The Effect of Configuration to Interaction Energy Between The Segments of Chitosan and Ascorbic Acid Molecule: Theoretical Study of Drug Release Control

Polymer systems plays an important role in drug delivery, which can control the time release of the drug, reduce the rate of degradation of the drug, and can reduce the toxic properties of the drug. Chitosan is a polymer of N-acetyl glucosamine that is biocompatible, biodegradable, and have active groups that can be used as a drug carrier matrix to control the release rate of the drug in the human body. The related research has been conducted experimentally by applying chitosan as a matrix to control the release rate of ascorbic acid by in vitro in an aqueous medium. So that, this study aimed to describe the interactions that occur between segments of chitosan and ascorbic acid theoretically using ab initio computational methods. Software used is Gaussian03, while the level of theory and basis set calculations determined is HF-SCF / 6-31G (d, p). The results for the nine configuration interaction calculations indicate hydrogen bonds between ascorbic acid molecules and chitosan segment. The interaction energy obtained is different for each configuration. It can be used as a basis for explaining the gradual release of ascorbic acid molecule from chitosan matrix. Ascorbic acid molecules that bound to the matrix of chitosan with lower energy will be easier to release on the medium that used

Adapted Primary Literature in Authentic Science: Students’ Perception

Science textbooks only present scientific facts that cause the textbooks to seem not to promote scientific reasoning. Science learning also becomes not in line with the nature of Science. Then, Science learning requires applying authentic Science as an approach. Adapted Primary Literature (APL) is assumed to be able to achieve this objective. Therefore, this study aims to examine how APL is a source of Science learning in actualizing authentic Science. This research using a quasi-experimental method, 81 students from two 7th grade groups were involved as participants. One group analyzed APL using a jigsaw, another using a Numbered Heads Together (NHT). A perception questionnaire of APL was given. Quantitative analysis was only performed on data from 44 students due to other students’ participation that is lacked by a pandemic. The result showed both classes possess a high perception of APL. A mean difference test also showed that there were no differences in perception between the two classes. These indicated that analyzing APL was perceived as an authentic Science. Science teachers can utilize APL as an alternative way to actualize authentic Science with a relatively more straightforward model, strategy, and method than commonly applied

Implementation of Explicit-Reflective Approach to Improve Creative Thinking Skills of Students in Junior High School on Environmental Pollution Matter

The purpose of this study was to describe the effect of the implementation of explicit-reflective approach to the improvement creative thinking skills of students. This study used weak experiment with one-group pretest-posttest design. Participants in this study consisted of 33 students who are in first class on junior high school. Data was obtained from essay test of  creative thinking skills of students who do done twice are before learning (pretest) and after the implementation of learning (posttest) and questionnaire. Explicit-reflective approach in this study which were conducted in  4 steps namely black box, tracky tracks, puzzle solving activity, and reflection. Implementation of  explicit-reflective approach done by 3 times. The results of this study showed that implementation  of explicit-reflective approach to science learning can improve creative tinking skills of students with n-gain score  is 0.42 (medium category) with significance value is 0,00. This improvement was supported by positive respond from students respond about the implementation explicit reflective approach. The improvement of creative thinking skills of students in environmental pollution matter, especially visible on the indicator fluency, flexibility, elaboration, and evaluationKeyword : creative thinking skills, Explicit-Reflective Approach, environmental pollutio

EFEKTIVITAS MODEL ICARE UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KETERAMPILAN BERPIKIR KREATIF ALAT OPTIK

ABSTRAKTujuan pendidikan pada saat ini adalah untuk mendidik individu yang dapat memecahkan suatu permasalahan yang mereka temui dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Salah satu keterampilan yang dibutuhkan untuk memecahkan permasalahan yaitu keterampilan berpikir kreatif. Keterampilan berpikir kreatif merupakan salah satu cara berpikir yang dibutuhkan dalam kehidupan kerja dan masyarakat di abad 21, yang harus dilatihkan kepad apeserta didik Ketika proses pembelajaran. Namun kenyataannya, keterampilan berpikir kreatif ini jarang sekali dilatihkan kepada peserta didik dalam proses pembelajaran. Maka penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menerapkan model pembelajaran ICARE untuk meningkatkan keterampilan berpikir kreatif peserta didik pada materi alat optik. Digunakan metode penelitian semu (quasi experiment) dengan desain one group pretest posttest. Instrumen penelitian berupa soal uraian sebanyak 12 soal yang sudah diuji validitas dan reliabilitasnya. Partisipan dalam penelitian ini adalah 24 peserta didik, dengan mengunakan teknik analisis data gain ternormalisasi untuk melihat peningkatan keterampilan berpikir kreatif dan uji effect size untuk mengetahui efek dari model pembelajaran ICARE. Hasil penelitian berupa nilai gain ternormalisasi sebesar 0,44 yang termasuk kategori sedang dengan taraf signifikansi 0,05. Selanjutnya diperoleh hasil uji effect size untuk keterampilan berpikir kreatif sebesar 3,47 yang termasuk pada kategori tinggi. Hasil ini menunjukan bahwa model pembelajaran ICARE efektif dalam meningkatkan keterampilan berpikir kreatif peserta didik pada materi alat optik. Kata kunci: model pembelajaran ICARE; keterampilan berpikir kreatif; alat optik ABSTRACTThe purpose of education is to guide students to solve problems in real life. One of the skills needed to solve problems is creative thinking skills. Creative thinking skills are one of the ways of thinking that a person needs in work life and society in the 21st century. However, in reality, these creative thinking skills are not trained to students in the learning process. So, this study aims to apply the ICARE learning model to improve the creative thinking skills of class XI SMA students on optical instrument material. A quasi-experimental research method was used with a one-group pretest-posttest research design. The instrument in this study was 12 questions that were reliable and valid in terms of descriptions of creative thinking skills and were given a score of 1-4 in accordance with the assessment rubric. Participants in this study were 24 students, with data analysis techniques using N-Gain and the effect size to determine the effect of the ICARE learning model. The result of this research is a normalized gain value of 0.44 which is included in the medium category with a significance level of 0.05. Furthermore, the effect size test results obtained for creative thinking skills of 3.47 which are included in the high category. These results that the ICARE learning model is effective in improving students' creative thinking skills in optical instrument material. Keywords: ICARE learning model; creative thinking skills; optical materia

Introduction, connection, application, reflection, and extension (ICARE) learning model: The impact on students’ collaboration and communication skills

The 21st-Century skills are skills that must be possessed by students to compete in the era of globalization. The provisioning of these skills to students can go through the physics learning process at school. Introduction, Connection, Application, Reflection, and Extension (ICARE) learning model is one of the learning models that can be applied in Physics learning in high school to train students' skills in critical thinking, creative thinking, communication, and collaboration. The purpose of this study was to determine the improvement of communication and collaboration skills of students after applying the ICARE learning model. The research method used was quasi-experimental with a single-group interrupted time series design. The sample were high school students in one of the Karawang districts, consisting of 12 male students and 15 female students. During the learning activities, students will be given a worksheet with several different questions each meeting tailored to the material being studied, and the answer will be used as a source for analyzing their written communication skills. These questions lead students to be able to communicate the results of their experiments following scientific principles. Experimental activities conducted by students will be analyzed to measure their collaborative skills, and students' presentations will be used to measure their oral communication skills. The improvement of those three aspects was analyzed at each meeting. The results showed that the implementation of learning using the ICARE approach was able to improve the ability of students to collaborate with an average score of 7.87 at the first meeting to 15.93 at the second meeting. While the communication, especially report-writing skills of students, increased from the average of1.53 at the first meeting to 3.6 at the second meeting. The aspect of making presentation material increased from 1.67 to 3.17, and the aspect of oral presentation increased from 1.53 to 3.53 at the second meeting. Based on the results obtained, it can be concluded that students' communication and collaboration skills improve after the ICARE learning model implemente

Trends in the Development of Physics Learning Multimedia in Indonesia: A Literature Review

This study aims to analyze the development of multimedia technology in physics learning based on the needs of the process and learning outcomes. This research is a literature review research. The research subjects consisted of ten journal articles selected from the Scopus Index database in the last five years. The results of data analysis show that learning physics with multimedia can stimulate students' learning abilities well. The trend of research development shows that the use of multimedia in physics learning in Indonesia is growing rapidly at this time. In addition, multimedia learning physics is more on the content of introduction to solid matter physics, earth and space science, multimedia learning physics, experimental physics, electricity, modern physics, introduction to core physics, and quantum physics. The conclusion obtained from this analysis is that the level of multimedia needs in physics learning in Indonesia is still very hig

Learning Management System supported smartphone (LMS3): Online learning application in physics for school course to enhance digital literacy of pre-service physics teachers

This study aimed to examine the development of an online learning application in the physics for school course using the ADDIE model. The application is Learning Management System Supported Smartphone (LMS3), which facilitates pre-service physics teachers to enhance digital literacy. The need assessment was analysed based on learning objectives and designed LMS3 using a flow chart and storyboard. LMS3 was developed by professional programmers, filled with content, and validated by experts. It was then implemented and evaluated in the physics for school course. This descriptive study involved media and pedagogical experts and 40 pre-service physics teachers in Tasikmalaya. Data were collected through literature reviews, expert validation, and pre-service physics teacher perception questionnaires obtained using a Likert scale. The expert validation results were processed using the value equation developed by Aiken. The results showed a validation value of 1, meeting the minimum application requirements. Additionally, pre-service physics teachers positively responded to LMS3, which has good display, function, and effect on their learning motivation and digital literacyPeer Reviewe

Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Discovery Learning terhadap Hasil Beajar Siswa pada Subtema 2 Pentingnya Makanan Sehat Bagi Tubuh dKelas V SD Negeri 122345 Pematangsiantar

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui 1) Hasil belajar siswa pada Subtema 2 Pentingnya Makanan Sehat Bagi Tubuh dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran Discovery Learning di kelas V SD Negeri 122345 Pematangsiantar, 2) Pengaruh yang signifikan penggunaan model pembelajaran Discovery Learning terhadap hasil belajar siswa pada Subtema 2 kelas V di SD Negeri 122345 Pematangsiantar. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian jenis kuantitatif dengan menggunakan desain True Experimental tipe Pretest-Posttest Control Group. Variabel bebas dalam penelitian dalam penelitian ini adalah model pembelajaran Discovery Learning sedangkan variabel terikatnya adalah hasil belajar kelas V. Populasi dalam penelitian adalah seluruh siswa kelas V SD Negeri 122345 Pematangsiantar yang berjumlah 28 siswa. Sampel yang digunakan adalah seluruh siswa kelas V dengan jumlah 28 siswa. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini berupa tes dalam bentuk pilihan ganda dan observasi. Hasil perhitungan uji-t yang telah dilakukan di kelas V maka didapatkan  memperoleh nilai 2,048 dan adalah 11,380 sehingga hasilnya  yang artinya diterima dan  ditolak. Jadi, dapat disimpulkan bahwa ada pengaruh model pembelajaran Discovery Learning terhadap hasil belajar siswa pada Subtema 2 Pentingnya Makanan Sehat Bagi Tubuh di Kelas V SD Negeri 122345 Pematangsiantar

PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN LEVEL OF INQUIRY DENGAN VIRTUAL LAB TERHADAP KETERAMPILAN PROSES SAINS PESERTA DIDIK SMA PADA MATERI FLUIDA STATIS

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dampak penerapan Level of Inquiry dengan virtual lab terhadap Keterampilan Proses Sains peserta didik kelas XI di salah satu SMA Negeri di Kota Bandung pada materi fluida statis. Jenis penelitian ini adalah pre-eksperimental design dengan desain one group pre-post test design. Sampel penelitian ini terdiri dari 1 kelas dengan jumlah  siswa 32 orang. Instrument penelitian berupa 15 soal pilihan ganda, soal LKPD dengan kategori peningkatan merujuk rubrik yang dikembangkan oleh lati W, dan lembar keterlaksanaan pembelajaran Level of Inquiry. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Keterampilan Proses Sains meningkat dengan nilai rata-rata pre-test 51,04, nilai rata-rata post test 83,13 dan nilai N-Gain 0,65 berkategori sedang. Selain itu nilai rata-rata Keterampilan Proses Sains siswa pada 3 pertemuan dengan menggunakan LKPD pertemuan I yaitu 81,42, pertemuan II yaitu 85,94 dan pertemuan III yaitu 83,71. Simpulan dari penelitian ini, Level of Inquiry dengan virtual lab memberikan dampak terhadap Keterampilan Proses Sains peserta didik

Dampak Asesmen Portofolio terhadap Pemahaman Konsep dan Sikap Siswa Sekolah Menengah Pertama pada Materi Gaya dan Gerak

Kurikulum 2013 mensyaratkan penggunaan penilaian autentik sebagai penilaian hasil belajar peserta didik. Akan tetapi penggunaan penilaian autentik masih jarang digunakan dan belum optimal. Guru masih cenderung terfokus pada penilaian berupa tes tertulis. Asesmen portofolio merupakan bagian dari penilaian autentik yang dianjurkan penerapannya dalam Kurikulum 2013. Asesmen portofolio adalah metode penilaian berdasarkan hasil karya siswa dalam jangka waktu tertentu yang menunjukkan perkembangan dan peningkatan kemampuan siswa selama pembelajaran. Perkembangan siswa yang dapat diketahui antara lain pemahaman konsep dan sikap siswa terhadap Fisika. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui sejauh mana dampak asesmen portofolio terhadap pemahaman konsep dan sikap siswa terhadap Fisika. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada satu kelas eksperimen. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas VIII pada salah satu SMP Negeri di Kota Bandung. Instrumen asesmen portofolio siswa berupa tugas mandiri dan tugas proyek. Pemahaman konsep siswa dievaluasi menggunakan instrumen berupa tes objektif pilihan ganda, sedangkan sikap siswa diukur dengan instrumen angket Test of Science Related Attitudes (TOSRA). Pemahaman konsep dalam penelitian ini termasuk dalam domain ranah kognitif tingkatan kedua mengacu pada taksonomi Bloom Revisi menurut Anderson & Krathwohl yang meliputi 7 proses-proses kognitif antara lain: menafsirkan, mencontohkan, menglasifikasikan, merangkum, menyimpulkan, membandingkan, dan menjelaskan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan asesmen portofolio dapat meningkatkan pemahaman konsep siswa dan sikap siswa terhadap Fisika secara signifikan. Selain itu asesmen portofolio dapat memberikan gambaran rekam jejak siswa selama proses pembelajaran