Regulación del factor de transcripción Nrf2 por la glucógeno sintasa quinasa 3

Tesis doctoral inédita leída en la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Bioquímica. Fecha de lectura: 18 de Junio de 2012

Northern Irish English: historical and sociolinguistic developments

27 p. : il.-- Bibliogr.: p.25-27For a relatively small region, home to less than two million people, the linguistic landscape of Northern Ireland is remarkably diverse. This is not the result of chance: the richness of the input to Northern Irish English, which includes different languages and dialects, has contributed to it. Precisely, the focus of this paper will be the contextualisation of such origins, a vital step towards a better understanding of both the internal structure of this variety and the development of sociolinguistic attitudes. As a result of the introduction of the English language in Northern Ireland in the twelfth century and later, more vigorously, in the seventeenth century through a series of plantations, Northern Irish English emerged in a context of colonisation and was influenced by the speech of varying communities, including Scottish settlers who brought with them varieties of Scots and English settlers stemming from the Midlands, who spoke various forms of Early Modern English. The mixing of the indigenous Irish language with transported forms of English created a complex picture and gave Northern Irish English the distinct, albeit heterogeneous, profile that characterises it. The political and economic hegemony achieved by the English-speaking newcomers also affected the emerging varieties during the period of contact, with new linguistic features arising as a result of the language shift from Irish to English. However, it is not only the settlement history of Northern Ireland that makes it a compelling place to conduct (socio)linguistic research. The tumultuous twentieth century, which witnessed episodes such as the development and culmination of an ethnonationalist conflict, the industrialisation of Belfast and (London)Derry, and a trend of rural repopulation, provided opportunities to explore new linguistic processes and take different approaches. The relationship between linguistic variation and extralinguistic factors including gender, age, social class, or ethnicity, along with the intricate and sometimes problematic connection between language and identity, has been widely explored both in rural and urban settings since the second half of the twentieth century and offers plenty of possibilities for future work

GUARD study report: Good Use of Antimalarials and Rapid Diagnostic Tests in Cambodia study report

Using a mixed methods approach that included quality assessments, a mystery client study and qualitative research, we conducted a comprehensive evaluation of malaria Rapid Diagnostic Tests and in the private sector in 12 health centre catchment areas across Cambodia. In summary, we found that the RDTs collected from drug shops had maintained good quality and that storage and transport conditions were on the whole satisfactory. Uptake of RDTs appeared to highest in the most highly trained providers i.e. “cabinets”, and lowest in grocery shops, with pharmacies and drugs shops having some ambiguity around their role. Findings from the focus group discussions and the mystery client study suggest that some of the problems in uptake and interpretation relate to RDTs being on the margins of practice for these providers who see themselves as either providing a diagnosis and cure (pinit pchier bal) or simply selling drugs for symptomatic relief (lout tnam). Several problems with RDTs were identified in terms of their actual use, in particular relating to interpretation of results, blood safety, and problems related to the buffer and the blood collecting device. In summary this study provides a comprehensive assessment of malaria RDTs in one of the first countries to implement them in the private sector

Stromal Cell Contribution to Human Follicular Lymphoma Pathogenesis

Follicular lymphoma (FL) is the prototypical model of indolent B cell lymphoma displaying a strong dependence on a specialized cell microenvironment mimicking normal germinal center. Within malignant cell niches in invaded lymph nodes and bone marrow, external stimuli provided by infiltrating stromal cells make a pivotal contribution to disease development, progression, and drug resistance. The crosstalk between FL B cells and stromal cells is bidirectional, causing activation of both partners. In agreement, FL stromal cells exhibit specific phenotypic, transcriptomic, and functional properties. This review highlights the critical pathways involved in the direct tumor-promoting activity of stromal cells but also their role in the organization of FL cell niche through the recruitment of accessory immune cells and their polarization to a B cell supportive phenotype. Finally, deciphering the interplay between stromal cells and FL cells provides potential new therapeutic targets with the aim to mobilize malignant cells outside their protective microenvironment and increase their sensitivity to conventional treatment

Prevalencia en pacientes con labio y/o paladar fisurado en las ESES municipales de la zona norte del departamento del Magdalena en el año 2006

El presente trabajo se busca determinar la prevalencia de la malformación Labio y/o Paladar Fisurados en niños entre 0 y 12 años de edad que asistieron a consulta en las E.Ses, en los municipios de la Subregión Norte del Departamento del Magdalena en el año 2006. El labio y/o paladar fisurado son malformaciones cráneo - faciales congénitas producidas por defectos embriológicos en la formación de la cara que se manifiesta a través de síntomas que afecta la respiración, la deglución, voz, audición y lenguaje. En dicho Departamento se desconoce el número de pacientes con labio y/o paladar fisurado, lo cual no permite la destinación de recursos de la salud pública para la creación de programas gubernamentales encaminados al manejo integral de estos pacientes. Este proyecto tuvo como objetivo general, Determinar la prevalencia de la malformación Labio y/o Paladar Fisurados en niños entre 0 y 12 años en los municipios de la Subregión Norte del Departamento del Magdalena en el año 2006. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo cuantitativo de corte transversal en la Subregión Norte del departamento

Manejo de los residuos sólidos generados en la zona céntrica y plaza de mercado Municipio de la Paz, Cesar - Colombia

Maestría en Desarrollo Sostenible y Medio Ambiente, Facultad de Ciencias Contables, Económicas y Administrativas.El propósito de este trabajo fue conocer y analizar el estado del manejo de los residuos sólidos generados en la zona céntrica y plaza de mercado del municipio de la Paz- Cesar con la finalidad que los resultados obtenidos sean útiles para el desarrollo de acciones específicas orientadas a la mejora continua de las condiciones del manejo de los residuos sólidos en el área de estudio. Este trabajo consistió en la aplicación de técnicas de recolección de información como: encuesta, entrevista, y grupo focal las cuales permitieron conocer información fehaciente que sirvió como base para establecer una línea base y determinar algunos efectos técnicos, sociales y económicos relacionados con el manejo actual de los residuos sólidos en la zona céntrica y plaza de mercado de la Paz - Cesar. La intervención de la comunidad fue fundamental para articular los saberes de los participantes con los lineamientos definidos en el plan de gestión integral de residuos sólidos municipal de tal forma que permitió la elaboración de propuestas de mejoramiento que buscan contribuir al buen manejo de los residuos generados en la zona de estudio. Como resultado final la investigación se articula con el escenario que promueve la sostenibilidad con la determinación de algunos efectos técnicos, sociales y económicos que impulsan la promoción de discusiones basadas en los modelos sociales y humanos que fortalecen de alguna u otra manera el progreso del municipio en cuanto al cambio de comportamientos encaminados a involucrar las actividades humanas con la racionalización de los recursos naturales

Estudio de factibilidad para la creación de la empresa Escarcha Eventos y Recepciones en la ciudad de Zipaquirá

Trabajo de gradoEl presente estudio de factibilidad se centra en la creación de la empresa de eventos “Escarcha Eventos y Recepciones” justificado en la creciente demanda del sector de Restaurantes, Catering y Bares en la zona de influencia de Zipaquirá- Cundinamarca; la cual contara con una oficina principal en el centro del municipio debido a la congregación de potenciales clientes por el turismo y comercio de la región; siendo una empresa que ofrece servicios todo incluido en cada uno de sus eventos y que cuenta con la capacidad de atender hasta 150 personas por evento.INTRODUCCIÓN 1. GENERALIDADES 2. DISEÑO METODOLOGICO 3.LEVANTAMIENTO DE INFORMACIÓN 4. CONCLUSIONES Y RECOMENDACIONES BIBLIOGRAFÍA ANEXOSEspecializaciónEspecialista en Formulación y Evaluación Social y Económica de Proyecto

Cadmium Contents in Biodegradable Films Made From Cassava

A Review of sample preparation and techniques used to determine Cadmium content in flexible films and biodegradable thermoformed products based on cassava. All determinations have been made using atomic absorption spectroscopy. The presence of this element in these matrices can be harmful if the maximum tolerated quantities are not complied by. The presence of Cadmium may be due, among other aspects, to the fact that it is present in the raw material, in industrial discharges or because it is found naturally. Its determination is an important parameter that needs to be considered as a good alternative for packaging

Evidence mapping based on systematic reviews of therapeutic interventions for soft tissue sarcomas

Soft tissue sarcomas are a heterogeneous group of rare tumours of mesenchymal origin. Evidence mapping is one of the most didactic and friendly approaches to organise and summarise the range of research activity in broad topic fields. The objective of this evidence mapping is to identify, describe and organise the current available evidence about therapeutic interventions on soft tissues sarcomas. We followed the methodology of global evidence mapping. We performed a search of the PubMed, EMBASE, The Cochrane Library and Epistemonikos to identify systematic reviews (SRs) with or without meta-analyses published between 1990 and March 2016. Two independent literature reviewers assessed eligibility and extracted data. Methodological quality of the included systematic reviews was assessed using AMSTAR. We organised the results according to identified PICO questions and used tables and a bubble plot to display the results. The map is based on 24 SRs that met eligibility criteria and included 66 individual studies. Three-quarters were either observational or uncontrolled clinical trials. The quality of the included SRs was in general moderate or high. We identified 64 PICO questions from them. The corresponding results mostly favoured the intervention arm. This evidence mapping was built on the basis of SRs, which mostly included non-experimental studies and were qualified by the AMSTAR tool as of moderate quality. The evidence mapping created from PICO questions is a useful approach to describe complex and huge clinical topics through graphical media and orientate further research to fulfil the existing gaps. However, it is important to delimitate the steps of the evidence mapping in a pre-established protocol

A positive feedback loop between AMPK and GDF15 promotes metformin antidiabetic effects

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Metformin, the most prescribed drug for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus, has been recently reported to promote weight loss by upregulating the anorectic cytokine growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15). Since the antidiabetic effects of metformin are mostly mediated by the activation of AMPK, a key metabolic sensor in energy homeostasis, we examined whether the activation of this kinase by metformin was dependent on GDF15. METHODS: Cultured hepatocytes and myotubes, and wild-type and Gdf15(-/-) mice were utilized in a series of studies to investigate the involvement of GDF15 in the activation of AMPK by metformin. RESULTS: A low dose of metformin increased GDF15 levels without significantly reducing body weight or food intake, but it ameliorated glucose intolerance and activated AMPK in the liver and skeletal muscle of wild-type mice but not Gdf15(-/-) mice fed a high-fat diet. Cultured hepatocytes and myotubes treated with metformin showed AMPK-mediated increases in GDF15 levels independently of its central receptor GFRAL, while Gdf15 knockdown blunted the effect of metformin on AMPK activation, suggesting that AMPK is required for the metformin-mediated increase in GDF15, which in turn is needed to sustain the full activation of this kinase independently of the CNS. CONCLUSION: Overall, these findings uncover a novel mechanism through which GDF15 upregulation by metformin is involved in achieving and sustaining full AMPK activation by this drug independently of the CNS