Evaluación de la efectividad clínica y social de una unidad de dolor crónico

Tesis doctoral inédita leída en la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Cirugía. Fecha de lectura: 28-05-2018Esta tesis tiene embargado el acceso al texto completo hasta el 28-11-201

Enzimas lignocelulolíticas de basidiomicetos cultivados em biomassas vegetais oriundas da agroindústria do dendê e obtenção de açúcares fermentescíveis

Three vegetable residues from the palm oil industry were used as substrate for cultivation of different white rot fungi strains (basidiomycetes). The growth and production of lignocellulolytic enzymes were evaluated by solid and submerged fermentation. The enzymatic extracts obtained from fermentations were used in enzymatic hydrolysis process of pretreated sugarcane bagasse and oil palm empty bunch. Fifty-four macrofungal strains were cultivated in three formulations of oil palm biomass on Petri dishes, where 5 strains with faster and dense growth were chosen. These five macrofungal strains were cultivated in solid state fermentation and evaluated by the enzymatic activities of the extracts obtained. In these extracts, activities of laccase, peroxidase, manganese peroxidase and protease were found to be predominant. Three of the five strains were selected with predominance in oxidative activities on solid state fermentation cultures to be evaluated in submerged fermentation (monocultures) using synthetic medium supplemented with oil palm biomass. The enzymatic activities of the three basidiomycetes srtains were compared with five fungal strains frequently used in the literature. There were significant differences in function of the oxidative activities (laccase and peroxidases) and hydrolytic activities (PFase and β-glucosidases) among the tested strains. These differences were used to establish subgroups which were evaluated through the interaction in plates and cocultures in submerged fermentation. The enzymatic activities of the extracts obtained from monocultures and cocultures presented differences, with predominantly positive interactions between the three basidiomycetes and T. reesei ATCC® 60787. Monocultures and cocultures were compared as a function of the glucose release after the enzymatic hydrolysis of sugarcane bagasse pretreated by autohydrolysis. The enzymatic hydrolysis of the coculture extracts obtained higher percentages (maximum value 44.7%) when compared to monocultures. An analysis of simplex lattice mixtures was made using the monoculture extracts as components to obtain an enzymatic cocktail in order to optimize the glucose release of the pretreated sugarcane bagasse. The results showed that extracts with higher hydrolytic activities are correlated with the higher glucose release and extracts with oxidative enzymes can improve the sugar yield, thus having a mixture or cocktail characterized by hydrolytic and oxidative enzymes with the potential to obtain sugars. Finally, this cocktail was used in the hydrolysis of untreated, physically, biologically and biologically-physically (combined) pretreated oil palm empty bunch, obtaining a maximum yield of 11.8 gL-1 of glucose in the biomass of palm oil when pretreated biological-physically, which corresponded between 40-60% of the yield of the commercial enzymes Cellic® Ctec3 and Cellic® Ctec2.Três resíduos vegetais da agroindústria do dendê foram usados como substrato para o cultivo de distintas linhagens de fungos da podridão-branca (basidiomicetos). Foram avaliados o crescimento e produção de enzimas lignocelulolíticas por fermentação em estado sólido e submerso. Os extratos enzimáticos obtidos das fermentações foram utilizados no processo de hidrólise enzimática de bagaço de cana-de-açúcar e cacho vazio do dendê previamente pré-tratados. Um total de 54 linhagens de macrofungos foram cultivadas em três formulações de biomassa de dendê em placas Petri, onde foram escolhidas 5 linhagens com crescimento mais rápido e denso. Estas cinco linhagens de macrofungos foram cultivadas em fermentação em estado sólido e avaliados pelas atividades enzimáticas dos extratos obtidos. Nestes extratos, houve predominância das atividades de lacase, peroxidase, manganês peroxidase e protease. Das cinco linhagens foram selecionadas três linhagens com predominância nas atividades oxidativas nos cultivos em fermentação em estado sólido, para serem avaliadas em fermentação submersa (monocultivos) usando meio sintético suplementado com biomassa vegetal do dendê. As atividades enzimáticas das três espécies de basidiomicetos foram comparadas com cinco linhagens fúngicas usadas frequentemente na literatura. Houve diferenças significativas em função das atividades oxidativas (lacase e peroxidases) e hidrolíticas (FPase e β-glicosidases) entre as linhagens testadas. Estas diferenças foram usadas para estabelecer subgrupos, os quais foram avaliados através da interação em placa e cocultivos em fermentação submersa. As atividades enzimáticas dos extratos obtidos de monocultivos e cocultivos apresentaram diferenças com interações predominantemente positivas entre os três basidiomicetos e T. reesei ATCC® 60787. Os monocultivos e cocultivos foram comparados em função da liberação de glicose após da hidrólise enzimática de bagaço de cana-de-açúcar pré-tratado por autohidrólise. As hidrólises enzimáticas aplicando os extratos dos cocultivos obtiveram rendimento 44,7% superior quando comparadas com os monocultivos. Foi feita uma análise de misturas simplex lattice, usando como componentes os extratos dos monocultivos para a obtenção de um coquetel enzimático a fim de otimizar a liberação de glicose do bagaço de cana pré-tratado. Os resultados demostraram que os extratos com maiores atividades hidrolíticas estão correlacionadas com a maior liberação de glicose, e que os extratos com enzimas oxidativas podem melhorar o rendimento, tendo assim uma mistura ou coquetel caracterizado com enzimas hidrolíticas e oxidativas com potencial para obtenção de açúcares. Finalmente, este coquetel foi utilizado na hidrólise de cacho vazio de dendê pré-tratado fisicamente, biologicamente e biológica-físicamente (combinado) obtendo um rendimento máximo de 11,8 g.L-1 de glicose a partir de biomassa vegetal de dendê quando pré-tratada biológicafisicamente, o que correspondeu entre 40 - 60% do rendimento do rendimento obtido quando empregadas as enzimas comerciais Cellic® Ctec3 e Cellic® Ctec2

Una mirada a las interacciones y a la construcción de las redes sociales en tres jóvenes del sector rural

La pretensión es comprender las características que se presentan en las redes sociales de tres jóvenes del sector rural, de acuerdo al entorno en el cual interactúan, a través de espacios, objetos y enunciados que las interacciones y los vínculos afectivos se resignifican continuamente llevando a los y a las jóvenes del sector rural a evocar situaciones, a entender comportamientos y a interpretar acontecimientos que nutren el entorno sociocultural y socioafectivo del ser humano en general.Magíster en Psicología ComunitariaMaestrí

From Deficits in Emotional Intelligence to Eating Disorder Symptoms: A Sequential Path Analysis Approach Through Self-Esteem and Anxiety.

This research revealed that adults with higher levels of EI (compared to those with low EI) are more likely to have higher levels of self-esteem, which would lead to lower levels of anxiety, which in turn would lead to lower ED symptomatology. These findings open the door to future research concerning the role of emotional competences in ED symptoms; it might be fundamental to consider both levels of self-esteem and anxiety when working with adults who display both deficits in EI and ED symptoms. Also, this research supports the relevance of including training to improve EI skills, foster self-esteem, and reduce anxiety symptoms as a specific treatment for ED or even as additional components of the enhanced Cognitive-Behavioral TherapyPast studies have reported emotional intelligence (EI) as a relevant factor in development and maintenance of eating disorders (ED), as well as in increasing self-esteem and reducing anxiety. Similarly, research has showed that anxiety and self-esteem are positively and negatively associated to ED criteria, respectively. However, no prior studies have yet tested the multiple intervening roles of both self-esteem and anxiety as potential mediators of the association between EI and ED symptomatology. The present study aims to bridge these gaps by testing a sequential path model. Specifically, we examine the potential sequential mediation effects of self-esteem-anxiety on the link between EI and ED. A sample composed of 516 Spanish undergraduate students and community adults completed measures of EI, self-esteem, anxiety, and ED symptomatology. The results show that high levels of EI were positively associated with self-esteem and negatively associated with anxiety and ED symptoms. Anxiety was positively associated to ED symptoms, while self-esteem levels were negatively linked to ED symptoms. Moreover, path analyses showed that self-esteem and anxiety fully mediated the relationship between EI and ED symptoms in sequence. These findings suggest that EI plays a key role in reducing symptomatology of ED through increased self-esteem and reduced anxiety symptoms, providing novel evidence regarding psychological mechanisms through which EI contributes to a reduction of ED symptomatology. Implications for assessing and improving these psychological resources in ED preventive programs are discussed.Proyectos de investigación de la Universidad de Málaga, Junta de Andalucía/FEDER (UMA18-FEDERJA-147) y Grupo PAIDI CTS-1048 (Junta de Andalucía). El trabajo también fue apoyado por el Ministerio de Educación y Orientación vocacional (FPU16/02238)

A diagnosis of professor's CBI competences at the undergraduate English teaching program at Fundación Universitaria Colombo Internacional

This study aimed to identify the CBI competences of professors that teach subjects in English at an undergraduate English teaching program. It used an analytical-descriptive case study developed through focal groups, observations, surveys and tests. The study units were ten professors, 242 students and 23 subjects. The results suggest that most of the professors need opportunities to improve their CBI competences to be able to fulfill all the requirements that this approach have in terms of teacher development. The present study corroborates what literature shows in regards to the artificial separation of content and language objectives in traditional classes since it demonstrates how some professors that teach subjects in English in a teacher education program lack the necessary competences to consciously integrate content and language objectives. Therefore, a training development program should be carried out in order to improve pedagogical actions in the content classes taught in English.MaestríaMagister en la Enseñanza del Ingle

Influencia de la suplementación con creatina en diferentes deportes

En el presente trabajo se exponen diferentes investigaciones acerca del estado de cuestión de la influencia de la suplementación con creatina y cómo influye en el desarrollo físico de diferentes deportistas, según el deporte analizado. Se observan diferentes protocolos de suplementación así como diferentes métodos de evaluación. <br /

Alcohol use and family‑related factors among Spanish university students: the unHicos project

Background: During adolescence and youth there are relevant changes in the consolidation, gain or loss of consumption habits and lifestyles and the family factors has a fundamental role to development these habits. The study of the consumption of toxins, such as alcohol intake, is crucial at this stage due to the repercussions that said consumption presents in adulthood. Therefore, the objective of our study was to evaluate the associations between alcohol consumption patterns and related family factors (family functioning, family history of alcohol consumption) in Spanish university students. Methods: Observational, descriptive, cross-sectional, multicenter study, carried out in first-year university students from 11 Spanish universities. Through an online questionnaire, alcohol consumption (risky consumption and intensive consumption or binge drinking), family functioning and history of alcohol in the family were evaluated. Risky alcohol consumption and binge drinking were assessed using the AUDIT test, and family functioning was assessed using the family APGAR questionnaire. A descriptive analysis of the data was performed, as well as the Chi- Square test and Student’s T-Test, and non-conditional logistic regression models were carried out to examine this association. Results: The prevalence of risky alcohol consumption identified in the 10,167 respondents was 16.9% (95% CI = 16.2–17.6), and that of BD was 48.8% (95% CI = 47.9–48.8). There is a significant association between risky alcohol consumption and family functioning in students of both sexes, with greater consumption in the face of severe dysfunctional support (men OR = 1.72; p < 0.001 and women OR = 1.74; p < 0.001) and family history of consumption (p = 0.005). Regarding the binge drinking pattern, no statistically significant differences were observed. Conclusions: Risky alcohol consumption in university students is associated with dysfunctional family support, unlike the binge drinking pattern, where there is no such association. The findings of this study show the importance of creating prevention programs focused on the family approach in university students, which include alcohol screening in the population with a family history of this substance, and greater social support from health services.National Drug Plan, Ministry of Health, Social Services and Equality of Spain 2010|145 2013|034 PI16/0194

Juventud, desempleo, empelo precario y exclusión social

Juventud, desempleo, empelo precario y exclusi&oacute;n socia

Evaluación financiera de la empresa Sucesores De José Jesús Restrepo & Cia. S.A. Casa Luker S.A.

En el presente artículo se analiza financieramente la empresa Sucesores de Jose Joses Restrepo & Cia. S.A. Casa Luker S.A., la cual tiene “36 marcas, la mitad son propias y las otras son alianzas de distribución con Alianza Team, JGB y Ferrero Rocher” (González Bell, 2020) además contando con una eficiente logística para llegar a más de 100.000 tiendas que comercializan el amplio portafolio. Se evaluara la generación de valor durante los años 2016 al 2020 empleando diferentes indicadores y metodologías como el costo promedio ponderado de capital WACC por sus siglas en inglés (Weighted Average Cost of Capital), la rentabilidad del activo y por último el valor económico agregado EVA por sus siglas en inglés (Economic Value Added), para identificar si la empresa Casa Luker está generando o destruyendo valor, así mismo, se consultó la base de datos Emis University (2021) para extraer la tabla de compañías similares a CasaLuker en millones de pesos COP; se concluye que el EVA de Casa Luker en los últimos cuatro años ha sido positivo, debido a las alianzas comerciales y los altos volúmenes de ventas superando las presupuestadas desde el año 2018.Universidad Libre Seccional Pereira -- Facultad de Ciencias Económicas, Administrativas y Contables -- Especialización en Alta GerenciaIn this article, the company Sucesores de Jose Joses Restrepo & Cia. S.A. is financially analyzed. Casa luker SA, which has "36 brands, half of which are its own and the others are distribution alliances with Alianza Team, JGB and Ferrero Rocher" (González Bell, 2020), in addition to having efficient logistics to reach more than 100,000 stores that commercialize the wide portfolio. The financial structure will be evaluated during the years 2016 to 2020 using different indicators and methodologies such as the weighted average cost of capital WACC for its acronym in English (Weighted Average Cost of Capital) according to Villarreal (2005) “it is an approximation to the opportunity cost of the providers of project resources ”, the profitability of the asset ROA by its acronym in English (Return on Assets) according to Andrade (2020)“ is a profitability indicator that shows the level of efficiency with which the assets are managed ”, the which measures the economic profitability with the return rate produced by an economic benefit and finally the economic value added EVA for its acronym in English (Economic Value Added), to identify if the Casa Luker company is generating or destroying value, likewise, The Emis University database (2021) was consulted to extract the table of companies similar to CasaLuker in millions of COP pesos; It is concluded that the EVA of Casa Luker in the last four years has been positive, due to the commercial alliances and the high sales volumes exceeding those budgeted since 2016

La crónica deportiva: reflexiones de la práctica de un maestro en el proceso de formación de escritores desde el área de Educación Física

La presente investigación titulada “La crónica deportiva: Reflexiones de la práctica de un maestro en el proceso de formación de escritores desde el área de educación física.”, tiene como objetivo comprender las transformaciones que se generan en las prácticas de enseñanza del lenguaje, desde el área de educación física, a través de la implementación de una secuencia didáctica de enfoque comunicativo, orientada a la producción de crónicas deportivas, con un grupo de estudiantes de los grados 6° y 7° de la Institución Educativa Pablo Emilio Cardona de la ciudad de Pereira. La investigación es de enfoque cualitativo, con un diseño metodológico interpretativo. Los instrumentos para la recolección de la información son: la videograbación, el diario de campo y una rejilla para valorar las escrituras de los estudiantes..