storage. It was described significantly lower pH in dogs’ whole blood samples stored for more than 24h in vacutainer plastic containing CPDA-1. We may assume there was no intense pH reduction in the present study because the bags were stored for up to 24 h. Although not statistically significant, the increase of pO2 mean reflects the improvement of tissue oxygen perfusion. It was observed a significant increase in sodium ions. The mean sodium ionconcentration before transfusion was very close to the maximum reference value. Hyperkalaemia was not observed, nor was there significant reduction of potassium ions after transfusion. Several studies report hyperkalaemia and transfusion-associated cardiac arrests in humans, associated with infusion of large volumes of blood. Whole blood transfusion increased erythrogram values and did not negatively affect the electrolyte or acid-base status, representing a safe and useful tool in the intensive care of small animals.

Attenuated inflammatory response of monocyte-derived macrophage from patients with BD : a preliminary report

Background: Innate immune system dysfunction has been recognized as an important element in the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder (BD). We aimed to investigate whether there are differences in the response of macrophages derived from patients in the early stages and late stages of BD and healthy subjects. Methods: Human monocytes purified from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of patients with BD type I (n = 18)—further classified into early- and late stage BD patients according to their functioning- and from healthy individuals (n = 10) were differentiated into macrophages in vitro. Monocyte-derived macrophages (M) were exposed to IFNγ plus LPS-M(IFNγ + LPS)- or IL-4-M(IL-4)—to induce their polarization into the classical (also called M1) or alternative (also called M2) activation phenotypes, respectively; or either Mψ were not exposed to any stimuli characterizing the resting state (denominated M0). In vitro secretion of cytokines, such as IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α, was used as an index of macrophage activity. Results: M(IFNγ + LPS) from late-stage BD patients produced less amount of IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-10 when compared to early-stage BD patients and healthy controls. Following alternative activation, M(IL-4) derived from late-stage patients secreted less IL-6 compared to the other groups. TNFα was less secreted by all macrophage phenotypes derived from late-stage patients when compared to healthy controls only (p < 0.005). Mψ from late-stage patients exhibited lower production of IL-1β and IL-10 compared to macrophages from healthy subjects and early-stage patients respectively. Interestingly, cytokines secretion from M(IFNγ + LPS), M(IL-4) and Mψ were similar between early-stage patients and healthy controls. Conclusion: Our results suggest a progressive dysfunction in the response of peripheral innate immune cells of BD patients in the late stages of the illness. This failure in the regulation of the immune system function may be implicated in the multisystemic progression of BD