Extensão da vida à fadiga utilizando sobrecargas

Vários métodos experimentais têm sido propostos para aumentar a vida de fadiga através do retardamento da propagação das fendas, nomeadamente pela redução da intensidade de tensão na extremidade da fenda (preenchimento da fenda, aplicação de remendos compósitos, e reparação por soldadura), pela redução da concentração de tensões na extremidade da fenda (inserção de furos) ou pela introdução de tensões residuais de compressão. As tensões residuais de compressão podem ser geradas pela aplicação de sobrecargas, por shot peening, por aquecimento local, e pela inserção de furos na proximidade da fenda. A melhoria da vida de fadiga controlada por aplicação de uma sobrecarga no material junto da extremidade da fenda introduz um campo de tensões residuais de compressão, que pode aumentar significativamente a vida de fadiga de um componente. Em alguns casos, a aplicação de uma sobrecarga com carregamento subsequente de baixa amplitude pode mesmo parar a propagação da fenda. O presente trabalho foca-se no estudo do efeito de sobrecargas simples e múltiplas na extensão da vida de fadiga. Numa primeira fase, é desenvolvida e otimizada uma técnica automática tridimensional (3D) de crescimento de fenda de fadiga (FCG) baseada no método de elementos finitos (MEF). Depois, o efeito de sobrecargas no fecho de fenda induzido por plasticidade é obtido numericamente, considerando sobrecargas simples e periódicas, para estados planos de tensão e de deformação. Finalmente, os valores de fecho de fenda obtidos anteriormente são introduzidos nos modelos de propagação automática desenvolvidos previamente. As variações de vida de fadiga obtidas para as várias situações estudadas são comparadas com as vidas obtidas para amplitude constante. Neste trabalho, para além dos efeitos da aplicação de sobrecargas simples e múltiplas, estudam-se também os efeitos da intensidade da sobrecarga, do instante de aplicação da sobrecarga, da espessura da peça, e do material

O Corpo Ganha Lugar Na Educação Inclusiva: Um Olhar Para A Motricidade No Transtorno Do Espectro Do Autismo (TEA)

PEREIRA Elizabeth Rodrigues de Oliveira The body takes place in Inclusive Education a look at the Autism Spectrum Disorder Motor Skills 2020 Disserta o Mestrado em Educa o Cultura e Comunica o Faculdade de Educa o da Baixada Fluminense Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro Duque de Caxias 2020 This research concerns to Autism Spectrum Disorder ASD children and adolescents teaching-learning process Disorder ASD children and adolescents with emphasis on the student s potential and not what is lacking The main aims of this study are for analyzing the importance of motor skills for the ASD learner to develop as well as to discuss the inclusive perspective and to reflect on the traditional teaching method and on a teaching that treats the body in a perspective seen in a broader and less stereotyped language referring to Henri Wallon readings who guides the work with the human being in a global way Vigotski and the man s conception as someone who transforms and is transformed in relationships arising from a particular culture respecting and recognizing the differences and Michel Foucault regarding the discipline and docile bodies notion due to the fact that the school is compared to the barracks prisons hospitals because of employed hierarchy and normalizing sanction

A method for the extraction of phonetically-rich triphone sentences

A method is proposed for compiling a corpus of phonetically-rich triphone sentences; i.e., sentences with a high variety of triphones, distributed in a uniform fashion. Such a corpus is of interest for a wide range of contexts, from automatic speech recognition to speech therapy. We evaluated this method by building phonetically-rich corpora for Brazilian Portuguese. The data employed comes from Wikipedia’s dumps, which were converted into plain text, segmented and phonetically transcribed. The method consists of comparing the distance between the triphone distribution of the available sentences to na ideal uniform distribution, with equiprobable triphones. A greedy algorithm was implemented to recognize and evaluate the distance among sentences. A heuristic metric is proposed for pre-selecting sentences for the algorithm, in order to quicken its execution. The results show that, by applying the proposed metric, one can build corpora with more uniform triphone distributions

Global burden of 288 causes of death and life expectancy decomposition in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

BACKGROUND Regular, detailed reporting on population health by underlying cause of death is fundamental for public health decision making. Cause-specific estimates of mortality and the subsequent effects on life expectancy worldwide are valuable metrics to gauge progress in reducing mortality rates. These estimates are particularly important following large-scale mortality spikes, such as the COVID-19 pandemic. When systematically analysed, mortality rates and life expectancy allow comparisons of the consequences of causes of death globally and over time, providing a nuanced understanding of the effect of these causes on global populations. METHODS The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2021 cause-of-death analysis estimated mortality and years of life lost (YLLs) from 288 causes of death by age-sex-location-year in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations for each year from 1990 until 2021. The analysis used 56 604 data sources, including data from vital registration and verbal autopsy as well as surveys, censuses, surveillance systems, and cancer registries, among others. As with previous GBD rounds, cause-specific death rates for most causes were estimated using the Cause of Death Ensemble model-a modelling tool developed for GBD to assess the out-of-sample predictive validity of different statistical models and covariate permutations and combine those results to produce cause-specific mortality estimates-with alternative strategies adapted to model causes with insufficient data, substantial changes in reporting over the study period, or unusual epidemiology. YLLs were computed as the product of the number of deaths for each cause-age-sex-location-year and the standard life expectancy at each age. As part of the modelling process, uncertainty intervals (UIs) were generated using the 2·5th and 97·5th percentiles from a 1000-draw distribution for each metric. We decomposed life expectancy by cause of death, location, and year to show cause-specific effects on life expectancy from 1990 to 2021. We also used the coefficient of variation and the fraction of population affected by 90% of deaths to highlight concentrations of mortality. Findings are reported in counts and age-standardised rates. Methodological improvements for cause-of-death estimates in GBD 2021 include the expansion of under-5-years age group to include four new age groups, enhanced methods to account for stochastic variation of sparse data, and the inclusion of COVID-19 and other pandemic-related mortality-which includes excess mortality associated with the pandemic, excluding COVID-19, lower respiratory infections, measles, malaria, and pertussis. For this analysis, 199 new country-years of vital registration cause-of-death data, 5 country-years of surveillance data, 21 country-years of verbal autopsy data, and 94 country-years of other data types were added to those used in previous GBD rounds. FINDINGS The leading causes of age-standardised deaths globally were the same in 2019 as they were in 1990; in descending order, these were, ischaemic heart disease, stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and lower respiratory infections. In 2021, however, COVID-19 replaced stroke as the second-leading age-standardised cause of death, with 94·0 deaths (95% UI 89·2-100·0) per 100 000 population. The COVID-19 pandemic shifted the rankings of the leading five causes, lowering stroke to the third-leading and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease to the fourth-leading position. In 2021, the highest age-standardised death rates from COVID-19 occurred in sub-Saharan Africa (271·0 deaths [250·1-290·7] per 100 000 population) and Latin America and the Caribbean (195·4 deaths [182·1-211·4] per 100 000 population). The lowest age-standardised death rates from COVID-19 were in the high-income super-region (48·1 deaths [47·4-48·8] per 100 000 population) and southeast Asia, east Asia, and Oceania (23·2 deaths [16·3-37·2] per 100 000 population). Globally, life expectancy steadily improved between 1990 and 2019 for 18 of the 22 investigated causes. Decomposition of global and regional life expectancy showed the positive effect that reductions in deaths from enteric infections, lower respiratory infections, stroke, and neonatal deaths, among others have contributed to improved survival over the study period. However, a net reduction of 1·6 years occurred in global life expectancy between 2019 and 2021, primarily due to increased death rates from COVID-19 and other pandemic-related mortality. Life expectancy was highly variable between super-regions over the study period, with southeast Asia, east Asia, and Oceania gaining 8·3 years (6·7-9·9) overall, while having the smallest reduction in life expectancy due to COVID-19 (0·4 years). The largest reduction in life expectancy due to COVID-19 occurred in Latin America and the Caribbean (3·6 years). Additionally, 53 of the 288 causes of death were highly concentrated in locations with less than 50% of the global population as of 2021, and these causes of death became progressively more concentrated since 1990, when only 44 causes showed this pattern. The concentration phenomenon is discussed heuristically with respect to enteric and lower respiratory infections, malaria, HIV/AIDS, neonatal disorders, tuberculosis, and measles. INTERPRETATION Long-standing gains in life expectancy and reductions in many of the leading causes of death have been disrupted by the COVID-19 pandemic, the adverse effects of which were spread unevenly among populations. Despite the pandemic, there has been continued progress in combatting several notable causes of death, leading to improved global life expectancy over the study period. Each of the seven GBD super-regions showed an overall improvement from 1990 and 2021, obscuring the negative effect in the years of the pandemic. Additionally, our findings regarding regional variation in causes of death driving increases in life expectancy hold clear policy utility. Analyses of shifting mortality trends reveal that several causes, once widespread globally, are now increasingly concentrated geographically. These changes in mortality concentration, alongside further investigation of changing risks, interventions, and relevant policy, present an important opportunity to deepen our understanding of mortality-reduction strategies. Examining patterns in mortality concentration might reveal areas where successful public health interventions have been implemented. Translating these successes to locations where certain causes of death remain entrenched can inform policies that work to improve life expectancy for people everywhere. FUNDING Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation

Amnésia global transitória e endoscopia digestiva alta

Transient Global Amnesia (TGA) was described for the first time more than 100 years ago and is an amnesic syndrome of sudden onset and complete remission within 24 hours. During the episode the patient’s behavior is normal except for the repetitive questioning about his immediate circumstances. TGA may be associated with emotional experiences, pain, exercise, exposure to cold water and sexual intercourse. Minor diagnostic procedures precipitating TGA such as gastroscopy or colonoscopy have been reported. We present a patient who developed TGA after gastroscopy, a rare complication of this procedure

Mecanismos de avaliação institucional do atendimento socioeducativo

Este artigo apresenta a experiência desenvolvida na disciplina: “Vivência, Observação no CENSE e Síntese”, através do Curso de Especialização em Gestão de Centros de Socioeducação realizado em 2009/2010, na Universidade Estadual de Londrina ? UEL, como parte do programa estadual de capacitação dos servidores na área e operadores do Sistema de Garantia de Direitos da criança e do adolescente. Tem como escopo primordial compartilhar com os leitores algumas reflexões teóricas e empíricas acerca do processo de avaliação de unidades/programas de socioeducação, construídas a partir de vivências pessoais e profissionais. Apresenta como resultado desse processo de síntese, uma proposta de instrumento de avaliação institucional do atendimento socioeducativo para as unidades de meio aberto e meio fechado, construída a partir das categorias e indicadores de qualidade propostos no sistema de monitoramento e avaliação do SINASE.</p

Contextos de interação e sua inter-relação com o comportamento ecológico

A critical discussion on the human-environment interrelation is proposed by punctuating the context of interaction as a determinant aspect on the ecological behavior. The social and environmental determinants on that behavior are presented, as well as we show that the dialogue between the Bioecology Theory of Human Development and Environment Education’s paradigms is possible and can be helpful to the researcher. However, it is important for the researcher, as for the environment educators, to consider all determinants involved on the pro-environmental actions in order to seek an understanding to the interrelation between those determinants and the life context of the individuals and the meanings they attribute to nature. Those regards allow more veridical interpretations to be used for proposing interventions on the environment issue.http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1807-1384.2017v14n1p117Propõe-se uma reflexão crítica acerca da inter-relação humano-ambiental, pontuando o contexto de interação como um fator determinante para o comportamento ecológico. São apresentados os aspectos socioambientais que interferem no comportamento, além de mostrar que a interlocução entre os paradigmas que norteiam a Teoria da Bioecologia do Desenvolvimento humano e a Educação Ambiental é possível, e pode auxiliar o pesquisador durante sua investigação. Contudo, é importante que o pesquisador, e também os educadores ambientais, considerem todos os aspectos envolvidos nas ações pró-ambientais, procurando compreendê-los em inter-relação com o contexto de vida dos indivíduos e os significados que atribuem à natureza, para alcançar interpretações mais próximas de suas percepções, com vistas à proposição de intervenções sobre a questão ambiental. Se propone una reflexión crítica sobre la interrelación humano-ambiental, puntuando el contexto de interacción como un factor determinante para el comportamiento ecológico. Se presentan los aspectos socioambientales que interfieren en el comportamiento, además de mostrar que es posible el diálogo entre los paradigmas que orientan la Teoría de la Bioecología del Desarrollo Humano y la Educación Ambiental. Esa articulación puede ayudar al científico durante su investigación. Sin embargo, es importante que el investigador, y también los educadores ambientales, consideren todos los aspectos involucrados em las acciones proambientales, buscando comprenderlos en interrelación con el contexto de la vida de los individuos y los significados que atribuyen a la naturaleza, para lograr interpretaciones más cercanas a sus percepciones, con vistas a la proposición de intervenciones en el tema ambiental

Contextos de interação e sua inter-relação com o comportamento ecológico

Propõe-se uma reflexão crítica acerca da inter-relação humano-ambiental, pontuando o contexto de interação como um fator determinante para o comportamento ecológico. São apresentados os aspectos socioambientais que interferem no comportamento, além de mostrar que a interlocução entre os paradigmas que norteiam a Teoria da Bioecologia do Desenvolvimento humano e a Educação Ambiental é possível, e pode auxiliar o pesquisador durante sua investigação. Contudo, é importante que o pesquisador, e também os educadores ambientais, considerem todos os aspectos envolvidos nas ações pró-ambientais, procurando compreendê-los em inter-relação com o contexto de vida dos indivíduos e os significados que atribuem à natureza, para alcançar interpretações mais próximas de suas percepções, com vistas à proposição de intervenções sobre a questão ambiental

Relatório de divulgação dos resultados preliminares do projeto de investigação T-rELMA julho 2023

T-rELMA é um projeto exploratório, com a duração de 18 meses, iniciado em janeiro de 2022. É financiado pela Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT) e conta com uma equipa de investigação internacional composta por nove investigadores. Este relatório surge na sequência do seminário Turismo no Algarve: Sustentabilidade, Competitividade e Empreendedorismo, organizado conjuntamente pelas equipas dos projetos de investigação T-rELMA e IMPACTUR Algarve, na Escola Superior de Gestão, Hotelaria e Turismo da Universidade do Algarve, no dia 22 de junho de 2023.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio