Dificuldades de aprendizagem no ensino fundamental

O referido trabalho tem por objetivo principal, identificar os fatores que interferem no processo ensino-aprendizagem das 3ª e 4ª séries do Ensino Fundamental da Escola Classe 39 da Ceilândia, categorizando-os em aspectos familiares, socioeconômico e culturais, linguagem oral e escrita e gestão escolar. À luz dos conhecimentos obtidos pelos autores colaboradores para enriquecimento e sustentação do referencial teórico, foi possível realizar análises e sugestões dos resultados obtidos na coleta e organização dos dados, organização essa exposta por meio de gráficos, tabelas e comentários. Para efetivação da pesquisa, alguns instrumentos serviram como base para orientar e desencadear esse processo como: análise documental (relatórios individuais dos alunos, projeto político pedagógico da escola, fichas individuais). Questionários aplicados aos pais e professores das 3ª e 4ª séries e informações complementares como conversa informal com professores. Este trabalho tem o intuito de apresentar sugestões a quem dele de apropriar. O problema de aprendizagem existe, é fato, e não deve ser tratado com descaso nem pela escola, tão pouco pela família, pois o problema é de toda a sociedade organizada. Não se trata apenas de encontrar o ‘responsável’, ainda é preciso identificar os caminhos pedagógicos que conduzirão os discentes a obtenção do sucesso, as características destes alunos a quem são atribuídas dificuldades de aprendizagem, as peculiaridades de sua cultura e a especificidade do processo individual de conhecer e construir o saber e sua capacidade de aprender

Detection of anti-infliximab antibodies is impacted by antibody titer, infliximab level and IgG4 antibodies: a systematic comparison of three different assays

Background: There is scant information on the accuracy of different assays used to measure anti-infliximab antibodies (ADAs), especially in the presence of detectable infliximab (IFX). We thus aimed to evaluate and compare three different assays for the detection of IFX and ADAs and to clarify the impact of the presence of circulating IFX on the accuracy of the ADA assays.Methods: Blood samples from 79 ulcerative colitis (UC) patients treated with infliximab were assessed for IFX levels and ADAs using three different assays: an in-house assay and two commercial kits, Immundiagnostik and Theradiag. Sera samples with ADAs and undetectable levels of IFX were spiked with exogenous IFX and analyzed for ADAs.Results: The three assays showed 81-96% agreement for the measured IFX level. However, the in-house assay and Immundiagnostik assays detected ADAs in 34 out of 79 samples, whereas Theradiag only detected ADAs in 24 samples. Samples negative for ADAs with Theradiag, but ADA-positive in both the in-house and Immundiagnostik assays, were positive for IFX or IgG4 ADAs. In spiking experiments, a low concentration of exogenous IFX (5 mu g/ml) hampered ADA detection with Theradiag in sera samples with ADA levels of between 3 and 10 mu g/ml. In the Immundiagnostik assay detection interference was only observed at concentrations of exogenous IFX higher than 30 mu g/ml. However, in samples with high levels of ADAs (> 25 mu g/ml) interference was only observed at IFX concentrations higher than 100 mu g/ml in all three assays. Binary (IFX/ADA) stratification of the results showed that IFX+/ADA and IFX-/ADAs + were less influenced by the assay results than the double-positive (IFX+/ADAs+) and double-negative (IFX-/ADAs-) combination.Conclusions: All three methodologies are equally suitable for measuring IFX levels. However, erroneous therapeutic decisions may occur when patients show double-negative (IFX-/ADAs) or double-positive (IFX+/ADAs+) status, since agreement between assays is significantly lower in these circumstances

O IMPACTO DO CÂNCER DE MAMA NA VIDA SEXUAL DAS MULHERES

  Anxiety and depression are currently the most common mental illnesses worldwide, affecting approximately 30% and 16.6% of women. Genetic factors play an important role in causing these diseases and are believed to be hereditary. Rates of anxiety and depression range from 30 to 40 percent. Although the causes of these diseases are not fully understood, many studies have been attempted. In this context, this study attempts to provide an overview of these diseases through a literature review, mental anxiety and depression, and the committee focused on genetic relationships, including potential candidate genes associated with both disorders. In addition to analyzing the literature obtained, the bibliographic databases PubMed/Medline, Lilacs, Scientific Electronic Library Online were used. After applying the eligibility criteria, 27 articles focusing on etiology were included. The neurobiological and genetic basis of these disorders, genes in GenBank, EMBL-EBI and Europe PubMed Central. These data highlight the importance of combining genetic and neurobiological approaches to elucidate the causes of these mental disorders and may lead to measures to predict risk, enable early diagnosis and promote more effective treatment strategies.  A ansiedade e a depressão são atualmente as doenças mentais mais comuns em todo o mundo, afetando aproximadamente 30% e 16,6% das mulheres. Fatores genéticos desempenham um papel importante na causa dessas doenças e acredita-se que sejam hereditárias. As taxas de ansiedade e depressão variam de 30 a 40 por cento. Embora as causas destas doenças não sejam totalmente compreendidas, muitos estudos têm sido tentados. Nesse contexto, este estudo tenta fornecer uma visão geral dessas doenças por meio de uma revisão de literatura, a ansiedade mental e depressão, e o comitê se concentrou nas relações genéticas, incluindo potenciais genes candidatos associados a ambos os transtornos. Além da análise da literatura obtida, foram utilizadas as bases bibliográficas PubMed/Medline, Lilacs, Scientific Electronic Library Online. Após aplicação dos critérios de elegibilidade foram incluídos 27 artigos com foco na etiologia. A base neurobiológica e genética desses distúrbios, genes no GenBank, EMBL-EBI e Europe PubMed Central. Esses dados destacam a importância de combinar abordagens genéticas e neurobiológicas elucidar as causas destes transtornos mentais pode levar a medidas para prever o risco, permitir o diagnóstico precoce e promover estratégias de tratamento mais eficazes

SARS-CoV-2 introductions and early dynamics of the epidemic in Portugal

Genomic surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 in Portugal was rapidly implemented by the National Institute of Health in the early stages of the COVID-19 epidemic, in collaboration with more than 50 laboratories distributed nationwide. Methods By applying recent phylodynamic models that allow integration of individual-based travel history, we reconstructed and characterized the spatio-temporal dynamics of SARSCoV-2 introductions and early dissemination in Portugal. Results We detected at least 277 independent SARS-CoV-2 introductions, mostly from European countries (namely the United Kingdom, Spain, France, Italy, and Switzerland), which were consistent with the countries with the highest connectivity with Portugal. Although most introductions were estimated to have occurred during early March 2020, it is likely that SARS-CoV-2 was silently circulating in Portugal throughout February, before the first cases were confirmed. Conclusions Here we conclude that the earlier implementation of measures could have minimized the number of introductions and subsequent virus expansion in Portugal. This study lays the foundation for genomic epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 in Portugal, and highlights the need for systematic and geographically-representative genomic surveillance.We gratefully acknowledge to Sara Hill and Nuno Faria (University of Oxford) and Joshua Quick and Nick Loman (University of Birmingham) for kindly providing us with the initial sets of Artic Network primers for NGS; Rafael Mamede (MRamirez team, IMM, Lisbon) for developing and sharing a bioinformatics script for sequence curation (https://github.com/rfm-targa/BioinfUtils); Philippe Lemey (KU Leuven) for providing guidance on the implementation of the phylodynamic models; Joshua L. Cherry (National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health) for providing guidance with the subsampling strategies; and all authors, originating and submitting laboratories who have contributed genome data on GISAID (https://www.gisaid.org/) on which part of this research is based. The opinions expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not reflect the view of the National Institutes of Health, the Department of Health and Human Services, or the United States government. This study is co-funded by Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia and Agência de Investigação Clínica e Inovação Biomédica (234_596874175) on behalf of the Research 4 COVID-19 call. Some infrastructural resources used in this study come from the GenomePT project (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-022184), supported by COMPETE 2020 - Operational Programme for Competitiveness and Internationalisation (POCI), Lisboa Portugal Regional Operational Programme (Lisboa2020), Algarve Portugal Regional Operational Programme (CRESC Algarve2020), under the PORTUGAL 2020 Partnership Agreement, through the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), and by Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Síndrome compartimental após extravasamento de contraste: Compartment syndrome after contrast extravasation

Introdução: A síndrome compartimental decorrente do extravasamento de contraste pode ter diversas complicações, merecendo atenção para que seja evitada ou uma vez instaurada, tratada. Apresentação do caso: Paciente do sexo feminino, 65 anos de idade, ex-tabagista, hipertensa e portadora de doença aterosclerótico vascular periférica, em uso de Losartana e AAS. Sofreu queda sobre membro superior esquerdo e foi submetida à Tomografia Computadorizada com contraste iodado que extravasou ocasionando náusea, episódios de vômito e dor, edema, parestesia e prurido local, sendo diagnosticada com síndrome compartimental e tratada com fasciotomia. Discussão: A síndrome compartimental decorre do aumento da pressão em um compartimento osteofascial fechado, diversas podem ser as etiologias da compressão dentre elas o extravasamento de contraste iodado usado em Tomografias Computadorizadas, provocando de alterações cutâneas e comprometendo elementos vasculares, nervos e músculos levando a prejuízo tecidual, demandando intervenção rápida para diminuir a extensão dos agravos através da Fasciotomia associada a aspiração do contraste. Conclusão: A Síndrome compartimental causada por extravasamento de contraste iodado pode ter desfechos locais e sistêmicos severos, assim que feito seu diagnóstico deve ter abordagem definitiva o quanto antes para minimizar suas complicações