Relevância dos elementos estruturais para a estabilidade global de um edifício com laje convencional e com laje cogumelo

Monografia (graduação)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Tecnologia, Departamento de Engenharia Civil e Ambiental, 2015.O presente trabalho objetiva determinar a influência de parâmetro de projeto nos esforços de 2ª ordem em edifícios tipo torre, projetados na região de Brasília e entorno, e classificá-los quanto à sua relevância de sua contribuição na redução dos efeitos de segunda ordem nos esforços gerados nos pilares. Os parâmetros de análise serão a resistência do concreto, inércia dos pilares, rigidez de vigas e rigidez das caixas de elevador e escadas como núcleos centrais de rigidez do edifíci

The analysis of statistical graphs constructed by primary school teachers

Background: Statistical graphs are widely used in society and are important in presenting data related to different topics. Statistics education aims improve the teaching and learning of statistics, which include the approaches to statistics graphs. Objectives: This article analyses the construction of statistical graphs by in-service teachers and their reasons for choosing these graphs. Design: It was conducted an empirical study from a qualitative perspective which investigated teachers’ choices and constructions of statistical graphs. Setting and Participants: The participants were 22 primary school teachers from public schools located in Recife Metropolitan Area, Brazil. They expressed their intention to be interviewed when they responded to a questionnaire applied among a larger number of teachers. Data collection and analysis: The interviews were composed of two tasks comprised of statistical data in which participants had to choose a type of graph, justify the choice, and construct a graph of a chosen type. It was carried out a content analysis of speech protocols. Results: The reasons for participants’ choices seemed to be related to their familiarity with the type of graph, and they constructed graphs with high levels of complexity. Conclusions: The results of this study emphasised the importance of primary school teachers developing specific knowledge about graphs through pre-service and in-service elementary school teacher education. The results from this research study offer new questions concerning the construction and the choice for statistical graphs, which include the influence of new technologies and the use of textbooks

Avaliação in vitro da microinfiltração marginal usando diferentes materiais retrobturadores

The objective of this study was to evaluate the apical leakage of retrograde cavities filled with Portland Cement (Concrebrás S/A-MG-Brazil), ProRoot MTA TM (Dentsply International, Johnson City, TN, USA) and Sealapex (Kerr Corporation, Orange, California, USA) with addition of zinc oxide (Odahcam Herpo Produtos Dentários Ltda, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil). Forty-two extracted single-rooted human teeth were decoronated and used for this study. The root canals were instrumented at 1.0mm short of the apical foramen using the step-back technique to an apical ISO size 60. The roots were obturated with gutta-percha points and sealer Sealapex (Kerr Corporation-USA) and then 3mm of each root apex was sectioned at a 90° angle. Ultrasonic retrograde preparation was performed with a diamond tip to 3mm depth and the roots were randomly divided into 3 groups according to the filling material: G1-Portland, G2-ProRoot MTA, G3- Sealapex zinc oxide-added cement. The root surfaces were covered with nail varnish up to 2mm from the apical foramen, immersed in simulated tissue fluid for 30 days, and then immersed in 0.2% Rhodamine B solution for 24 hours for evaluation of marginal leakage. The results showed mean leakage of 0.75, 0.35 and 0.35 for groups 1, 2 and 3, respectively; however, Kruskal-Wallis test revealed that there was no statistically significant difference among the results (p>;0.05).Objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o selamento marginal de cavidades retroapicais obturadas com os cimentos Portland (Concrebrás S/A-MG-Brasil), MTA TM (Dentsply International, Johnson City, TN, EUA) e SealapexTM (Kerr Corporation, Orange, California, EUA) acrescido de óxido de zinco (Odahcam Herpo Produtos Dentários Ltda, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil). Foram utilizados 42 dentes unirradiculados humanos extraídos que, após a remoção de suas coroas, tiveram seus canais preparados a 1mm aquém do ápice radicular até o instrumento nº 60. Os canais foram obturados com cones de guta-percha e cimento SealapexTM e, em seguida, foi realizado o seccionamento de 3mm do ápice radicular em ângulo de 90º em relação ao longo eixo do dente. Foram preparadas cavidades retroapicais com ponta diamantada em ultrasom, a uma profundidade de 3mm, e as raízes foram divididas aleatoriamente em 3 grupos de acordo com o material retrobturador: G1- Portland, G2 - MTA, G3 - Sealapex acrescido de óxido de zinco. As raízes foram impermeabilizadas externamente e imersas em fluido tissular simulado por 30 dias. Em cada grupo, 2 dentes serviram como controle positivo (não impermeabilização) e negativo (total impermeabilização). Os espécimes foram imersos em corante Rhodamina B 0,2% por 24 horas para avaliação da infiltração marginal. Os cimentos Portland, SealapexTM + óxido de zinco e MTA apresentaram média de infiltração de 0,75; 0,35 e 0,35mm respectivamente, não havendo diferenças estatísticas significantes entre eles (p>;0,05)

Consideração sobre os teores de enzimas proteolíticas em bovinos alimentados com concentrados

During the fattening period (4 months) of 24 young bovines, male, Friesian, fed only concentrates, the behaviour of the levels of proteolytic enzymes was studied. The variation of the serical trypsin, chymotrypsin and amylase activity was observed, and it is probably due to the specifical effect of adaptation to the nutritions conditions. The serical trypsin activity was larger than the chymotrypsin’s. On the other hand, the behaviour of the enzymatic activity of trypsin and chymotrypsin in the feces decreased during the fattening. Small variations were observed in the groups of ponderal increment of the serical trypsin and amylase activities. By the method of gelatin digestion, the trypsin from the duodenal juice and feces presented total enzymatic activity up to the dilutions 1 : 4,0 and 1 : 1, respectively. By the colorimetric method the duodenal juice presented tryptical activity up to the dilution 1 : 200. Between the animals and the different groups of ponderal increment there were differences statistically significant for the values of serical trypsin, chymotrypsin and amylase. The mean values in terms of standard deviations were: serical trypsin 1,37 ± 0,066 mU/ml; trypsin in feces 0,39 ± 0,438 mU/ml; chymotrypsin 1,23 ± ± 0,064, mU/ml and serical amylase 154,61 ± 3,984 units.Estudou-se, durante o período de engorda (4 meses) em 24, bovinos jovens, machos inteiros da raça holandesa preto e branco, alimentados exclusivamente com concentrados, o comportamento dos teores de enzimas proteolíticas. Observou-se variação da atividade da tripsina, da quimotripsina e da amilase séricas, provavelmente devidas a um efeito específico de adaptação às condições alimentares. A atividade da tripsina sérica foi maior do que a da quimotripsina; por outro lado o comportamento da atividade enzimática da tripsina nas fezes e da quimotripsina sofreu ligeira queda durante a fase de engorda. Observaram-se pequenas oscilações nos diferentes grupos de incremento ponderai para as atividades da tripsina e da amilase séricas. Pelo método da digestão da gelatina, a tripsina do suco duodenal e das fezes, apresentou atividade enzimática total até a diluição de 1 : 40 e 1 : 1 respectivamente. O suco duodenal dosado pelo método colorimétrico apresentou atividade triptica até a diluição 1:200. Entre os animais e os diferentes grupos de incremento ponderai houve diferenças estatisticamente significantes para os valores da tripsina, quimotripsina e amilase séricas. Os valores médios em termos de desvio padrão da média foram: Tripsina sérica 1,37 ± 0,066 mU/ml; Tripsina nas fezes 0,39 ± 0,438 mU/ml; Quimotripsina 1,23 ± ± 0,064, mU/ml; Amilase sérica 154,61 ± ± 3,984 unidades

Transporte e mobilidade urbana

Incluye BibliografíaAs necessidades sociais e econômicas das pessoas requerem seu deslocamento no espa ço, que pode ser feito a pé ou por meio de veículos de transporte motorizados ou não motorizados. Em economias em desenvolvimento, como o Brasil, as pessoas que moram nas cidades realizam, em média, dois deslocamento por dia (média entre as que se deslocam e as que não se deslocam), valor correspondente à metade dos deslocamentos de pessoas em países desenvolvidos. Assim, em cidades grandes do Brasil com popula ção de 3 milhões de pessoas são realizados por dia 6 milhões de deslocamentos. Esses deslocamentos são feitos com maior ou menor nível de conforto conforme as condi ções específicas em que se realizam e implicam consumos de tempo, espa ço, energia e recursos financeiros e gera ção de externalidades negativas, como a polui ção do ar, os acidentes de trânsito e os congestionamentos. Em razão do intenso crescimento urbano no Brasil, a partir da década de 1960, muitas cidades – e regiões metropolitanas – passaram a apresentar sistemas de mobilidade de baixa qualidade e de alto custo, com impactos negativos na vida das pessoas e nos custos econômicos e ambientais para a sociedade. Assim, o estudo das condi ções efetivas de mobilidade (por extrato social), dos consumos e das externalidades a elas associadas, é fundamental para avaliar a qualidade da vida urbana no país e para identificar a ções de políticas públicas que possam reduzir os problemas e melhorar a qualidade geral de vida e a eficiência da movimenta ção de pessoas e mercadorias

Evidence of specialized resource exploitation by Modern Humans in Western Iberia associated to Pleistocene and Holocene extreme environmental conditions

Throughout prehistory, landscapes were repeatedly subjected to both global and localized climatic fluctuations that changed the regional environments where human groups lived. This instability demanded constant adaptation and, as a result, the functionality of some sites changed over time. In this light, the western coast of Iberia represents an exceptional case study due to the proximity between at least some oceanic cores and archaeological sites, which should facilitate an accurate reconstruction of the relationships between paleoenvironmental conditions and the coeval patterns of human behavior. This region, and in particular the valley of the River Lis, is marked by wide exposed plateaus cut by narrow and deep canyons. In this paper we present the stratigraphic, archaeometric, technological and archaeobotanical record of Poço Rock Shelter, located in one of these canyons, which hints at the human responses to such changes, and discuss the link between its Solutrean and Epipaleolithic occupations to specific activities. During the coldest part of the Last Glacial Maximum, we hypothesize that there was intensive exploitation of a chert outcrop above the roof to produce blades and Solutrean tips. Later, during Bond Event 6, after that outcrop had been exhausted, there was intensive consumption of shellfish gathered between the mouth of the canyon and the sea. We hypothesize that these strikingly different roles demonstrate how hunter-gatherers adapted to local conditions, and exploited specific resources, promising to provide a better understanding about its functional role during specific extreme climate events.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Perfusão tecidual pode ser utilizada para predição de mortalidade em unidade de terapia intensiva?

Objective: To compare the accuracy of tissue perfusion indicators with APACHE II for predicting mortality in the first 24 hours of hospitalization in an intensive care unit (ICU) in southern Brazil. Methods: A prospective cohort study. The evaluated variables were: hospitalization diagnosis, age, gender, surgical or non-surgical cases, APACHE II, tissue perfusion index (PI), serum lactate, central venous oxygen saturation (SvcO2) and arterial-venous carbon dioxide difference (ΔPCO2) in the first 24 hours of hospitalization. Participants were followed-up until the ICU outcomes of discharge or death. Results: A total of 126 subjects with a mean age of 62.2 ± 16.8 years having the main cause of cardiovascular hospitalization (37.3%) participated in the study. The variables which were related to death were only the greater age (p = 0.015), non-surgical cases (p = 0.001), higher APACHE II score (p = 0.001) and longer hospitalization time (p = 0.004). The study developed a prognostic evaluation model using non-surgical cases and SvcO2 <65%, which was more accurate for predicting ICU mortality when compared to APACHE II (area under the ROC curve 0.727 (95% CI) 0.616-0.838 versus 0.802 (95% CI 0.701-0.904). Conclusion: The analyzed tissue perfusion indicators were not statistically significant as predictors of mortality in the first 24 hours when analyzed independently in the study. The APACHE II score showed to be a good form of prognostic evaluation for the patients, as well as the model proposed in the present study for mortality prediction, presenting a higher reliability index and area under the ROC curve when compared to the APACHE II score.Objetivo: Comparar a acurácia para predição de mortalidade dos indicadores de perfusão tecidual e APACHE II nas primeiras 24 horas de internação em uma unidade de terapia intensiva (UTI) do sul do Brasil. Métodos: coorte prospectiva. Foram avaliados o diagnóstico de internação, idade, sexo, casos cirúrgicos ou não-cirúrgicos, APACHE II, índice de perfusão tecidual (IP), lactato sérico, saturação venosa central de oxigênio (SvcO2) e a diferença venosa-arterial de dióxido de carbono (ΔPCO2) nas primeiras 24 horas de internação. Os participantes foram acompanhados até o desfecho na UTI: alta ou óbito. Resultados: Participaram do estudo 126 indivíduos com média de idade de 62,2±16,8 anos e principal causa de internação cardiovascular (37,3%). As variáveis que estiverem relacionadas ao óbito foram apenas a maior idade (p=0,015), casos não-cirúrgicos (p=0,001), maior pontuação no APACHE II (p=0,001) e maior tempo de internação (p=0,004). O estudo elaborou um modelo de avaliação prognóstica utilizando os casos não-cirúrgicos e a SvcO2<65% que, quando comparado com o APACHE II, se mostrou mais acurado para previsão de mortalidade em UTI (área sob a curva ROC 0,727 (IC 95% 0,616 – 0,838 versus 0,802 (IC 95% 0,701 – 0,904). Conclusão: Os indicadores de perfusão tecidual analisados não apresentaram relevância estatística como preditores de mortalidade nas primeiras 24 horas quando analisados de forma independente no estudo. O escore APACHE II apresentou-se como uma boa forma de avaliação prognostica para os pacientes, assim como o modelo proposto no presente estudo para previsão de mortalidade, que quando comparado ao escore APACHE II, apresentou um índice de confiabilidade e uma área sob a curva ROC mais elevada

Hyoscine butylbromide for colorectal polyp detection: prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled trial

OBJECTIVES: The removal of pre-malignant colorectal lesions prevents cancer. Hyoscine has been proposed as a means of improving diagnosis by reducing colonic movements. The aim of this study was to analyze whether this anti-spasmodic enhances the detection of pre-malignant colorectal lesions. METHODS: In a randomized, double-blinded fashion patients received hyoscine or a saline solution in all consecutive colonoscopies in which the cecum was reached. Lesions were analysed with respect to number, size, location, histology and capillary pattern. RESULTS: A total of 440 colonoscopies were randomized. The overall polyp detection rate (PDR) and the adenoma detection rate (ADR) were 65.2% and 49.3%, respectively. In the hyoscine group, non-polypoid lesions were detected significantly more often (p=0.01). In the placebo group 281 lesions were diagnosed (202 adenomas) and in the hyoscine group 282 lesions were detected (189 adenomas) (p=0.23). The PDR and ADR were similar between the placebo and hyoscine groups (64% vs 66% and 50% vs 47%, respectively). No differences were observed between the two groups in the advanced-ADR or advanced neoplasia detection rate, as well the mean numbers of polyps, adenomas, advanced adenomas and advanced neoplasias detected per patient. The administration of hyoscine also did not improve the diagnostic accuracy of digital chromoendoscopy. The presence of adenomatous polyps in the right colon was detected significantly more frequently in the hyoscine group (OR 5.41 95% CI 2.7 - 11;

Development and Validation Dissolution Analytical Method of Nimesulide beta-Cyclodextrin 400 mg Tablet

The nimesulide (N-(4-nitro-2-phenoxyphenyl)methanesulfonamide) belongs to the class of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs and category II of the biopharmaceutical classification, The complexation of nimesulide with b-cyclodextrin is a pharmacological strategy to increase the solubility of the drug The objective of this study was to develop and validate an analytical methodology for dissolving the nimesulide beta-cyclodextrin 400 mg tablet and meets the guidelines of ANVISA for drug registration purposes. Once developed, the dissolution methodology was validated according to the RE of parameters no.  899/2003. In the development of the method it was noted that the duration of the dissolution test was 60 minutes, the volume and the most suitable dissolution medium was 900 mL of aqueous solution of sodium lauryl sulfate 1% (w/ v). It was also noted that rotation of 100 rpm and the paddle apparatus was the most appropriate to evaluate the dissolution of the drug. Spectrophotometric methodology was used to quantify the percentage of dissolved drug. The wavelength was 390 nm using the quantification. The validation of the methodology, system suitability parameters, specificity/selectivity, linearity, precision, accuracy and robustness were satisfactory and proved that the developed dissolution methodology was duly executed. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17807/orbital.v8i5.82