Birth of a Photosynthetic Chassis: A MoClo Toolkit Enabling Synthetic Biology in the Microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii.

Microalgae are regarded as promising organisms to develop innovative concepts based on their photosynthetic capacity that offers more sustainable production than heterotrophic hosts. However, to realize their potential as green cell factories, a major challenge is to make microalgae easier to engineer. A promising approach for rapid and predictable genetic manipulation is to use standardized synthetic biology tools and workflows. To this end we have developed a Modular Cloning toolkit for the green microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. It is based on Golden Gate cloning with standard syntax, and comprises 119 openly distributed genetic parts, most of which have been functionally validated in several strains. It contains promoters, UTRs, terminators, tags, reporters, antibiotic resistance genes, and introns cloned in various positions to allow maximum modularity. The toolkit enables rapid building of engineered cells for both fundamental research and algal biotechnology. This work will make Chlamydomonas the next chassis for sustainable synthetic biology

Insights on the Hydrodynamics of Chiari Malformation.

International audienceBACKGROUND: We propose that the appearance of a ptosis of the cerebellar tonsils and syringomyelia is linked to its own hemohydrodynamic mechanisms. We aimed to quantify cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and cerebral blood flow to highlight how neurofluid is affected by Chiari malformations type 1(CMI) and its surgery. METHODS: We retrospectively included 21 adult patients with CMI who underwent pre- and postoperative phase contrast MRI (PCMRI) during the period from 2001 to 2017. We analyzed intraventricular CSF, subarachnoid spaces CSF, blood, and tonsils pulsatilities. RESULTS: In preoperative period, jugular venous drainage seems to be less preponderant in patients with syringomyelia than other patients (venous correction factor: 1.49 ± 0.4 vs. 1.19 ± 0.1, p = 0.05). After surgery, tonsils pulsatility decreased significantly (323 ± 175 μL/cardiac cycle (CC) vs. 194 ± 130 μL/CC, p = 0.008) and subarachnoid CSF pulsatility at the foramen magnum increased significantly (201 ± 124 μL/CC vs. 363 ± 231 μL/CC, p = 0.02). After surgery, we found a decrease in venous flow amplitude (5578 ± 2469 mm(3)/s vs. 4576 ± 2084 mm(3)/s, p = 0.008) and venous correction factor (1.98 ± 0.3 vs. 1.20 ± 0.3 mm(3)/s, p = 0.004). CONCLUSIONS: Phase-contrast MRI could be a useful additional tool for postoperative evaluation and follow-up, and is complementary to morphological imaging

Child victims of dog bites treated in emergency departments: A prospective survey

SCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

L'énergie à découvert

L'énergie est devenue une question vitale pour les sociétés, le citoyen, l'humanité tout entière. Sujet scientifique, économique, politique et écologique majeur, elle suscite des débats, parfois violents, sur les choix à faire aujourd'hui et leurs conséquences pour l'avenir des hommes et de la planète. Mais, alors que se tient le grand débat national sur la transition énergétique, comment se forger une opinion objective sans connaître les données scientifiques les plus complètes sur les potentiels et les limites de chaque source d'énergie ? Ce livre les met enfin à la disposition du public. L'énergie, qu'est-ce que c'est ? Quelles sont les grandes lois physiques qui la gouvernent ? Comment la produire, la transporter, la stocker ? Le solaire, la biomasse, l'éolien, l'hydraulique sont-ils des solutions alternatives suffisantes ? Et quelle part leur réserver à l'avenir ? Les nombreux articles de ce livre (près de 130) proposent au citoyen des outils pour se faire une opinion face à ces questions. Physiciens, chimistes, biologistes, géophysiciens, environnementalistes, géographes, économistes, y précisent, chiffres et schémas à l'appui, la place respective des énergies fossiles, du nucléaire et des énergies renouvelables. Au-delà, ils expliquent quelles sont les perspectives offertes par la science sur le mix énergétique, le problème du stockage, l'amélioration de nos usages de l'énergie, ses impacts environnementaux et sanitaires