Abyssal ocean warming around Antarctica strengthens the Atlantic overturning circulation

The abyssal warming around Antarctica is one of the most prominent multidecadal signals of change in the global ocean. Here we investigate its dynamical impacts on the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) by performing a set of experiments with the ocean-sea ice model NEMO-LIM2 at 1/2 degrees horizontal resolution. The simulations suggest that the ongoing warming of Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW), already affecting much of the Southern Hemisphere with a rate of up to 0.05 degrees C decade(-1), has important implications for the large-scale meridional overturning circulation in the Atlantic Ocean. While the abyssal northward flow of AABW is weakening, we find the upper AMOC cell to progressively strengthen by 5-10% in response to deep density changes in the South Atlantic. The simulations suggest that the AABW-induced strengthening of the AMOC is already extending into the subtropical North Atlantic, implying that the process may counteract the projected decrease of the AMOC in the next decades

Analisis Kontribusi, Efektivitas dan Perhitungan Pbb-p2 Berdasarkan Njop pada Dinas Pengelola Keuangan Pendapatan dan Aset Kabupaten. Minahasa Selatan

Penerimaan dari sektor pajak diantaranya adalah Pajak Bumi dan Bangunan. PBB adalah iuran yang dikenakan terhadap pemilik, pemegang kekuasaan, penyewa dan yang memperoleh manfaat dari bumi atau bangunan sesuai dengan UU Nomor 12 Tahun 1985 sebagaimana terakhir telah diubah dengan UU Nomor 12 Tahun 1994 Pasal 1. Kabupaten Minahasa Selatan (Minsel) saat ini mengalami perkembangan dari berbagai sektor, salah satunya dengan pertumbuhan nilai tanah dan bangunan diiringi dengan kegiatan perekonomian yang ada, sehingga menyebabkan penerimaan dari sektor pajak khususnya PBB juga meningkat. Nilai Jual Objek Pajak (NJOP) adalah dasar perhitungan PBB. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui perhitungan PBB-P2 berdasarkan NJOP dan pengaruh terhadap penerimaan PBB yang ada di Kab. Minsel. Objek penelitian ada 6 kecamatan yaitu, Amurang, Amurang Barat, Amurang Timur, Maesaan, Tumpaan dan Tareran. Teknik Pengumpulan data yaitu studi lapangan di Dinas Pengelola Keuangan Pendapatan dan Aset Kab. Minsel. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah deksriptif. Hasil penelitian, terdapat bermacam-macam penetapan NJOP dan dikarenakan letak dan posisi objek pajak yang strategis dan menghasilkan kegiatan perekonomian. Pemerintah Kab. Minsel perlu melakukan penilaian kembali mengenai lokasi tanah dan bangunan sehingga menjadi relevan untuk menambah kontribusi terhadap PAD. Kata kunci: nilai jual objek pajak, pajak bumi dan banguna

Examining drinking water security and governance for rural coastal Nova Scotia within the context of climate change

Drinking water security, which most broadly refers to water of adequate quality and quantity, has largely been understudied within a Canadian context. This may coincide with the common misperceptions that Canada has an abundance of clean freshwater, despite documented cases that indicate otherwise. Moreover, the effects of climate change are anticipated to exacerbate the quality and quantity of water, especially in coastal regions around the world. When examining drinking water, it is important to consider the biophysical features and the human dimensions, as both have the capacity to diminish water security. However, the latter often receives less attention and focus than the former. This research presents an empirical case study on drinking water security for Nova Scotia’s tourism sector in light of climate change. More specifically, this paper explores the vulnerabilities associated with water security for private and municipal drinking water sources. The rural coastal communities of Shelburne and Queens serve as the context for this research. A participatory approach was used to gain an understanding of key issues, and involved the use of semi-structured interviews and participant observation. The results of this research reveal that many well owners are experiencing biophysical impacts (e.g. shortages, bacterial and saltwater contamination), as well as non-biophysical water issues (e.g. limited access due to power outages and water testing barriers). These issues are likely to become more problematic with climate change. This analysis also explains how these vulnerabilities have the potential to be further compounded by governance issues, such as knowledge gaps, complacent attitudes and perceptions, as they pose challenges for adaptation and capacity building. For municipal water, biophysical issues include high levels of organic matter, which makes the water not only more challenging and complex to treat, but it also demands a higher degree of knowledge and competence that may or may not exist within the water utilities. Moreover, access issues are experienced as a result of maintenance activities on aging and damaged infrastructure- often from extreme weather events, which again is anticipated to worsen with climate change. Additionally, governance issues for water utilities, such as mistrust, poor leadership, fragmented responsibilities and resource constraints, are also key contributing factors for undermining water security, as well as the ability to recruit and retain qualified staff. Recommendations to help address these vulnerabilities, and in turn enhance water security include, well owners becoming better informed, observant and proactive to help adapt to changes in their drinking water situation. For water utilities, establishing stronger partnerships with neighbouring municipalities to build capacity through knowledge sharing and transfer is key, particularly with persistent resource constraints. For the province it involves implementing ongoing evaluation of its current policies and procedures (e.g. water testing requirements) to ensure they remain relevant, effective, and equitable. Additionally, the province needs to do a better job of both supporting and monitoring its water utilities, which includes taking a stronger leadership role to help with resource constraints and capacity building efforts

MODEL LATIHAN CORE STABILITY EXERCISE PADA PEMAIN SEPAKBOLA DIKLAT IMRAN SOCCER ACADEMY USIA 15 TAHUN

RINGKASAN Agung Patara,. Model Latihan Core Stability Exercise Pada Pemain Sepakbola Diklat Imran Soccer Academy Usia 15 Tahun. Skripsi, Jakarta: Program Studi Ilmu Keolahragaan, Fakultas Ilmu keolahragaan, Universitas Negeri Jakarta, 2021. Sepakbola membutuhkan kemampuan fisik yang memberikan pengaruh terhadap keterampilan pemain sepakbola. Pada keterampilan setiap pemain sepakbola tidak lepas dari kualitas kondisi fisik mereka. Ada beberapa kondisi fisik, yaitu kecepatan, ketepatan, kekuatan, kelenturan, kelincahan, keseimbangan, daya tahan, koordinasi, dan reaksi. Core stability merupakan latihan yang dapat memberikan performa olahraga yang baik dengan menyediakan landasan unruk memproduksi kekuatan yang lebih besar pada ekstrimitas bawah dan atas. Core Stability Exercises merupakan model latihan yang digunakan dengan tujuan untuk meningkatkan kekuatan dan stabilitas pusat/batang tubuh. Metode yang digunakan pada model latihan core stability exercixe yaitu penelitian pengembangan atau research and development (R&D) dari model ADDIE yang dilakukan dalam 5 tahap. Konsep model yang dikembangkan didasari dalam model latihan yang akan digunakan. Dikarenakan penggunaan pada model latihan harus tepat. Pengembangan model latihan dibuat dalam bentuk tulisan dan gambar yang terdapat model latiahan core stability exercise pada pemain diklat Imran soccer academy usia 15 tahun. Pada model latihan Core Stability Exercises ini memiliki karakterisktik anak usia 15 Tahun yang dilihat dari aspek perkembangan fisik, perkembangan kognitif, perkembangan seni, perkembangan psikososial. Adapun hasil dari penelitian ini adalah bentuk model latihan Core Stability Exercises untuk usia 15 tahun layak digunakan dalam latihan sepakbola terutama latihan core stability dengan tujuan untuk membantu pelatih agar latihan lebih menarik, dan tidak membuat atlet merasa jenuh atau bosan. Berdasarkan dari hasil validasi ahli, maka diperoleh 17 bentuk model latihan Core Stability Exercises untuk usia 15 tahun yang layak untuk digunakan dari 17 bentuk model latihan Core Stability Exercises untuk usia 15 tahun yang telah dibuat oleh peneliti. Kata Kunci : sepakbola, core stability exercise, karakteristik anak usia 15 tahun ABSTRACT Agung Patara. Core Stability Exercise Model for 15 Years Old Imran Soccer Academy Training Football Players. Skripsi, Jakarta: Sport Science Study Program, Faculty of Sport Science, State University of Jakarta, 2021. Football requires physical abilities that affect the skills of football players. The skill of every football player cannot be separated from the quality of their physical condition. There are several physical conditions, namely speed, accuracy, strength, flexibility, agility, balance, endurance, coordination, and reaction. Core stability is an exercise that can provide good sports performance by providing a foundation for producing greater strength in the lower and upper extremities. Core Stability Exercises is an exercise model that is used with the aim of increasing the strength and stability of the center / trunk. The method used in the core stability exercise model is research and development (R&D) of the ADDIE model which is carried out in 5 stages. The concept of the developed model is based on the training model that will be used. Because the use of the training model must be appropriate. The development of the training model was made in the form of writing and pictures that contained a core stability exercise model for the 15-year-old Imran soccer academy training players. In the Core Stability Exercises model, the characteristics of 15-year-old children are seen from the aspects of physical development, cognitive development, artistic development, and psychosocial development. The results of this study are the form of the Core Stability Exercises training model for the age of 15 years is suitable for use in soccer training, especially core stability exercises with the aim of helping coaches make training more interesting, and not make athletes feel bored or bored. Based on the results of expert validation, 17 forms of Core Stability Exercises exercise models for 15 year olds are suitable for use from 17 forms of Core Stability Exercises exercise models for 15 year olds that have been made by researchers. Keywords: football, core stability exercise, characteristics of 15 year old

A framework for Model-Driven Engineering of resilient software-controlled systems

AbstractEmergent paradigms of Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things expect cyber-physical systems to reliably provide services overcoming disruptions in operative conditions and adapting to changes in architectural and functional requirements. In this paper, we describe a hardware/software framework supporting operation and maintenance of software-controlled systems enhancing resilience by promoting a Model-Driven Engineering (MDE) process to automatically derive structural configurations and failure models from reliability artifacts. Specifically, a reflective architecture developed around digital twins enables representation and control of system Configuration Items properly derived from SysML Block Definition Diagrams, providing support for variation. Besides, a plurality of distributed analytic agents for qualitative evaluation over executable failure models empowers the system with runtime self-assessment and dynamic adaptation capabilities. We describe the framework architecture outlining roles and responsibilities in a System of Systems perspective, providing salient design traits about digital twins and data analytic agents for failure propagation modeling and analysis. We discuss a prototype implementation following the MDE approach, highlighting self-recovery and self-adaptation properties on a real cyber-physical system for vehicle access control to Limited Traffic Zones

Bio-physical interactions and feedbacks in a global climate model

This PhD thesis addresses the topic of large-scale interactions between climate and marine biogeochemistry. To this end, centennial simulations are performed under present and projected future climate conditions with a coupled ocean-atmosphere model containing a complex marine biogeochemistry model. The role of marine biogeochemistry in the climate system is first investigated. Phytoplankton solar radiation absorption in the upper ocean enhances sea surface temperatures and upper ocean stratification. The associated increase in ocean latent heat losses raises atmospheric temperatures and water vapor. Atmospheric circulation is modified at tropical and extratropical latitudes with impacts on precipitation, incoming solar radiation, and ocean circulation which cause upper-ocean heat content to decrease at tropical latitudes and to increase at middle latitudes. Marine biogeochemistry is tightly related to physical climate variability, which may vary in response to internal natural dynamics or to external forcing such as anthropogenic carbon emissions. Wind changes associated with the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), the dominant mode of climate variability in the North Atlantic, affect ocean properties by means of momentum, heat, and freshwater fluxes. Changes in upper ocean temperature and mixing impact the spatial structure and seasonality of North Atlantic phytoplankton through light and nutrient limitations. These changes affect the capability of the North Atlantic Ocean of absorbing atmospheric CO2 and of fixing it inside sinking particulate organic matter. Low-frequency NAO phases determine a delayed response of ocean circulation, temperature and salinity, which in turn affects stratification and marine biogeochemistry. In 20th and 21st century simulations natural wind fluctuations in the North Pacific, related to the two dominant modes of atmospheric variability, affect the spatial structure and the magnitude of the phytoplankton spring bloom through changes in upper-ocean temperature and mixing. The impacts of human-induced emissions in the 21st century are generally larger than natural climate fluctuations, with the phytoplankton spring bloom starting one month earlier than in the 20th century and with ~50% lower magnitude. This PhD thesis advances the knowledge of bio-physical interactions within the global climate, highlighting the intrinsic coupling between physical climate and biosphere, and providing a framework on which future studies of Earth System change can be built on

The changing landscape of development assistance

"The last decade has witnessed the evolution of a new landscape of development cooperation. The rise of new financial contributions and models for meeting international development objectives that are beyond the definition of traditional official development assistance has redefined the contours of development assistance. These new development contributions include non-development assistance committee donors (India and China), climate finance funds, social impact investors, philanthropists, global funds and less concessional flows.

Estudo eletrocardiográfico em cães geriátricos submetidos à anestesia geral com isofluorano

The purpose of this study was to clarify the degree of influence of anesthetic agents commonly used during anesthesia on the heart conduction systems of geriatric dogs, with or without the presence of electrocardiographic changes in the pre-anesthetic electrocardiogram and also to determine the possible causes of ST-segment and T-wave changes during anesthesia, by monitoring ventilation and oxygenation. 36 geriatric dogs were evaluated. In addition to electrocardiographic evaluation, the pre-anesthetic study included serum levels of urea, creatinine, total protein, albumin and electrolytes. The pre-anesthetic medication consisted of acepromazine (0.05mg kg-1) in association with meperidine (3.0mg kg-1) by IM injection. Anesthesia was induced with propofol (3.0 to 5.0mg kg-1) by IV injection and maintained with isoflurane in 100% oxygen. During the anesthesia, the animals were monitored by continued computerized electrocardiogram. Systemic blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate, end-tidal carbon dioxide, partial pressure of carbon dioxide in arterial blood, arterial oxygen saturation, partial pressure of arterial oxygen and oxygen saturation of hemoglobin were closely monitored. During maintenance anesthesia, normal sinus rhythm was more common (78%). ST-segment and T-wave changes during the anesthetic procedure were quite common and were related to hypoventilation. The use of isoflurane did not result in arrhythmia, being therefore a good choice for this type of animal; Electrocardiographic findings of ST-segment and T-wave changes during the maintenance anesthesia were evident in animals with hypercapnia, a disorder that should be promptly corrected with assisted or controlled ventilation to prevent complicated arrhythmias.Os objetivos deste estudo foram esclarecer a influência dos agentes anestésicos comumente utilizados durante a anestesia no sistema de condução cardíaco em cães idosos, com ou sem alterações eletrocardiográficas prévias, e determinar as possíveis causas de alterações no segmento ST e onda T durante a anestesia, por meio da monitoração da ventilação e da oxigenação. Para tanto, foram avaliados 36 cães idosos. Os exames pré-anestésicos incluíram o eletrocardiograma e os níveis séricos de uréia, creatinina, proteína total, albumina e eletrólitos. A medicação pré-anestésica foi realizada com acepromazina (0,05mg kg-1) associada à meperidina (3,0mg kg-1) por via intramuscular. A indução da anestesia foi realizada com propofol e a manutenção foi feita com isofluorano com oxigênio a 100%. Durante a anestesia, os animais foram monitorados continuamente com um eletrocardiógrafo computadorizado. A pressão arterial sistêmica, a freqüência cardíaca, a freqüência respiratória, o dióxido de carbono expirado, a pressão parcial arterial de dióxido de carbono, a saturação de oxigênio arterial, a pressão parcial de oxigênio arterial e a saturação de oxigênio na hemoglobina também foram monitorados durante a anestesia. Durante a manutenção da anestesia, 78% dos animais apresentaram ritmo sinusal normal. As alterações no segmento ST e onda T foram freqüentes e relacionadas à hipoventilação. O isofluorano não promoveu o aparecimento de arritmias, sendo assim um fármaco indicado em animais idosos. As alterações em segmento ST e onda T foram evidentes em animais com hipercapnia. A correção da hipercapnia deve ser implementada por meio de ventilação controlada e/ou assistida a fim de prevenir arritmias mais complicadas