Analysis of the Genome and Transcriptome of Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii Reveals Complex RNA Expression and Microevolution Leading to Virulence Attenuation

Cryptococcus neoformans is a pathogenic basidiomycetous yeast responsible for more than 600,000 deaths each year. It occurs as two serotypes (A and D) representing two varieties (i.e. grubii and neoformans, respectively). Here, we sequenced the genome and performed an RNA-Seq-based analysis of the C. neoformans var. grubii transcriptome structure. We determined the chromosomal locations, analyzed the sequence/structural features of the centromeres, and identified origins of replication. The genome was annotated based on automated and manual curation. More than 40,000 introns populating more than 99% of the expressed genes were identified. Although most of these introns are located in the coding DNA sequences (CDS), over 2,000 introns in the untranslated regions (UTRs) were also identified. Poly(A)-containing reads were employed to locate the polyadenylation sites of more than 80% of the genes. Examination of the sequences around these sites revealed a new poly(A)-site-associated motif (AUGHAH). In addition, 1,197 miscRNAs were identified. These miscRNAs can be spliced and/or polyadenylated, but do not appear to have obvious coding capacities. Finally, this genome sequence enabled a comparative analysis of strain H99 variants obtained after laboratory passage. The spectrum of mutations identified provides insights into the genetics underlying the micro-evolution of a laboratory strain, and identifies mutations involved in stress responses, mating efficiency, and virulence

Fern genomes elucidate land plant evolution and cyanobacterial symbioses

Li F-W, Brouwer P, Carretero-Paulet L, et al. Fern genomes elucidate land plant evolution and cyanobacterial symbioses. NATURE PLANTS. 2018;4(7):460-472

Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome associated with COVID-19: An Emulated Target Trial Analysis.

RATIONALE: Whether COVID patients may benefit from extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) compared with conventional invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) remains unknown. OBJECTIVES: To estimate the effect of ECMO on 90-Day mortality vs IMV only Methods: Among 4,244 critically ill adult patients with COVID-19 included in a multicenter cohort study, we emulated a target trial comparing the treatment strategies of initiating ECMO vs. no ECMO within 7 days of IMV in patients with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (PaO2/FiO2 <80 or PaCO2 ≥60 mmHg). We controlled for confounding using a multivariable Cox model based on predefined variables. MAIN RESULTS: 1,235 patients met the full eligibility criteria for the emulated trial, among whom 164 patients initiated ECMO. The ECMO strategy had a higher survival probability at Day-7 from the onset of eligibility criteria (87% vs 83%, risk difference: 4%, 95% CI 0;9%) which decreased during follow-up (survival at Day-90: 63% vs 65%, risk difference: -2%, 95% CI -10;5%). However, ECMO was associated with higher survival when performed in high-volume ECMO centers or in regions where a specific ECMO network organization was set up to handle high demand, and when initiated within the first 4 days of MV and in profoundly hypoxemic patients. CONCLUSIONS: In an emulated trial based on a nationwide COVID-19 cohort, we found differential survival over time of an ECMO compared with a no-ECMO strategy. However, ECMO was consistently associated with better outcomes when performed in high-volume centers and in regions with ECMO capacities specifically organized to handle high demand. This article is open access and distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives License 4.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Les motifs du sous-enregistrement des naissances et des décès à l'état civil : une expérience tunisienne

Paulet Claude. Les motifs du sous-enregistrement des naissances et des décès à l'état civil : une expérience tunisienne. In: Population, 26ᵉ année, n°1, 1971. pp. 245-249

Les motifs du sous-enregistrement des naissances et des décès à l'état civil : une expérience tunisienne

Paulet Claude. Les motifs du sous-enregistrement des naissances et des décès à l'état civil : une expérience tunisienne. In: Population, 26ᵉ année, n°1, 1971. pp. 245-249

Enquête Nationale Démographique. Résultats provisoires du Premier passage (partie rétrospective)

L'Enquête Nationale Démographique vise essentiellement à mesurer de façon aussi précise que possible le rythme d'accroissement de la population tunisienne. Elle doit permettre également d'améliorer la connaissance démographique de cette population dans d'autres domaines. Le rapport est accompagné de 8 annexes reprenant : les taux bruts par gouvernorats ; les taux bruts par cheikhats et communes ; la population par année de naissance et par sexe ; la population par cheikhat et commune selon le sexe ; les naissances par mois et sexe ; les taux de fécondité par groupe d'âge de la mère ; la population par âge au 12/7/1967 ; les tables de mortalité

Chronique de l'A.E.D. (Association des experts démographes et diplômés de démographie générale)

Picquet M., Paulet C., Gendreau F., Disaine B., Merlin P. Chronique de l'A.E.D. (Association des experts démographes et diplômés de démographie générale). In: Population, 25ᵉ année, n°3, 1970. pp. 607-631

Chronique de l'A. E. D. (Association des experts démographes et diplômés de démographie générale)

Courgeau Daniel, Normand Jean-Louis, Michaeli Daniel, Paulet Claude, Guillot Bernard, Taleb Si-Ahmed. Chronique de l'A. E. D. (Association des experts démographes et diplômés de démographie générale). In: Population, 24ᵉ année, n°6, 1969. pp. 1187-1208