Efectividad de las modificaciones de estilo de vida sobre el control de la presión arterial en pacientes hipertensos

Introducción: Las modificaciones del estilo de vida han demostrado ser eficaces para el control de la presión arterial (PA). El objetivo de este trabajo es evaluar el efecto de la reducción del consumo de sal en la PA en hipertensos, conocer la calidad de la dieta y comprobar la adherencia a las recomendaciones dietéticas y de actividad física.Material y métodos: Estudio cuasiexperimental no controlado. Se seleccionaron aleatoriamente sujetos hipertensos a los que se realizó una entrevista estructurada para conocer sus hábitos de alimentación, consumo de sal y actividad física. Se determinaron las variables antropométricas y la PA. Se entregaron por escrito recomendaciones dietéticas y de actividad física. A los 30 días se reevaluaron.Resultados: 30 sujetos (17 mujeres y 13 varones), edad media 65,3±12,1 años. El 73,3% refería realizar dieta baja en sal. La calidad de la dieta mostró que la mayoría de los sujetos necesitaban cambios en su alimentación y eran sedentarios. Índice de masa corporal de 28,3±4,8 Kg/m2. PA sistólica de 139,1±18,9 mmHg y diastólica 81,8±10,1 mmHg.Segunda visita sin cambios en calidad de la dieta ni en actividad física aunque sí disminución en consumo de sal (p=0,028). PA sistólica media de 133,3±16,2 mmHg y diastólica 77,8±11,2 mmHg (p=0,04 en sistólica y  p=0,01 en diastólica).Conclusiones: La disminución del consumo de sal se asoció de forma estadísticamente significativa a una reducción de las cifras de PA. La calidad de la dieta de la muestra fue subóptima y la adherencia a las recomendaciones de estilo de vida baja

Universidad y sociedad: comunicación e integración en empresas e instituciones públicas y organizaciones no lucrativas. Nuevos avances

Depto. de Teorías y Análisis de la ComunicaciónFac. de Ciencias de la InformaciónFALSEsubmitte

I.amAble: aprendizaje e inclusión educativa mediante talleres científicos

I.amAble ha ofrecido a estudiantes universitarios de física, química, veterinaria, biología y educación la oportunidad de complementar su formación mediante el diseño, la realización y la evaluación de talleres científicos que faciliten la inclusión de personas con diversidad cognitiva. Los talleres han sido diseñados por el alumnado universitario de ciencias y perfilados por estudiantes de educación para ser llevados a cabo por alumnado preuniversitario en parejas, de forma que un miembro pertenezca a un centro de secundaria ordinario y el otro miembro a un centro de educación especial. Aquellos talleres que se han considerado más adecuados por su adaptabilidad se han llevado a la práctica guiados por estudiantes de ciencias y de educación. Los miembros del proyecto, que incluyen representantes de todos los estamentos universitarios, han supervisado todas las tareas descritas anteriormente. Además de los miembros de la Universidad Complutense, también figuran personas voluntarias de otras instituciones científicas y educativas. El alumnado universitario ha tenido la posibilidad, no sólo de asentar y profundizar algunos contenidos científicos o poner en práctica algunas de las enseñanzas adquiridas, sino también de desarrollar su empatía, su capacidad de comunicar e improvisar y de adaptarse a un público heterogéneo. Ello ha mejorado sus perspectivas laborales, especialmente dentro de la educación formal e informal (animación sociocultural, museos científicos...). Además, han contribuido a facilitar la inclusión educativa de las personas con diversidad funcional y a mejorar la cultura científica de la sociedad. Con este proyecto, inspirado en la metodología Aprendizaje-Servicio (ApS), se ha pretendido también mejorar la accesibilidad a las experiencias y contenidos científicos y facilitar la inclusión educativa de las personas con diversidad funcional, especialmente diversidad cognitiva o intelectual. En la primera edición de I.amAble (2016-17) se hizo hincapié en el diseño y selección de fichas para hacer talleres (aunque también se realizaron talleres). En la segunda edición (2017-18) se puso un mayor énfasis en llevar los talleres a un mayor número de centros educativos. En la pasada edición (2018-19) se puso el acento en los procesos de evaluación. En esta cuarta edición (2019-20), se han seguido trabajando y puliendo todos esos aspectos, pero se ha priorizado la transformación de I.amAble en un proyecto de tipo aprendizaje-servicio, integrándolo en asignaturas formales, concretamente en Complementos de Física y Complementos de Química, del Máster en Formación de Profesorado, en la especialidad de Física y Química

Treatment with tocilizumab or corticosteroids for COVID-19 patients with hyperinflammatory state: a multicentre cohort study (SAM-COVID-19)

Objectives: The objective of this study was to estimate the association between tocilizumab or corticosteroids and the risk of intubation or death in patients with coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) with a hyperinflammatory state according to clinical and laboratory parameters. Methods: A cohort study was performed in 60 Spanish hospitals including 778 patients with COVID-19 and clinical and laboratory data indicative of a hyperinflammatory state. Treatment was mainly with tocilizumab, an intermediate-high dose of corticosteroids (IHDC), a pulse dose of corticosteroids (PDC), combination therapy, or no treatment. Primary outcome was intubation or death; follow-up was 21 days. Propensity score-adjusted estimations using Cox regression (logistic regression if needed) were calculated. Propensity scores were used as confounders, matching variables and for the inverse probability of treatment weights (IPTWs). Results: In all, 88, 117, 78 and 151 patients treated with tocilizumab, IHDC, PDC, and combination therapy, respectively, were compared with 344 untreated patients. The primary endpoint occurred in 10 (11.4%), 27 (23.1%), 12 (15.4%), 40 (25.6%) and 69 (21.1%), respectively. The IPTW-based hazard ratios (odds ratio for combination therapy) for the primary endpoint were 0.32 (95%CI 0.22-0.47; p < 0.001) for tocilizumab, 0.82 (0.71-1.30; p 0.82) for IHDC, 0.61 (0.43-0.86; p 0.006) for PDC, and 1.17 (0.86-1.58; p 0.30) for combination therapy. Other applications of the propensity score provided similar results, but were not significant for PDC. Tocilizumab was also associated with lower hazard of death alone in IPTW analysis (0.07; 0.02-0.17; p < 0.001). Conclusions: Tocilizumab might be useful in COVID-19 patients with a hyperinflammatory state and should be prioritized for randomized trials in this situatio

EducaFarma 9.0

Memoria ID-020 Ayudas de la Universidad de Salamanca para la innovación docente, curso 2020-2021

Name it till you mean it: Interrelationship between formal and semantic neological procedures in naming emerging pandemic objects

The pandemic the world has been through during the last 18 months has caused the appearance of a large amount of novel realities for whom there was a significant lack of established, functional denominations in most languages. The phenomenon has been sudden, unexpected and global (Zizek, 2020; Agamben 2020; Innerarity, 2020), resulting in an unprecedented linguistic situation and triggering the denominative possibilities of many languages. Speakers in contact with the COVID-19 (either direct or incidental), no matter their mother tongue, have been forced to adjust, recombine and reinterpret their linguistic abilities and resources in order to categorize and label consistently and efficiently all those new realities. This has generated a true outburst of neological units in languages such as Spanish, and the aim of this study is to leverage such a unique situation to delve into the study of the correlations existing between neologisms’ processing and coining processes. If the production and recognition of new words by speakers follow some kind of patterns, how could we measure to what extent are both interrelated? In our study, we look at neologism from the point of view of formal structure (comprising processes such as syntagmation, acronymy, pre and suffixation, composition, etc.) and semantic motivation (metaphor and metonymy), thus bridging the gap between the cognitive and discursive forces driving the generation of new words. We designed a two-folded survey conducted with a sample of 148 speakers: first, we provided them with a set of images depicting objects somehow related to the pandemics and asked them to name them. We then gave them a list of in-context neologisms coined in Spanish during the last 18 months by means of a previously established list of neological procedures, both formal and semantic. We asked them to what extent they considered each neologism new, they understood their meanings and they liked them. After that, we classified the neological procedures (both formal and semantic) chosen in the first part of the study and confronted them to the results of the second part of the survey. Our initial hypothesis is that Spanish speakers would be more inclined to recognize and integrate more efficiently neologisms created by means of the same formal and semantic procedures they use to coin neologisms on their own. Results obtained so far prove a prevalence of syntagmatic neology when creating new denominations, which was also one of the procedures considered as understandable and pleasant in the second part of the survey. At the same time, syntagmatic neologisms were not perceived as particularly novel by speakers

Relationship between thyroid dysfunction and body weight: A not so evident paradigm

Purpose: Hypothyroidism has traditionally been associated with obesity, whereas hyperthyroidism has been linked to being underweight. However, very few studies have assessed these associations. The aim of this work is to evaluate the association between thyroid dysfunction and body mass index (BMI) at baseline and after normalization of the hormone levels. Patients and methods: A retrospective, observational study of a cohort of otherwise healthy patients that were referred for evaluation of thyroid dysfunction to the Endocrine Department of Pontevedra University Complex Hospital, Spain was conducted. We collected data of BMI and thyroid hormone levels before treatment and after normalization of thyroid function within a follow-up period of 12 months. Results: A total of 330 patients were initially selected for the study. In order to exclude variables that for any reason could influence on BMI, 235 were excluded for further studies. Another 61 patients were also excluded because incomplete data on their medical records, failure to achieve euthyroidism, or lost to follow-up. Therefore, the eligible final study group consisted of 34 patients (17 with hypothyroidism and 17 with hyperthyroidism). No differences were observed in mean baseline BMI between hypo and hyperthyroid patients (27.07+/-3.22 vs 26.39+/-4.44, p=0.609). Overweight or obesity was observed in 76.5% and 58.8% of hypothyroid and hyperthyroid patients, respectively (p=0.23). After normalization of thyroid function, the weight of hypothyroid patients decreased from 70.93+/-10.06 kg to 68.68+/-10.14 (p=0.000), while the weight of hyperthyroid patients increased from 65.45+/-11.64 kg to 68.37+/-12.80 (p=0.000). Their mean BMI was 26.22+/-3.36 and 27.57+/-4.98 (p=0.361) for hypo- and hyperthyroid patients, respectively. 58.8% and 64.7% patients remained in the overweight/obesity range in each group (p=0.72). Conclusion: Untreated thyroid dysfunction is not associated with BMI. Normalization of thyroid levels significantly changed the weight of patients, but remaining most patients within overweight ranges