Four-neutrino oscillations at SNO

We discuss the potential of the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory (SNO) to constrain the four-neutrino mixing schemes favored by the results of all neutrino oscillations experiments. These schemes allow simultaneous transitions of solar {\ensuremath{\nu}}_{e}'s into active {\ensuremath{\nu}}_{\ensuremath{\mu}}'s, {\ensuremath{\nu}}_{\ensuremath{\tau}}'s, and sterile {\ensuremath{\nu}}_{s} controlled by the additional parameter {\mathrm{cos}}^{2}({\ensuremath{\vartheta}}_{23}){\mathrm{cos}}^{2}({\ensuremath{\vartheta}}_{24}) and they contain as limiting cases the pure {\ensuremath{\nu}}_{e}-active and {\ensuremath{\nu}}_{e}-sterile neutrino oscillations. We first obtain the solutions allowed by the existing data in the framework of the BBP00 standard solar model and quantify the corresponding predictions for the charged current and the neutral current to charged current (NC/CC) event ratios at SNO in the different allowed regions as a function of the active-sterile admixture. Our results show that some information on the value of {\mathrm{cos}}^{2}({\ensuremath{\vartheta}}_{23}){\mathrm{cos}}^{2}({\ensuremath{\vartheta}}_{24}) can be obtained by the first SNO measurement of the CC ratio, while considerable improvement on the knowledge of this mixing will be achievable after the measurement of the NC/CC ratio

Solar and atmospheric four-neutrino oscillations

We present an analysis of the neutrino oscillation solutions of the solar and atmospheric neutrino problems in the framework of four-neutrino mixing where a sterile neutrino is added to the three standard ones and the mass spectra presents two separated doublets. Such scenarios allow for simultaneous transitions of solar $\nu_e$, as well as atmospheric $\nu_\mu$, into active and sterile neutrinos controlled by the additional mixing angles $\vartheta_{23}$ and $\vartheta_{24}$, and they contain as limiting cases the pure solar $\nu_e$-active and $\nu_e$-sterile neutrino oscillations, and the pure atmospheric $\nu_\mu\to\nu_s$ and $\nu_\mu\to\nu_\tau$ oscillations, respectively. We evaluate the allowed active-sterile admixture in both solar and atmospheric oscillations from the combined analysis. Our results show that, although the Super-Kamiokande data disfavour both the pure $\nu_\mu\to\nu_s$ atmospheric channel and the pure $\nu_e\to\nu_s$ solar channel, the result from the combined analysis still favours close-to-pure active and sterile oscillations and disfavours oscillations into a near-maximal active-sterile admixture

Sobrecarga y dolor percibido en cuidadoras de ancianos dependientes

Objectives: To evaluate the subjective overload and perceived pain in caregivers of dependent elderly, and to determine if the intensity of perceived pain is associated with the caregiver overload. Material and methods: A transversal study. Variables: age, sex, family relationship, living with the patient, educational level, time as a caregiver, paid work, Caregiver Stress Index (IEC) and pain intensity (VAS).Descriptive and inferential statistical analysis: Student t test, Pearson r and ANOVA, as appropriate. Results: IEC 6.58 ± 1.21, 6.60 ± 1.21 EVA, EVA and IEC correlation r = 0.571, p <0.0001; EVA time as a caregiver and r = 0.340, p <0.026. Conclusions: Carers of dependent elderly have high rates of resistance and pain perception caused by very nature of care required by elderly dependents. Is there a direct relationship between pain intensity and degree of overload of the caregivers.Objetivos: Evaluar la sobrecarga subjetiva y el dolor percibido en cuidadoras de ancianos dependientes y determinar si la intensidad del dolor percibido está asociado a la sobrecarga de la cuidadora. Material y métodos: Estudio observacional, descriptivo transversal. Variables:edad, sexo, parentesco familiar, convivencia con el paciente, nivel educativo, tiempo como cuidador, trabajo remunerado, Índice de Esfuerzo del Cuidador (IEC) e intensidad del dolor (EVA). Análisis estadístico  descriptivo  e inferencial: Test T de Student, r de Pearson y ANOVA, según los casos. Resultados: IEC 6,58 ± 1,21, EVA 6,60 ± 1,21 ; correlación EVA y IEC r= 0,571, p<0,0001; EVA y tiempo como cuidadora r=0,340, p<0,026. Conclusiones: Las cuidadoras de ancianos dependientes presentan elevados índices de sobrecarga y percepción del dolor provocada por propias características de los cuidados que requieren los ancianos dependientes. Existe una relación directa entre la intensidad del dolor y el grado de sobrecarga de las cuidadoras

Copper-binding motifs in catalysis, transport, detoxification and signaling

AbstractCopper is required for many biological processes but is toxic at high cellular concentrations, so levels in the cell must be strictly controlled. Copper-binding motifs have been identified and characterized in many proteins. The way in which copper is coordinated by these motifs is important for the transport and distribution of intracellular copper and for the effective functioning of copper-dependent enzymes

Zenith angle distributions at Super-Kamiokande and SNO and the solution of the solar neutrino problem

We have performed a detailed study of the zenith angle dependence of the regeneration factor and distributions of events at SNO and SK for different solutions of the solar neutrino problem. In particular, we discuss the oscillatory behavior and the synchronization effect in the distribution for the LMA solution, the parametric peak for the LOW solution, etc. A physical interpretation of the effects is given. We suggest a new binning of events which emphasizes the distinctive features of the zenith angle distributions for the different solutions. We also find the correlations between the integrated day-night asymmetry and the rates of events in different zenith angle bins. The study of these correlations strengthens the identification power of the analysis

Life cycle cost analysis of tomato production in innovative urban agriculture systems

Acord transformatiu CRUE-CSICUnidad de excelencia María de Maeztu CEX2019-000940-MThe construction of innovative urban agriculture systems in cities has increased due to food and environmental concerns. While the environmental performance of urban agriculture has been extensively studied, research on the life cycle costs of urban agriculture systems is still limited, which constraints sustainability-oriented decision-making processes. This paper analyses the economic viability of tomato production cycle in an innovative building with an integrated urban agriculture system in rooftop by applying the life cycle cost methodology. The data was collected from direct measurements and internal and external sources. To calculate labour costs, a customised data collection sheet was created. The results are presented by life cycle stage, cost category and type of cost (fixed & variable). Results indicate that the main cost drivers for tomato production are labour (24.7%), the rooftop greenhouse structure (15%), external pest control (12.6%), and rainwater consumption (9.5%), accounting altogether for 61.8% of the total costs. Accordingly, cost reduction solutions are evaluated through the development of sensitivity scenarios (rooftop greenhouse structure design, tap water use and rainwater tank size), including the consideration of another relevant aspect, such as the role of the production level output, as it can greatly influence the economic viability and profitability. Finally, the main environmental and social aspects of these urban production systems are also included

Síndrome de feminización en un perro con un tumor testicular de células de Sertoli

Un perro de 8 años, criptórquido unilateral, se presenta con signos de disuria, alteraciones cutáneas y una masa en abdomen caudal. La ecografía determina la presencia de un quiste prostático y un posible testículo tumoral. Después de la cirugía se realiza histopatología que confirma la preencia de un tumor testicular de cálulas de Sertoli.