Basket-Handle Arch and Its Optimum Symmetry Generation as a Structural Element and Keeping the Aesthetic Point of View

The arches were a great advance in construction with respect to the rigid Greek linteled architecture. Its development came from the hand of the great Roman constructions, especially with the semicircular arch. In successive historical periods, different types of arches have been emerging, which in addition to their structural function was taking aesthetic characteristics that are used today to define the architectural style. When, in the construction of a bow, the rise is less than half the springing line, the semicircular arch is no longer used and the segmental arch is used, and then on to another more efficient and aesthetic arch, the basket-handle arch. This study examines the classic geometry of the basket-handle arch also called the three-centered arch. A solution is proposed from a constructive and aesthetic point of view, and this is approached both geometrically and analytically, where the relationship between the radius of the central arch and the radius of the lateral arch is minimized. The solution achieved allows the maximum springing line or clear span to be saved with the minimum rise that preserves the aesthetic point of view, since the horizontal thrust of a bow is greater than the relationship between the springing line of the arch and the rise. This solution has been programmed and the resulting software has made it possible to analyse existing arches in historic buildings or constructions to check if their solutions were close or not from both points of view. Thus, it has been possible to verify that in most of the existing arches analyzed, the proposed solution is reached

Bay leaves extracts as active additive for food protective coatings

Ethanolic extracts of bay leaves were obtained using the Soxhlet method (extraction yield of 22.3 ± 1.2%) and further analyzed through different methods, thus determining the chemical composition with gas chromatography, phenolic content with the Folin–Ciocalteu technique (11.8 ± 0.4% wt.) and antioxidant power with the radical 2,2′-Azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) method (75.06%). Furthermore, its effect on the growth of two bacteria, Escherichia coli and Bacillus cereus, and on two yeasts, Candida glabrata and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, was determined, showing a minimum inhibitory concentration of 0.65 mg/mL on the growth of B. cereus. Finally, edible films were prepared using different polymers (carboxymethyl cellulose, gum Arabic, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, and polyvinyl alcohol) containing 0, 5, 10, or 15% wt. of bay leaf extract as troubleshooting for perishable fruits, specifically for cultivated strawberry. The prepared composites presented reduced water vapor permeabilities (up to 4.3 × 10−7 g·Pa−1·m−1·h−1), high specific transparencies (≈30%/mm), as well as the effective blocking of ultraviolet radiation (>99.9%). In vivo tests showed that the most suitable treatment for strawberry protection was the impregnation with a composite comprising polyvinyl alcohol and a 15% wt. bay leaf extract, resulting in a noteworthy reduction in mass loss (22% after 6 days). It can be asserted that food packaging with the designed composites would be an effective alternative for the reduction in postharvest losses

Probabilistic Seismic Vulnerability and Loss Assessment of the Buildings in Mexico City

This article presents a seismic vulnerability and risk assessment of buildings in Mexico City. A probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (PSHA) was carried out, which allowed the definition of seismic hazard curves as well as uniform hazard spectra (UHS) for several seismic zones. The seismic hazard includes the effects of all seismic sources located in an influence area with a radius of 500 km. Attenuation relationships were selected with basis in attenuation models of events affecting the areas of Central Mexico and were complemented by our own functions that include local soil effects. Already established the sources and attenuation functions, the seismic hazard is quantified throughout UHS, which calculated using a return period Tr = 100 years. For the vulnerability assessment, fragility curves were defined. Two groups of fragility curves were studied, the first for the first for buildings built before 1985, and the second for buildings built after 1985. In the first case, static nonlinear analyzes of selected buildings were performed to define the capacity spectra. In the second case, the capacity spectra were defined from design spectra of the Mexico City Building Code. The results showed a very good correlation with the seismic demands of the 2017 earthquake

METODOS GEOFISICOS APLICADOS A LA DE CELDAS ACTIVAS Y CLAUSURADAS DEL RELLENO SANITARIO "LA CORTADA" (NORTE DE SANTANDER)

En este trabajo se presenta una aplicación de algunas técnicas geofísicas no invasivas para la caracterización del relleno sanitario regional “La Cortada”, el cual se encuentra ubicado a 5 km del Municipio de Pamplona, en la Vereda la Chichira (Norte de Santander). Los métodos geofísicos aplicados en este estudio fueron; la Tomografía de Refracción Sísmica (TRS) y la Tomografía de Resistividad Eléctrica (TRE). A partir de estas técnicas se pueden determinar algunas propiedades como la resistividad eléctrica y la velocidad sísmica tipo P. El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar o delimitar la geometría del relleno sanitario específicamente de la zona de contacto entre los materiales de desecho y la roca fresca. Se adquirieron datos para 5 líneas de TRS, y 5 líneas de TRE en zonas activas y clausuradas del relleno sanitario. Este trabajo abarcó etapas de diseño, adquisición, procesamiento e interpretación de estos datos geofísicos. A través del análisis de los resultados en este trabajo, se obtuvieron anomalías de la resistividad eléctrica en sectores de las zonas activas y clausuradas que pueden estar asociadas a acumulación de contaminantes, también se obtuvo un rango de velocidades sísmicas de ondas P para los residuos sólidos y de la roca fresca. Finalmente, se comprobó que estas técnicas son útiles en la caracterización de este tipo de depósitos logrando evidenciar contrastes entre las propiedades físicas

Photodynamic Therapy for the Treatment of Complex Anal Fistula

Background and objectives: To validate and analyze the results of intralesional photodynamic therapy in the treatment of complex anal fistula. Study design/materials and methods: This prospective multicentric observational study enrolled patients treated for complex anal fistula who underwent intralesional photodynamic therapy (i-PDT). The included patients were treated from January 2016 to December 2018 with a minimum follow-up of 1 year to evaluate recurrence, continence and postoperative morbidity. Intralesional 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) gel (2%) was injected directly into the fistula. The internal and external orifices were closed. After an incubation period of 2 hours, the fistula was irradiated using an optical fiber connected to a red laser (Multidiode 630 PDT) operating at 1 W/cm for 3 minutes (180 J). Results: In total, 49 patients were included (61.2% male). The mean age was 48 years, and the mean duration of fistula was 13 months. Of the fistulas included, 75.5% were medium transphincteric, and 24.5% were high transphincteric. The median fistula length was 4 ± 1,14 cm (range: 3-5). A total of 41 patients (83.7%) had a previous history of fistula surgery. Preoperatively, some degree of anal incontinence was found in 5 patients (10.2%). No center reported any other procedure-related complications intraoperatively. Phototoxicity was found in one patient. In the first 48 hours after the procedure, fever was reported in 2 patients (4%). At the end of follow-up, total healing was observed in 32/49 patients (65.3%). No patient reported new incontinence postoperatively. Conclusion: i-PDT could be considered a good choice in patients with complex anal fistulas to avoid surgery and its complications. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc

Reflective practice applications: "Guided weekly refection papers" excented from Alcalá University (Spain) to the Montfort University (UK)

Edulearn16: 8th International Conference on Education and New Learning Technologies. Barcelona, 4th-6th of july, 2016-Barcelona, SpainKnowledge has to be developed firmly based on reflections and thoughts as much as evidence. Being conscious of this principle, our innovation teaching group from the University of Alcalá has developed a reflective pedagogical approach called Guided Weekly Reflection Papers (GWRP) and implemented it since 2007. In this approach students hand in to the lecturer their “weekly work”, in which they schematically express the most important ideas related with the topic presented during the classes, and their reflections and comments on those aspects which they found especially difficult or interesting. Moreover students have to apply the concepts developed during the week to solve some questions or problems proposed by the lecturers to find solutions to real life situations and to explore beyond the walls of the classroom to discover where in the world around them they can find application of the material presented by the lectures.This innovative pedagogical approach has deeply contributed to the development of the student learning process and consequently been reflected in our teaching practice. The outcomes of the GWRP activity do not depend upon how much students have been studying but upon the level of comprehension of the knowledge we have shared with them. Therefore this strategy is very useful to prove the efficiency and quality of our teaching practice which leads us to continuously improve our way of teaching. Over several years, we have shown our results both in internal meetings in our University and in International Conferences, our colleagues have been caught up by our enthusiasm, which promotes their involvement in our model. Thus, different academics and organizations have adopted our reflective pedagogic strategy. The most recent incorporation of this approach has been implemented by selected academic staff at De Montfort University (DMU), Leicester (United Kingdom). This versatile methodology is being tested in a new university educational environment using a student cohort with a different set of characteristics and academic context compared to previous cohorts. This communication will describe the adaptation of the GWRP to teaching in the Clinical Biochemistry module delivered as part of two different Bachelor degrees taught at DMU: Biomedical Science and Medical Science and the response of students enrolled in this programmes at DMU. The results of the GWRP implemented in new subjects by the teachers of the innovation group at the University of Alcalá (UAH) will be also analysed

Enodiplomacia y neuromarketing: La Inteligencia Artificial en defensa de la identidad ante el reto del cambio climático. El caso del vino de La Mancha

Resumen Uno de los conceptos que está generando un mayor debate académico en el mundo de la vitivinicultura es el de la Enodiplomacia es decir el de la “Diplomacia por medio del vino”. Este trabajo quiere seguir debatiendo este concepto, desde una doble vertiente. Por un lado, se busca refrendar la importancia del vino en las relaciones económicas internacionales y, en segundo lugar, introducir un método de análisis basado en el neuromarketing para comprender el proceso sensorial en la toma de decisiones basados en el sentimiento de identidad. Es decir, la percepción que tiene el consumidor de vino de comprar algo que identifica un determinado territorio y lo cualifica. Esta calidad del producto, argumentada en base a su identidad y lo que hay detrás de ella, sirve como baluarte en foros internacionales como argumento competitivo. Además, en esta ponencia, se pondrá en valor como emblema identitario el patrimonio medioambiental que identifica a un determinado terruño (en este caso de La Mancha) y que sirve, -no sólo de seña de identidad-, sino de presentación y valor

Lead in terrestrial game birds from Spain

[EN] We analysed exposure to Pb and its relationship with lead-based ammunition in seven species of terrestrial game birds-common woodpigeon (Columba palumbus), rock dove (Columba livia), stock dove (Columba oenas), European turtle-dove (Streptopelia turtur), red-legged partridge (Alectoris rufa), Barbary partridge (Alectoris barbara) and common quail (Coturnix coturnix)-from rural and urban areas in different parts of Spain (Valencia, Castilla-La Mancha, Castilla y Leon, Madrid, Islas Canarias and Navarra). A total of 530 liver samples were analysed, and the presence of Pb pellets was studied in the crop, gizzard and intestine; the state and appearance of these organs were also analysed. The number of specimens suspected to have ingested Pb shot was 28 (5.6%), and the geometric mean concentration of hepatic Pb was 0.054 mu g g(-1) (wet weight, ww). A low percentage of samples (4.8%) were above the abnormal exposure threshold (0.65 mu g g(-1) ww), and, in these specimens, renal Pb concentrations were determined. Common woodpigeons and rock doves from Madrid were found to have high concentrations of Pb in their livers, and, so, both species can be considered to be good bioindicators of Pb contamination in rural (common woodpigeons) and urban (rock doves) environments. Partridges bred for hunting may be more prone to ingesting pellets from the environment, a fact that should be taken into account in management decisions.This study was funded by the Spanish Sectoral Federation of Weapons and Ammunition (FSA). The authors would like to thank Miguel A. Sanchez Isarria for his help in collecting samples, to Valentin Urrutia and Inma Salvat for their help in processing the samples, to Alberto Ferrer (Departamento de Estadistica e Investigacion Operativa Aplicadas y Calidad, Universidad Politecnica de Valencia) for the statistical treatment of the data, and to the Department of Animal Surgery at the Veterinary Clinical Hospital of the University of Murcia for conducting the X-ray analyses of the samples.Romero, D.; De Jose, A.; Theureau De La Peña, JM.; Ferrer Gisbert, A.; Raigón Jiménez, MD.; Torregrosa Soler, JB. (2020). Lead in terrestrial game birds from Spain. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 27(2):1585-1597. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-06827-yS15851597272Ákoshegyi I (1997) Lead poisoning of pheasants caused by lead shots. Magy Allatorvosok Lapja 119(6):328–330Anger H (1971) Gamebird diseases. 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Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 118:71–82Best TL, Garrison TE, Schmitt CG (1992) Availability and ingestion of lead shot by mourning doves (Zenaida macroura) in southeastern New Mexico. Southwest Nat 37:287–292Beyer WN, Franson JC, Locke LN, Stroud RK, Sileo L (1998) Retrospective study of the diagnostic criteria in a lead-poisoning survey of waterfowl. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 35:506–512Bingham RJ, Larsen RT, Bissonette JA, Hall JO (2015) Widespread ingestion of lead pellets by wild chukars in northwestern Utah. Wildl Soc Bull 39(1):94–102Butler DA (2005) Incidence of lead shot ingestion in red-legged partridges (Alectoris rufa) in Great Britain. Vet Rec 157:661–662Butler DA, Sage RB, Draycott RAH, Carroll JP, Potts D (2005) Lead exposure in ring-necked pheasants on shooting estates in Great Britain. Wildl Soc Bull 33:583–589Cai F, Calisi RM (2016) Seasons and neighborhoods of high lead toxicity in New York City: the feral pigeon as a bioindicator. Chemosphere 161:274–279Calvert HS (1876) Pheasants poisoned by swallowing shot. The Field 47:189Carneiro MA, Oliveira PA, Brandão R, Francisco ON, Velarde R, Lavín S, Colaço B (2016) Lead poisoning due to lead-pellet ingestion in griffon vultures (Gyps fulvus) from the Iberian Peninsula. J Avian Med Surg 30(3):274–279Carpenter JW, Pattee OH, Fritts SH, Rattner BA, Wiemeyer SN, Royle JA, Smith MR (2003) Experimental lead poisoning in turkey vultures (Cathartes aura). J Wildl Dis 39(1):96–104Castrale JS (1989) Availability of spent lead shot in fields managed for mourning dove hunting. Wildl Soc Bull 17:184–189Clausen B, Wolstrup C (1979) Lead poisoning in game from Denmark. Dan Rev Game Biol 11:1–22Conti JA (1993) Diseases, parasites, and contaminants. In: Baskett TS, Sayer MW, Tomlinson RE and Mirarchi RE (eds) Ecology and management of the mourning dove. Wildlife Management Institute, Washington, D.C., USA, p: 205–224.Cui J, Wu B, Hallbrook RS, Zang S (2013) Age-dependent accumulation of heavy metals in liver, kidney and lung tissues of homing pigeons in Beijing, China. Ecotoxicology 22:1490–1497De Francisco N, Ruiz Troya JD, Agüera EI (2003) Lead and lead toxicity in domestic and free living birds. Avian Pathol 32(1):3–13DeMent SH, Julian Chisolm Jr J, Eckhaus MA, Strandberg JD (1987) Toxic lead exposure in the urban rock dove. J Wildl Dis 23(2):273–278Descalzo E, Mateo R (2018) La contaminación por munición de plomo en Europa: el plumbismo aviar y las implicaciones en la seguridad de la carne de caza. Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (IREC), Ciudad Real, Spain. 82 pp.Dieter MP (1979) Blood delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD) to monitor lead contamination in canvasback ducks (Aythya valisineria). In: Nielsen SWG, Migaki G, Scarpelli DG (eds) Animals as monitors of environmental pollutants. Washington, D.C., National Academy of Sciences, pp 177–191ECHA (2018) Annex XV Investigation Report. A review of the available information on lead in shot used in terrestrial environments, in ammunition and in fishing tackle. European Chemicals Agency. In: https://echa.europa.eu/-/echa-identifies-risks-to-terrestrial-environment-from-lead-ammunition.EFSA (2010) Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain (CONTAM). Scientific opinion on lead in food. EFSA Journal 8(4), 1570, 151 pp.Ellis TW, Mirza AH (2010) The refining of secondary lead for use in advanced lead- acid batteries. J Power Sources 195(14):4525–4529Ferrandis P, Mateo R, López-Serrano FR, Martínez-Haro M, Martínez-Duro E (2008) Lead-shot exposure in red-legged partridge (Alectoris rufa) on a driven shooting estate. Environ Sci Technol 42:6271–6277Fisher IJ, Pain DJ, Thomas VG (2006) A review of lead poisoning from ammunition sources in terrestrial birds. Biol Conserv 131:421–432Fontoura A, Gonçalves D, Guyomarc'h JC, Saint-Jalme M (2000) La sexualité précoce des populations hivernantes de Cailles des blés. Cah d'Ethologie 20:21–34Franson JC, Pain DJ (2011) Lead in birds. In: Nelson W Beyer & Meadorv JP (eds) Environmental contaminants in biota: interpreting tissue concentrations, 2nd edn. CRC, Boca Raton, pp 563–593Geochemical Atlas of Spain (2019) Geological and Mining Institute of Spain, Government of Spain’s Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities. http://info.igme.es/geoquimica/ (accessed May 15, 2019).Guitart R, To-Figueras J, Mateo R, Bertolero A, Cerradelo S, Martínez-Vilalta A (1994) Lead poisoning in waterfowl from the Ebro Delta, Spain: calculation of lead exposure thresholds for mallards. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 27:289–293Harrison R (2012) Lead pollution: causes and control. Springer Science & Business Media, Berlin, GermanyHolladay JP, Nisanian M, Williams S, Tuckfield RC, Kerr R, Jarrett T, Tannenbaum L, Holladay SD, Sharma A, Gogal RM Jr (2012) Dosing of adult pigeons with as little as one #9 lead pellet caused severe δ-ALAD depression, suggesting potential adverse effects in wild populations. Ecotoxicology 21(8):2331–2337. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-012-0989-xHolland G (1882) Pheasant poisoned by swallowing shot. The Field 59:232Hutton M, Goodman GT (1980) Metal contamination of feral pigeons Columba livia from the London area. Part I: tissue accumulation of lead cadmium and zinc. Environ Pollut Ser A 22:207–217Johansen P, Pedersen HS, Asmund G, Riget F (2006) Lead shot from hunting as a source of lead in human blood. Environ Pollut 142(1):93–97Johnson CK, Kelly TR, Rideout BA (2013) Lead in ammunition: a persistent threat to health and conservation. Ecohealth 10(4):455–464Kendall RJ, Lacher TE Jr, Bunck C, Daniel B, Driver C, Grue CE, Leighton F, Stansley W, Watanbe PG, Whitworth M (1996) An ecological risk assessment of lead shot exposure in non-waterfowl avian species: upland game birds and raptors. Environ Toxicol Chem 15:4–20Kerr R, Holladay S, Jarrett T, Selcer B, Meldrum B, Williams S, Tannenbaum L, Holladay J, Williams J, Gogal R (2010) Lead pellet retention time and associated toxicity in northern bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus). Environ Toxicol Chem 29(12):2869–2874. https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.355Keymer IF (1958) A survey and review of the causes of mortality in British birds and the significance of wild birds as disseminators of disease. Vet Rec 70:713–720Keymer IF, Stebbings RSJ (1987) Lead poisoning in a Partridge (Perdix perdix) after ingestion of gunshot. Vet Rec 120:276–277Kreager N, Wainman BC, Jayasinghe RK, Tsuji LJS (2008) Lead pellet ingestion and liver-lead concentrations in upland game birds from Southern Ontario, Canada. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 54:331–336Larsen RT, Flinders JT, Mitchell DL, Perkins ER (2007) Grit size preferences and confirmation of ingested lead pellets in Chukars (Alectoris chukar). West N Am Nat 67(1):152–155Locke LN, Bagley GE (1967) Lead poisoning in a sample of Maryland mourning doves. J Wildl Mgmt 31:515–518Mateo R, Baos AR, Vidal D, Camarero PR, Martinez-Haro M, Taggart MA (2011) Bioaccessibility of Pb from ammunition in game meat is affected by cooking treatment. PLoS One 6(1):e15892. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0015892Mateo R, Green AJ, Lefranc H, Baos R, Figuerola J (2007) Lead poisoning in wild birds from southern Spain: a comparative study of wetland areas and species affected, and trends over time. 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Sci Total Environ 649:1096–1104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.08.345Nam DH, Lee DP (2006) Monitoring for Pb and Cd pollution using feral pigeons in rural, urban, and industrial environments of Korea. Sci Total Environ 357:288–295Pain DJ, Cromie R, Green RE (2015) Poisoning of birds and other wildlife from ammunition-derived lead in the UK. In: Delahay RJ and Spray CJ (eds.) Proceedings of the Oxford Lead Symposium Lead Ammunition: understanding and minimising the risks to human and environmental health, 58–83.Pain DJ, Cromie RL, Newth J, Brown MJ, Crutcher E, Hardman P, Hurst L, Mateo R, Meharg AA, Moran AC, Raab A, Taggart MA, Green RE (2010) Potential hazard to human health from exposure to fragments of lead bullets and shot in the tissues of game animals. PLoS One 5(4):e10315. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0010315Pain DJ, Fisher IJ, Thomas VG (2009) A global update of lead poisoning in terrestrial birds from ammunition sources. In: Watson RT, Fuller M, Pokras M, Hunt WG (eds) Ingestion of lead from spent ammunition: implications for wildlife and humans. The Peregrine Fund, Boise, Idaho, USA, pp 99–118Pain DJ, Mateo R, Green RE (2019) Effects of lead from ammunition on birds and other wildlife: a review and update. Ambio. 48:935–953. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-019-01159-0Pattee OH, Carpenter JW, Fritts SH, Rattner BA, Wiemeyer SN, Royle JA, Smith MR (2006) Lead poisoning in captive Andean condors (Vultur gryphus). J Wildl Dis 42(4):772–779Pattee OH, Pain DJ (2003) Lead in the environment. In: Hoffman DJ, Rattner BA, Burton GA Jr, Cairns J Jr (eds) Handbook of ecotoxicology, Second edn. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, USA, pp 373–408Patrick L (2006) Lead toxicity, a review of the literature. Part 1: exposure, evaluation, and treatment. 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In: Watson RT, Fuller M, Pokras M, Hunt WG (eds) Ingestion of lead from spent ammunition: implications for wildlife and humans. The Peregrine Fund, Boise, Idaho, USA, pp 318–337US EPA (2003) United States Environmental Protection Agency. National air quality and emissions trends report—2003 special studies edition. EPA/454/R-03/005. Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, p 277US EPA (2014) United States Environmental Protection Agency. List of priority pollutants. URL https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2015-09/documents/priority-pollutant-list-epa.pdf.Walter H, Reese KP (2003) Fall diet of chukars (Alectoris chukar) in eastern Oregon and discovery of ingested lead pellets. West N Am Nat 63(3):402–405Watson M (2004) The effects of raptors on grey partridge populations. University of Oxford, DPhil ThesisWilliams RJ, Holladay SD, Williams SM, Gogal RM Jr (2017) Environmental lead and wild birds: a review. 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Impacto de la pedagogía de géneros textuales como propuesta pedagógica para el desarrollo de la comprensión lectora de textos expositivosI

El desarrollo de las competencias lectoras de los estudiantes, especialmente de la comprensión de textos, ha sido un elemento de trabajo continuo para los maestros, especialmente de lenguaje. Este trabajo de investigación tiene como objetivo analizar el impacto de la metodología Pedagogía de géneros textuales, como herramienta que facilita el desarrollo de los procesos de comprensión lectora de textos expositivos, en los estudiantes de 11° de la Institución Educativa Escuela Normal Superior de Manatí, ubicada al sur del departamento del Atlántico. Para la investigación, se diseñaron y ejecutaron dos secuencias didácticas teniendo en cuenta las etapas de la clase de lectura que sugiere la Pedagogía de géneros. Los instrumentos aplicados fueron la observación de clases, encuesta y grupo focal, éstos permitieron medir las percepciones y el tipo de interacciones generadas a partir de las respuestas de los estudiantes durante la implementación de la Pedagogía de géneros. La metodología empleada logró evidenciar que los estudiantes fueron capaces de reconocer la estructura global del texto y el propósito social del mismo, identificar el sentido del texto, así como la función de cada etapa del género, representar gráficamente sus ideas, escribir conjuntamente un resumen a partir de las palabras claves subrayadas en la etapa de lectura detallada y comprender mejor el texto ofrecido a partir del andamiaje realizado por la docente. Se concluye que la Pedagogía de géneros es una herramienta que facilita el acceso al conocimiento de los estudiantes en contextos socioculturales menos favorecidos logrando de esta manera la democratización del mismo

Efficient heterogeneous matrix profile on a CPU + High Performance FPGA with integrated HBM

In this work, we study the problem of efficiently executing a state-of-the-art time series algorithm class – SCAMP – on a heterogeneous platform comprised of CPU + High Performance FPGA with integrated HBM (High Bandwidth Memory). The geometry of the algorithm (a triangular matrix walk) and the FPGA capabilities pose two challenges. First, several replicated IPs can be instantiated in the FPGA fabric, so load balance is an issue not only at system-level (CPU+FPGA), but also at device-level (FPGA IPs). And second, the data that each one of these IPs accesses must be carefully placed among the HBM banks in order to efficiently exploit the memory bandwidth offered by the banks while optimizing power consumption. To tackle the first challenge we propose a novel hierarchical scheduler named Fastfit, to efficiently balance the workload in the heterogeneous system while ensuring near-optimal throughput. Our scheduler consists of a two level scheduling engine: (1) the system-level scheduler, which leverages an analytical model of the FPGA pipeline IPs, to find the near-optimal FPGA chunk size that guarantees optimal FPGA throughput; and (2) a geometry-aware device-level scheduler, which is responsible for the effective partitioning of the FPGA chunk into sub-chunks assigned to each FPGA IP. To deal with the second challenge we propose a methodology based on a model of the HBM bandwidth usage that allows us to set the minimum number of active banks that ensure the maximum aggregated memory bandwidth for a given number of IPs. Through exhaustive evaluation we validate the accuracy of our models, the efficiency of our intra-device partition strategies and the performance and energy efficiency of our Fastfit heterogeneous scheduler, finding that it outperforms state-of-the-art previous schedulers by achieving up to 99.4% of ideal performance.This work has been supported by the Spanish project TIN2016-80920-R, by Junta de Andalucía under research projects UMA18- FEDERJA-108. Funding for open access charge: Universidad de Málaga/CBUA