Phytase production by Aspergillus niger NCIM 563 for a novel application to degrade organophosphorus pesticides

Additional file 2. Additional data

Electrical expression of spin accumulation in ferromagnet/semiconductor structures

We treat the spin injection and extraction via a ferromagnetic metal/semiconductor Schottky barrier as a quantum scattering problem. This enables the theory to explain a number of phenomena involving spin-dependent current through the Schottky barrier, especially the counter-intuitive spin polarization direction in the semiconductor due to current extraction seen in recent experiments. A possible explanation of this phenomenon involves taking into account the spin-dependent inelastic scattering via the bound states in the interface region. The quantum-mechanical treatment of spin transport through the interface is coupled with the semiclassical description of transport in the adjoining media, in which we take into account the in-plane spin diffusion along the interface in the planar geometry used in experiments. The theory forms the basis of the calculation of spin-dependent current flow in multi-terminal systems, consisting of a semiconductor channel with many ferromagnetic contacts attached, in which the spin accumulation created by spin injection/extraction can be efficiently sensed by electrical means. A three-terminal system can be used as a magnetic memory cell with the bit of information encoded in the magnetization of one of the contacts. Using five terminals we construct a reprogrammable logic gate, in which the logic inputs and the functionality are encoded in magnetizations of the four terminals, while the current out of the fifth one gives a result of the operation.Comment: A review to appear in Mod. Phys. Lett.

Carica papaya leaves: One of dynamic plant parts having multiple therapeutic activities

Introduction: Papaya (Carica papaya Linn.) belongs to the Caricaceae family. Papaya is well known around the world for its medicinal and nutritional properties. Various parts of the plant like, fruits, roots, bark, peel, seeds and pulp are known to have medicinal properties and scientifically established for the various properties. Since the ancient times, part of plants has been utilized for their medicinal values. The plant contains high amount of vitamins A, B and C as well as proteolytic enzyme such as papain and chymopapain. Due to such type of versatile phytoconstituents, the plants show lots of pharmacological application. In this review article we summarized the information regarding the various pharmacological activities of papaya leaf such as anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, antispasmodic, antifungal, antisickling, antioxidant, antimicrobial, antimalarial, as well as helps in proper digestion, hair growth, skin related problems and relief in menstrual pain. Methods: All information presented in this review article regarding the beneficial application of Carica papaya leaf extract has been acquired by imminent various electronic databases including Scopus, Google scholar, Science Direct, Web of science, and PubMed. Result: The papaya plant, including fruit, leaves, seed, bark, latex and its ingredients, plays an important part in the management of progressive illness. The papaya leaf contains active ingredients such as alkaloids, glycosides, phenols, tannins, saponins and the flavonoids responsible for the basketful therapeutic function. Conclusion: The main findings showed that papaya leaf extract has strong medicinal properties. The leaves of papaya may also useful in cosmetic applications

Aortic dissection type I in a weightlifter with hypertension: A case report

Acute aortic dissection can occur at the time of intense physical exertion in strength-trained athletes like weightlifters, bodybuilders, throwers, and wrestlers

Effect of Raw Material Quality on Quality and Yield of Dried Fish Products

Dried fish products were prepared from siganid (Siganus sutor) and anchovy (Stolephorus sp.) using solar drying and from flounder (Paralichthys patagonicus) using atmospheric freeze-drying. Very good correlations were obtained between raw material quality and dried fish quality, in a dimensionless scale. A lower slope was obtained for flounder (R2= 0.971) when comparing with siganid and anchovy (R2= 0.892), indicating that raw material quality influences the quality of final products, being higher in fatty than in lean fish. This information is useful to reject unsuitable raw material before processing. A correlation between quality of raw material and process yield is presented

Evidence of atmospheric nanoparticle formation from emissions of marine microorganisms

International audienceEarth, as a whole, can be considered as a living organism emitting gases and particles into its atmosphere, in order to regulate its own temperature. In particular, oceans may respond to climate change by emitting particles that ultimately will influence cloud coverage. At the global scale, a large fraction of the aerosol number concentration is formed by nucleation of gas-phase species, but this process has never been directly observed above oceans. Here we present, using semicontrolled seawater-air enclosures, evidence that nucleation may occur from marine biological emissions in the atmosphere of the open ocean. We identify iodine-containing species as major precursors for new particle clusters’ formation, while questioning the role of the commonly accepted dimethyl sulfide oxidation products, in forming new particle clusters in the region investigated and within a time scale on the order of an hour. We further show that amines would sustain the new particle formation process by growing the new clusters to larger sizes. Our results suggest that iodine-containing species and amines are correlated to different biological tracers. These observations, if generalized, would call for a substantial change of modeling approaches of the sea-to-air interactions

Deep-Sea Fish Distribution Varies between Seamounts: Results from a Seamount Complex off New Zealand

Fish species data from a complex of seamounts off New Zealand termed the “Graveyard Seamount Complex’ were analysed to investigate whether fish species composition varied between seamounts. Five seamount features were included in the study, with summit depths ranging from 748–891 m and elevation from 189–352 m. Measures of fish species dominance, rarity, richness, diversity, and similarity were examined. A number of factors were explored to explain variation in species composition, including latitude, water temperature, summit depth, depth at base, elevation, area, slope, and fishing effort. Depth at base and slope relationships were significant with shallow seamounts having high total species richness, and seamounts with a more gradual slope had high mean species richness. Species similarity was modelled and showed that the explanatory variables were driven primarily by summit depth, as well as by the intensity of fishing effort and elevation. The study showed that fish assemblages on seamounts can vary over very small spatial scales, in the order of several km. However, patterns of species similarity and abundance were inconsistent across the seamounts examined, and these results add to a growing literature suggesting that faunal communities on seamounts may be populated from a broad regional species pool, yet show considerable variation on individual seamounts

Characteristics of the Mesophotic Megabenthic Assemblages of the Vercelli Seamount (North Tyrrhenian Sea)

The biodiversity of the megabenthic assemblages of the mesophotic zone of a Tyrrhenian seamount (Vercelli Seamount) is described using Remotely Operated Vehicle (ROV) video imaging from 100 m depth to the top of the mount around 61 m depth. This pinnacle hosts a rich coralligenous community characterized by three different assemblages: (i) the top shows a dense covering of the kelp Laminaria rodriguezii; (ii) the southern side biocoenosis is mainly dominated by the octocorals Paramuricea clavata and Eunicella cavolinii; while (iii) the northern side of the seamount assemblage is colonized by active filter-feeding organisms such as sponges (sometimes covering 100% of the surface) with numerous colonies of the ascidian Diazona violacea, and the polychaete Sabella pavonina. This study highlights, also for a Mediterranean seamount, the potential role of an isolated rocky peak penetrating the euphotic zone, to work as an aggregating structure, hosting abundant benthic communities dominated by suspension feeders, whose distribution may vary in accordance to the geomorphology of the area and the different local hydrodynamic conditions