Consumer Insights - Empathy Map

Dentro de las necesidades que más frecuentan los emprendedores y empresarios está el diseño de un producto: bien o servicio. El mapa de empatía es una herramienta que facilita el proceso para el diseño adecuado y ajustado del producto a las necesidades de los clientes determinando los puntos claves de diseño, utilidad y enfoque que se desea. En el presente documento se explica a profundidad su uso, su funcionalidad y cada uno de los aspectos a tener en cuenta cuando se diseña desde el punto de vista de consumidor.Among the needs that entrepreneurs and entrepreneurs most frequent is the design of a product: good or service. The empathy map is a tool that facilitates the process for the adequate and adjusted design of the product to the needs of the clients, determining the key points of design, utility and focus that are desired. This document explains in depth its use, its functionality and each of the aspects to take into account when designing from the consumer's point of view.Pregrad

Prototipo de un pluviógrafo digital de bajo costo que provee información de intensidades en tiempo real

119 p.Esta memoria corresponde a un proyecto aplicado de desarrollo de un sistema digital, en donde el resultado fue un prototipo de pluviógrafo digital de bajo costo y que es capaz de capturar, procesar y disponibilidad las mediciones ya procesadas, prácticamente en tiempo real, mediante una aplicación web. Este trabajo se centró en dar a conocer información de precipitaciones e intensidades para períodos menores a una hora, ya que estos en Chile son poco estudiados, debido a que la gran mayoría de instrumentos existentes, sean estos pluviómetros y pluviógrafos, son de tipo análogo, debiendo tener una constante asistencia para obtener las mediciones. Estos dispositivos por lo general son revisados y analizados una vez al día, a diferencia de este prototipo de tipo de digital, que realiza sus procesamientos cada 5 minutos y disponibilizándolos vía web inmediatamente. Dichos intervalos de interés, que contempla este prototipo, corresponden a 5, 15, 30 y 45 minutos, además de 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12 y 24 horas. Respecto a la reducción de los costos, se consiguió hacer una considerable reducción, en donde, comparando con un capturador de prestigiosa marca, se consiguió una reducción que bordea el 88%, margen bastante alto que nos permite invertir parte de ese ahorro en la posibilidad de mejorar el prototipo y que aún siga siendo más económico. Tal reducción económica permitirla una masificación de estos dispositivos, en donde diversas instituciones, tanto públicas como privadas, se embarquen en un gran proyecto de una red de pluviógrafos a lo largo del país, en donde se pueda contar con la información unificada y de una manera oportuna. Palabras claves: Pluviógrafo, curvas IDF, precipitaciones, ./ABSTRACT: This thesis is an applied development project of a digital system, where the result is a digital low cost rain gauge that is capable of capturing, processing and making available processed measurements in near real-time, via an web application. This work focused on providing information about rainfall and associated inten- sities for periods less than one hour, as these are not commonly studied in Chile, because the vast majority of existing instruments, whether pluviographs or rain gauges, are analogue and must have constant human interaction to obtain measure- ments. These devices are generally reviewed and analysed once daily, unlike the prototype digital type, which performs its processing every 5 minutes and makes available results immediately. These intervals of interest, which are included in this prototype, correspond to 5, 15, 30 and 45 minutes, in addition to 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12 and 24 hours. In regards to reduction of costs, it was possible to make a considerable reduction, where, comparing with a device from a prestigious brand, a reduction that borders on 88%, which is a pretty high margin that allows us to invest some of the saving on the possibility of improving the prototype while still remaining cheaper. Such an reduction in cost would allow mass production of these devices, where different institutions, both public and private, embark on a major project for a network of rain gauges throughout the country, where they can have the unified information, in a low response time. Keywords: Rain gauge, IDF curves, rainfalls, intensities

Gestión del talento humano y gestión administrativa en una empresa de construcción JJC Besalco S.A.C. Moquegua, 2022

La presente indagación sostuvo como objetivo determinar la correlación entre la gestión del talento humano y la gestión administrativa en la empresa de construcción JJC Besalco S.A.C. Moquegua, 2022; investigación básica, cuantitativa, correlacional, descriptiva, tuvo como diseño no experimental, con un enfoque transversal y cuya población muestra fue constituida por 109 colaboradores del consorcio jjc besalco a quienes se les aplico una encuesta virtual por cada variable, obteniendo como resultado que el coeficiente de correlación de la prueba (Rho) un +0.240 entre las variables de indagación, concluyendo así que, el talento humano y la gestión administrativa presentan relación directa, se corroboró con la significancia (p-valor=0.012) inferior a 0.05, en otros términos, existe relación directa entre la gestión del talento humano y la gestión administrativa en la empresa de construcción jjc besalco S.A.C. Moquegua, 2022

Effect of Terminal Groups of Dendrimers in the Complexation with Antisense Oligonucleotides and Cell Uptake

Indexación: Web of Science.Poly(amidoamine) dendrimers are the most recognized class of dendrimer. Amino-terminated (PAMAM-NH2) and hydroxyl-terminated (PAMAM-OH) dendrimers of generation 4 are widely used, since they are commercially available. Both have different properties, mainly based on their different overall charges at physiological pH. Currently, an important function of dendrimers as carriers of short single-stranded DNA has been applied. These molecules, known as antisense oligonucleotides (asODNs), are able to inhibit the expression of a target mRNA. Whereas PAMAM-NH2 dendrimers have shown to be able to transfect plasmid DNA, PAMAM-OH dendrimers have not shown the same successful results. However, little is known about their interaction with shorter and more flexible molecules such as asODNs. Due to several initiatives, the use of these neutral dendrimers as a scaffold to introduce other functional groups has been proposed. Because of its low cytotoxicity, it is relevant to understand the molecular phenomena involving these types of dendrimers. In this work, we studied the behavior of an antisense oligonucleotide in presence of both types of dendrimers using molecular dynamics simulations, in order to elucidate if they are able to form stable complexes. In this manner, we demonstrated at atomic level that PAMAM-NH2, unlike PAMAM-OH, could form a well-compacted complex with asODN, albeit PAMAM-OH can also establish stable interactions with the oligonucleotide. The biological activity of asODN in complex with PAMAM-NH2 dendrimer was also shown. Finally, we revealed that in contact with PAMAM-OH, asODN remains outside the cells as TIRF microscopy results showed, due to its poor interaction with this dendrimer and cell membranes.http://nanoscalereslett.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s11671-016-1260-

Técnica espectroscópica de absorción atómica para determinaciones en química ambiental

Heavy metals are of great interest in environmental chemistry, mainly due to the negative impact that these non-degradable elements have on the environment. The atomic absorption spectroscopic technique (AA) is one of the most used for the determination of metals. In this context, we focus on the quantitative determination of iron (Fe), lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn) using the Perkin Elmer AA200 equipment and the WinLab32 software. The validation of the analytical method used was carried out, verifying the parameters of linearity and detection limit, obtaining linearity for Fe up to 3 mg/l, for Pb up to 10 mg/l and for Zn up to 0.75 mg/l. The calculated detection limits were approximately 8, 25 and 2 ppb; respectively. It can be concluded that the technique used could be feasible for the determination of these heavy metals in surface water, rainwater collectors and canals in the province of Santa Cruz, as well as for analyzing metal content in water destined for human consumption, since the limits admissible by law environmental impact assessment of the province and the Argentine food code, are higher than those obtained.Los metales pesados son de gran interés en química ambiental debido, principalmente, al impacto negativo que presentan dichos elementos no degradables en el medio ambiente. La técnica espectroscópica de absorción atómica (AA) es una de las más utilizadas para la determinación de metales. En este contexto, nos enfocamos en la determinación cuantitativa de hierro (Fe), plomo (Pb) y zinc (Zn) haciendo uso del equipo Perkin Elmer AA200 y el software WinLab32. Se realizó la validación del método analítico utilizado, verificando los parámetros de linealidad y límite de detección, obteniendo para el Fe linealidad hasta 3 mg/l, para el Pb hasta 10 mg/l y para el Zn hasta 0,75 mg/l. Los límites de detección calculados fueron aproximadamente 8, 25 y 2 ppb; respectivamente. Se puede concluir que la técnica utilizada podría resultar factible para la determinación de estos metales pesados en aguas superficiales, colectoras pluviales y canales en la provincia de Santa Cruz, como así también para analizar contenido metálico en agua destinada al consumo humano, ya que los límites admisibles por la ley de evaluación de impacto ambiental de la provincia y el código alimentario argentino, son superiores a los obtenidos

Prevalencia de cicatrices retinocoroideas por Toxoplasma en una población del Paraguay

El objetivo del trabajo fue determinar la prevalencia de cicatrices retinianas por toxoplasmosis en la población adulta en el municipio de San Francisco de Atyra en Paraguay. Se examinó dicha población desde julio del 2013 hasta marzo 2014, con la participaron en forma voluntaria de 61 familias seleccionadas al azar y dentro de cada una de ellas un integrante mayor de 18 años igualmente seleccionado al azar. Se realizó la toma de la agudeza visual utilizando la cartilla de Snellen en cada ojo por separado a 6 metros del paciente, refracción automatizada, prueba refractiva, biomicroscopía en lámpara de hendidura con énfasis en la profundidad de la cámara anterior de forma inmediata se descartaron pacientes con cámaras anteriores pandas o estrechas (utilización de gonioscopio mirrow 4 mini), presión intraocular, instilación de Tropicamida 0,5%/Fenilefrina HCL 5% en cada ojo, evaluación del polo posterior en lámpara de hendidura con lente de 90D Superfield, oftalmoscopia indirecta con lente de 20D y fotografía en la cámara no midriática. El diagnóstico de toxoplasmosis ocular fue basado en criterios clínicos, y aspectos de la cicatriz de la lesión por retinocoroiditis. Recibieron evaluación oftalmológica 61 pacientes de los cuales 6 pacientes fueron excluidos. La prevalencia de cicatrices corioretininanas fue del 9,1%, siendo más frecuente en hombres sin predilección de edad ni de lateralidad ocular, con agudeza visual igual o mejor a 20/40 con su mejor corrección

Use of a gas-operated ventilator as a noninvasive bridging respiratory therapy in critically Ill COVID-19 patients in a middle-income country

During the COVID-19 pandemic, there was a notable undersupply of respiratory support devices, especially in low- and middle-income countries. As a result, many hospitals turned to alternative respiratory therapies, including the use of gas-operated ventilators (GOV). The aim of this study was to describe the use of GOV as a noninvasive bridging respiratory therapy in critically ill COVID-19 patients and to compare clinical outcomes achieved with this device to conventional respiratory therapies. Retrospective cohort analysis of critically ill COVID-19 patients during the first local wave of the pandemic. The final analysis included 204 patients grouped according to the type of respiratory therapy received in the first 24 h, as follows: conventional oxygen therapy (COT), n = 28 (14%); GOV, n = 72 (35%); noninvasive ventilation (NIV), n = 49 (24%); invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV), n = 55 (27%). In 72, GOV served as noninvasive bridging respiratory therapy in 42 (58%) of these patients. In the other 30 patients (42%), 20 (28%) presented clinical improvement and were discharged; 10 (14%) died. In the COT and GOV groups, 68% and 39%, respectively, progressed to intubation (P ≤ 0.001). Clinical outcomes in the GOV and NIV groups were similar (no statistically significant differences). GOV was successfully used as a noninvasive bridging respiratory therapy in more than half of patients. Clinical outcomes in the GOV group were comparable to those of the NIV group. These findings support the use of GOV as an emergency, noninvasive bridging respiratory therapy in medical crises when alternative approaches to the standard of care may be justifiable

Tau Protein is Associated with Longitudinal Memory Decline in Cognitively Healthy Subjects with Normal Alzheimer's Disease Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarker Levels

Background: We investigated a sample of cognitively healthy subjects with normal Alzheimer's disease (AD) cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarker levels to identify the earliest variables related to longitudinal memory changes. Objective: Employing a new highly demanding learning and memory test (the Ancient Farming Equipment Test; AFE-T), we aimed to investigate whether a biomarker related to neurodegeneration (i.e., CSF tau) was associated with longitudinal memory decline. Methods: Thirty-two cognitively and biologically normal (CBN) subjects underwent MRI, neuropsychological assessment, and the AFE-T at baseline and 18 months later. To explore the relationship between cognitive performance and relevant factors, a linear model was set up. For a secondary analysis that further explore the effect of tau, the subjects were divided into CBN-Tau↓ (tau  228.64 pg/ml; n = 16). We also performed voxel-based morphometry (VBM) to identify regions of grey matter volume that would predict both baseline and longitudinal cognitive performance. Results: Our main finding was an association between CSF tau and longitudinal memory decline measured with AFE-T (B = -0.17, p < 0.05; r = -0.414; p < 0.01), and further analyses showed different evolvement between subgroups, with an accelerated decline in individuals with higher tau (F(1,31) = 8.37; p < 0.01). VBM results suggested that AFE-T performance is related to grey matter volume in a medial temporal, middle frontal, and posterior cerebellar network at baseline, and that there are strategic brain areas driving the longitudinal cognitive changes. Conclusions: The present findings provide evidence for structural and biological markers linked to cognitive aging by highlighting the role of tau, a marker of neurodegeneration, which can be related with the earliest memory changes in healthy subjects

Sostenibilidad en la cadena de valor : informe del laboratorio empresarial CESA 2020-1

En este informe del Laboratorio Empresarial, un grupo de estudiantes seleccionados por sus habilidades académicas y curiosidad se reúne para abordar temas relevantes en el entorno administrativo colombiano. Su objetivo es encontrar respuestas y proponer soluciones efectivas. Se centran en dos evidencias clave en el entorno empresarial actual: la importancia de la sostenibilidad y la necesidad de transformar las cadenas de valor para mejorar los aspectos empresariales, ambientales y sociales, que en última instancia están interconectados y moldean nuestro mundo

Biogenic factors explain soil carbon in paired urban and natural ecosystems worldwide

12 páginas.- 4 figuras.- 49 referencia.- Supplementary information The online version contains supplementary material available at https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-023-01646-z .- Full-text access to a view-only version (Acceso a texto completo de sólo lectura en este enlace) https://rdcu.be/c8vZiUrban greenspaces support multiple nature-based services, many of which depend on the amount of soil carbon (C). Yet, the environmental drivers of soil C and its sensitivity to warming are still poorly understood globally. Here we use soil samples from 56 paired urban greenspaces and natural ecosystems worldwide and combine soil C concentration and size fractionation measures with metagenomics and warming incubations. We show that surface soils in urban and natural ecosystems sustain similar C concentrations that follow comparable negative relationships with temperature. Plant productivity’s contribution to explaining soil C was higher in natural ecosystems, while in urban ecosystems, the soil microbial biomass had the greatest explanatory power. Moreover, the soil microbiome supported a faster C mineralization rate with experimental warming in urban greenspaces compared with natural ecosystems. Consequently, urban management strategies should consider the soil microbiome to maintain soil C and related ecosystem services.This study was supported by a 2019 Leonardo Grant for Researchers and Cultural Creators, BBVA Foundation (URBANFUN), and by BES Grant Agreement No. LRB17\1019 (MUSGONET). M.D-B., P.G-P., J.D. and A.R. acknowledge support from TED2021-130908B-C41/AEI/10.13039/501100011033/ Unión Europea NextGenerationEU/PRTR. M.D.-B. also acknowledges support from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation for the I + D + i project PID2020-115813RA-I00 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033. M.D.-B. was also supported by a project of the Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER) and the Consejería de Transformación Económica, Industria, Conocimiento y Universidades of the Junta de Andalucía (FEDER Andalucía 2014-2020 Objetivo temático ‘01 - Refuerzo de la investigación, el desarrollo tecnológico y la innovación’) associated with the research project P20_00879 (ANDABIOMA). D.J.E. was supported by the Hermon Slade Foundation. J.P.V. thanks the Science and Engineering Research Board (SERB) (EEQ/2021/001083, SIR/2022/000626) and the Department of Science and Technology (DST), India (DST/INT/SL/P-31/2021) and Banaras Hindu Univeristy-IoE (6031)-incentive grant for financial assistance for research in plant-microbe interaction and soil microbiome. J.D. and A. Rodríguez acknowledge support from the FCT (2020.03670.CEECIND and SFRH/BDP/108913/2015, respectively), as well as from the MCTES, FSE, UE and the CFE (UIDB/04004/2021) research unit financed by FCT/MCTES through national funds (PIDDAC).Peer reviewe