Percepção do apoio social funcional em jovens estudantes pré-universitários em colima

This research aims to characterize and analyze the perception of social support in pre-university youngsters from Colima, Mexico. We seek relationships through social class, gender, and age variables. Likewise, the goal is to demonstrate the usefulness and practicality of the HJ-Biplot as an easy to understand and interpret multivariate tool that works for the representation of the results obtained at a social nature analysis. The studied population comprises 1,267 high school alumni from schools that were subsidized by the State and the State Federation. Among the main findings, we observed conections between the perception of limited Functional Social Support, gender and social class; in the same way, we noted that the usefulness and practicality of the HJ-Biplot was demonstrated.Esta investigación tiene como objetivo caracterizar y analizar la percepción del apoyo social en jóvenes preuniversitarios del Estado mexicano de Colima, buscando relaciones por medio de las variables de clase, género y edad. De igual forma, se quiere demostrar la utilidad y practicidad del HJ-Biplot como herramienta multivariante de fácil comprensión e interpretación para la representación de los resultados obtenidos en un análisis de índole social. La población de estudio incluye a 1,267 alumnos de primer año de bachillerato de las escuelas subsidiadas por el Estado y la Federación del Estado. Entre los principales hallazgos observamos relaciones en la percepción del escaso Apoyo Social Funcional, el sexo y la clase social; de igual forma, se demostró la utilidad y practicidad del HJ-Biplot.Cette recherche vise à caractériser et à analyser la perception du soutien social chez les jeunes étudiants pré-universitaires de l’État de Colima au Mexique, en recherchant les relations avec les variables de classe sociale, de genre et d’âge. De même, on cherche à démontrer l’utilité et le caractère pratique du HJ-Biplot en tant qu’outil multivarié facile à comprendre et à interpréter pour la représentation des résultats obtenus dans une analyse de nature sociale. La population étudiée est composée de 1 267 élèves de première année de secondaire provenant d’écoles subventionnées par l’État et la Fédération de l’État de Colima, au Mexique. Ce sont des jeunes de 15 à 18 ans, 46,5 % d’hommes et 53,5 % de femmes. Le questionnaire DUKE-UNC-11 a été utilisé pour déterminer la perception du soutien social fonctionnel et l’échelle Goldthorpe a été utilisée pour classer les jeunes en fonction de leur classe sociale. Parmi les résultats pertinents, il a été constaté que le 12,8 % des jeunes perçoivent un faible soutien fonctionnel social, étant principalement des hommes, plus âgés et issus d’une classe sociale intermédiaire. L’utilité et la praticité du HJ-Biplot pour l’analyse des variables de l’étude ont également été démontrées, en prouvant avec cet outil l’indépendance des scores attribués au DUKE-UNC-11 par rapport au genre, à l’âge et à la classe sociale.Esta investigação visa caracterizar e analisar a percepção do apoio social em jovens estudantes pré-universitários no Estado de Colima no México, procurando relações com variáveis de classe social, género e idade. Do mesmo modo, procura demonstrar a utilidade e praticidade do HJ-Biplot como instrumento multivariado de fácil compreensão e interpretação para a representação dos resultados obtidos numa análise de natureza social. A população do estudo é composta por 1.267 estudantes do primeiro ano do ensino secundário de escolas subsidiadas pelo Estado e Federação do Estado de Colima, México. São jovens entre os 15 e 18 anos, 46,5 % homens e 53,5 % mulheres. O Questionário DUKE-UNC-11 foi utilizado para determinar a percepção do Apoio Social Funcional e a Escala Goldthorpe foi utilizada para classificar os jovens de acordo com a sua classe social. Entre os resultados relevantes, constatouse que 12,8% dos jovens tinham a percepção de ter um escasso Apoio Funcional Social, sendo na sua maioria homens, mais velhos e de uma classe social intermédia. A utilidade e praticabilidade do HJ-Biplot para a análise das variáveis de estudo foi também demonstrada, provando com esta ferramenta a independência das pontuações dadas ao DUKE-UNC-11 com género, idade e classe social

Diseño y validación de un instrumento de evaluación del clima organizacional en centros escolares del nivel superior

El presente artículo muestra el proceso de diseño y validación de un instrumento de evaluación del clima organizacional, creado desde la teoría clásica y las improntas de los centros educativos del nivel superior. La metodología utilizada se estructuró en cuatro fases: en un primer momento se efectuó el diseño del instrumento; luego se validó por expertos, utilizando el modelo estadístico V. Aiken (78 ítems); a continuación, se aplicó un piloto a quince profesores de una unidad académica para medir la consistencia interna con Alfa de Cronbach (78 ítems), y finalmente se efectuó un análisis factorial para comprobar la homogeneidad y comunalidad1 de las categorías y subcategorías del instrumento. Como producto de este trabajo, se obtuvo un instrumento validado (con 53 ítems) que permite recuperar la visión del profesorado de los centros universitarios

Percepción del beneficio de los deportes y actividades recreativas en habilidades para la vida en niños y adolescentes de Ciudad Juárez, México

The present exploratory research aims to describe the perceptions of the benefit encouraged by sports practice in physical-motor, cognitive, social and interpersonal skills in Juarenses children and young people from 6 to 16 years who participated in the summer school. The population consisted of 46 subjects, divided into two groups: infants and preteens participants of a summer sports teaching experience designed and controlled by the Autonomous University of Ciudad Juarez. For the information-collecting the Natural Semantic Networks technique and questionnaire was used, at the same time, for the analysis, the theory of social representations and HJ-Biplot for the data´s representation and interpretation was used. Among the most outstanding findings is evidenced at a perceptive level on the physical-motor skills development  with the practice of the following sports disciplines: swimming (59%), aerial dance (58%), indoor soccer (55%) and basketball (54% ), in turn, tennis (30%), flag football (26%) and recreation (24%) activities promoted the improvement of cognitive skills; likewise, social skills were encouraged with recreation (33%), flag football (24%) and handball (15%) and interpersonal skills were encouraged with sports such as swimming (31%), karate (28%) and dance (14%). In conclusion, the aforementioned learning space called summer school offers participants a perceived benefit of sport beyond the enjoyment by practice, recreation and health. And enables to observe the relationships that our mind and body have with other everyday learning.El objetivo del presente trabajo consistió en describir la percepción que tienen los niños, niñas y jóvenes juarenses de 6 a 16 años, participantes en el Campamento de Verano promovido por la Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez (UACJ), respecto de los beneficios que estimulan las actividades deportivas y recreativas en las habilidades físico-motoras, cognitivas, sociales e interpersonales. La investigación se asume de carácter exploratoria, tipo mixta. La técnica utilizada para recuperación de la información fue Redes Semánticas Naturales (RSN); y el cuestionario, a su vez —para el análisis, representación e interpretación de los datos— se usó la teoría de la percepción y el HJ-Biplot. Entre los hallazgos más sobresalientes se evidencia, a nivel perceptivo, que el desarrollo de habilidades físico-motoras se potencia con la práctica de las siguientes disciplinas deportivas: natación (59%), danza aérea (58%), fútbol rápido (55%) y basquetbol (54%); a su vez, las actividades de tenis (30%), tochito (26%) y recreación (24%) promovieron la mejora de habilidades cognitivas. De igual forma, las habilidades sociales se vieron estimuladas con recreación (33%), tochito (24%) y handball (15%) y en las habilidades interpersonales influyeron deportes como la natación (31%), karate (28%) y baile (14%). En conclusión, el Campamento de Verano con orientación deportiva y recreativa estimula y condiciona, en los participantes, una percepción de beneficio del deporte más allá del gusto por la práctica, el esparcimiento y la salud. Y posibilita la observación de las relaciones que la mente y cuerpo tienen con otros aprendizajes cotidianos

Lo glocal y el turismo. Nuevos paradigmas de interpretación.

El estudio del turismo se realiza desde múltiples escalas y enfoques, este libro aborda muchos temas que es necesario discutir desde diversas perspectivas; es el caso de la reflexión sobre la propia disciplina y sus conceptos, así como los asuntos específicos referidos al impacto territorial, los tipos de turismo, las cuestiones ambientales, el tema de la pobreza, la competitividad, las políticas públicas, el papel de las universidades, las áreas naturales protegidas, la sustentabilidad, la cultura, el desarrollo, la seguridad, todos temas centrales documentados y expuestos con originalidad y dominio del asunto. Lo multiescalar es básico para la comprensión del sistema turístico, sistema formado de procesos globales, regionales y locales. El eje de discusión del libro es lo glocal, esa interacción entre lo nacional y local con lo global

Impact of COVID-19 on cardiovascular testing in the United States versus the rest of the world

Objectives: This study sought to quantify and compare the decline in volumes of cardiovascular procedures between the United States and non-US institutions during the early phase of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the care of many non-COVID-19 illnesses. Reductions in diagnostic cardiovascular testing around the world have led to concerns over the implications of reduced testing for cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality. Methods: Data were submitted to the INCAPS-COVID (International Atomic Energy Agency Non-Invasive Cardiology Protocols Study of COVID-19), a multinational registry comprising 909 institutions in 108 countries (including 155 facilities in 40 U.S. states), assessing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on volumes of diagnostic cardiovascular procedures. Data were obtained for April 2020 and compared with volumes of baseline procedures from March 2019. We compared laboratory characteristics, practices, and procedure volumes between U.S. and non-U.S. facilities and between U.S. geographic regions and identified factors associated with volume reduction in the United States. Results: Reductions in the volumes of procedures in the United States were similar to those in non-U.S. facilities (68% vs. 63%, respectively; p = 0.237), although U.S. facilities reported greater reductions in invasive coronary angiography (69% vs. 53%, respectively; p < 0.001). Significantly more U.S. facilities reported increased use of telehealth and patient screening measures than non-U.S. facilities, such as temperature checks, symptom screenings, and COVID-19 testing. Reductions in volumes of procedures differed between U.S. regions, with larger declines observed in the Northeast (76%) and Midwest (74%) than in the South (62%) and West (44%). Prevalence of COVID-19, staff redeployments, outpatient centers, and urban centers were associated with greater reductions in volume in U.S. facilities in a multivariable analysis. Conclusions: We observed marked reductions in U.S. cardiovascular testing in the early phase of the pandemic and significant variability between U.S. regions. The association between reductions of volumes and COVID-19 prevalence in the United States highlighted the need for proactive efforts to maintain access to cardiovascular testing in areas most affected by outbreaks of COVID-19 infection

All-cause mortality in the cohorts of the Spanish AIDS Research Network (RIS) compared with the general population: 1997Ł2010

Abstract Background: Combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) has produced significant changes in mortality of HIVinfected persons. Our objective was to estimate mortality rates, standardized mortality ratios and excess mortality rates of cohorts of the AIDS Research Network (RIS) (CoRIS-MD and CoRIS) compared to the general population. Methods: We analysed data of CoRIS-MD and CoRIS cohorts from 1997 to 2010. We calculated: (i) all-cause mortality rates, (ii) standardized mortality ratio (SMR) and (iii) excess mortality rates for both cohort for 100 personyears (py) of follow-up, comparing all-cause mortality with that of the general population of similar age and gender. Results: Between 1997 and 2010, 8,214 HIV positive subjects were included, 2,453 (29.9%) in CoRIS-MD and 5,761 (70.1%) in CoRIS and 294 deaths were registered. All-cause mortality rate was 1.02 (95% CI 0.91-1.15) per 100 py, SMR was 6.8 (95% CI 5.9-7.9) and excess mortality rate was 0.8 (95% CI 0.7-0.9) per 100 py. Mortality was higher in patients with AIDS, hepatitis C virus (HCV) co-infection, and those from CoRIS-MD cohort (1997. Conclusion: Mortality among HIV-positive persons remains higher than that of the general population of similar age and sex, with significant differences depending on the history of AIDS or HCV coinfection

Spatiotemporal Characteristics of the Largest HIV-1 CRF02_AG Outbreak in Spain: Evidence for Onward Transmissions

Background and Aim: The circulating recombinant form 02_AG (CRF02_AG) is the predominant clade among the human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) non-Bs with a prevalence of 5.97% (95% Confidence Interval-CI: 5.41–6.57%) across Spain. Our aim was to estimate the levels of regional clustering for CRF02_AG and the spatiotemporal characteristics of the largest CRF02_AG subepidemic in Spain.Methods: We studied 396 CRF02_AG sequences obtained from HIV-1 diagnosed patients during 2000–2014 from 10 autonomous communities of Spain. Phylogenetic analysis was performed on the 391 CRF02_AG sequences along with all globally sampled CRF02_AG sequences (N = 3,302) as references. Phylodynamic and phylogeographic analysis was performed to the largest CRF02_AG monophyletic cluster by a Bayesian method in BEAST v1.8.0 and by reconstructing ancestral states using the criterion of parsimony in Mesquite v3.4, respectively.Results: The HIV-1 CRF02_AG prevalence differed across Spanish autonomous communities we sampled from (p &lt; 0.001). Phylogenetic analysis revealed that 52.7% of the CRF02_AG sequences formed 56 monophyletic clusters, with a range of 2–79 sequences. The CRF02_AG regional dispersal differed across Spain (p = 0.003), as suggested by monophyletic clustering. For the largest monophyletic cluster (subepidemic) (N = 79), 49.4% of the clustered sequences originated from Madrid, while most sequences (51.9%) had been obtained from men having sex with men (MSM). Molecular clock analysis suggested that the origin (tMRCA) of the CRF02_AG subepidemic was in 2002 (median estimate; 95% Highest Posterior Density-HPD interval: 1999–2004). Additionally, we found significant clustering within the CRF02_AG subepidemic according to the ethnic origin.Conclusion: CRF02_AG has been introduced as a result of multiple introductions in Spain, following regional dispersal in several cases. We showed that CRF02_AG transmissions were mostly due to regional dispersal in Spain. The hot-spot for the largest CRF02_AG regional subepidemic in Spain was in Madrid associated with MSM transmission risk group. The existence of subepidemics suggest that several spillovers occurred from Madrid to other areas. CRF02_AG sequences from Hispanics were clustered in a separate subclade suggesting no linkage between the local and Hispanic subepidemics

Identification of genetic variants associated with Huntington's disease progression: a genome-wide association study

Background Huntington's disease is caused by a CAG repeat expansion in the huntingtin gene, HTT. Age at onset has been used as a quantitative phenotype in genetic analysis looking for Huntington's disease modifiers, but is hard to define and not always available. Therefore, we aimed to generate a novel measure of disease progression and to identify genetic markers associated with this progression measure. Methods We generated a progression score on the basis of principal component analysis of prospectively acquired longitudinal changes in motor, cognitive, and imaging measures in the 218 indivduals in the TRACK-HD cohort of Huntington's disease gene mutation carriers (data collected 2008–11). We generated a parallel progression score using data from 1773 previously genotyped participants from the European Huntington's Disease Network REGISTRY study of Huntington's disease mutation carriers (data collected 2003–13). We did a genome-wide association analyses in terms of progression for 216 TRACK-HD participants and 1773 REGISTRY participants, then a meta-analysis of these results was undertaken. Findings Longitudinal motor, cognitive, and imaging scores were correlated with each other in TRACK-HD participants, justifying use of a single, cross-domain measure of disease progression in both studies. The TRACK-HD and REGISTRY progression measures were correlated with each other (r=0·674), and with age at onset (TRACK-HD, r=0·315; REGISTRY, r=0·234). The meta-analysis of progression in TRACK-HD and REGISTRY gave a genome-wide significant signal (p=1·12 × 10−10) on chromosome 5 spanning three genes: MSH3, DHFR, and MTRNR2L2. The genes in this locus were associated with progression in TRACK-HD (MSH3 p=2·94 × 10−8 DHFR p=8·37 × 10−7 MTRNR2L2 p=2·15 × 10−9) and to a lesser extent in REGISTRY (MSH3 p=9·36 × 10−4 DHFR p=8·45 × 10−4 MTRNR2L2 p=1·20 × 10−3). The lead single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in TRACK-HD (rs557874766) was genome-wide significant in the meta-analysis (p=1·58 × 10−8), and encodes an aminoacid change (Pro67Ala) in MSH3. In TRACK-HD, each copy of the minor allele at this SNP was associated with a 0·4 units per year (95% CI 0·16–0·66) reduction in the rate of change of the Unified Huntington's Disease Rating Scale (UHDRS) Total Motor Score, and a reduction of 0·12 units per year (95% CI 0·06–0·18) in the rate of change of UHDRS Total Functional Capacity score. These associations remained significant after adjusting for age of onset. Interpretation The multidomain progression measure in TRACK-HD was associated with a functional variant that was genome-wide significant in our meta-analysis. The association in only 216 participants implies that the progression measure is a sensitive reflection of disease burden, that the effect size at this locus is large, or both. Knockout of Msh3 reduces somatic expansion in Huntington's disease mouse models, suggesting this mechanism as an area for future therapeutic investigation

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030

DISEÑO DE UN INSTRUMENTO PARA CARACTERIZAR EL CLIMA ORGANIZACIONAL EN UNIDADES ACADÉMICAS DE LA UNIVERSIDAD DE COLIMA

Facultad de Pedagogí