Експериментальні дослідження процесу різання головок коренеплодів цикорію

Reducing the energy consumption of the technological process of harvesting the main mass of chicory root buds is provided by developing, justifying the parameters and the use of advanced hooking modules. According to the results of field planned factor experiments, a regression equation is obtained, which characterizes the change in the cutting length of root heads from the initial speed of the knife, which is mounted rigidly on the pendulum of the copra at an angle to the direction of knife movement. The results of the study are the prerequisites for the development and improvement of methodology and methods of calculation and justification of rational structural and kinematic parameters of the working bodies of hook-harvesting modules of root-harvesting machines.Kеу wоrds: pendulum copier, hard knife, cutting length, knife speed, knife mounting angle, regression equation.Зниження енергоємності технологічного процесу збирання основного масиву гички коренеплодів цикорію забезпечується шляхом розробки, обгрунтування параметрів і застосування удосконалених гичкозбиральних модулів. За результатами реалізації польових планованих факторних експериментів отримано рівняння регресії, яке характеризують зміну довжини різання головок коренеплодів від початкової швидкості руху ножа, який встановленого жорстко на маятнику копра під кутом до напрямку переміщення ножа. Результати дослідження є передумовами розробки та удосконалення методології та методики розрахунку та обгрунтування раціональних конструктивно-кінематичних параметрів робочих органів гичкозбиральних модулів коренезбиральних машин.Ключові слова: маятниковий копір, жорсткий ніж, довжина різання, швидкість ножа, кут установки ножа, рівняння регресії

Radiofrequency ablation for treatment of varicose veins of lower limbs

Catedra chirurgie 1, Universitatea Naţională de Medicină „N.Pirogov”, Vinniţa, Ucraina, Al XII-lea Congres al Asociației Chirurgilor „Nicolae Anestiadi” din Republica Moldova cu participare internațională 23-25 septembrie 2015Introducere: Venele varicoase ale extremităţilor inferioare sunt frecvent întîlnite în populaţia ţărilor occidentale industrial dezvoltate afectînd 10-15% de bărbaţi şi 20-25% de femei. Această prevalenţă înaltă este responsabilă pentru costuri sociale şi medicale majore. Scopul studiului a fost evaluarea rezultatului clinic al tratamentului chirurgical prin ablaţie cu radiofrecvenţă (RFA) la bolnavii cu varice ale membrelor inferioare. Material şi metode: O sută patruzeci şi doi de bolnavi cu vene varicoase au fost supuşi RFA al segmentului proximal de venă safenă magna cu ajutorul dispozitivului “VNUS Closure”™. Diametrul venei a variat între 5 şi 20 mm. Cateterul pentru RFA a fost introdus prin puncţie percutană sau o incizie cutanată minimă. Toate intervenţiile au fost realizate sub anestezia locală infiltrativă cu ghidaj ultrasonor. Au fost studiate schimbările morfologice la nivelul peretelui venei safene magna supuse tratamentului prin RFA.Rezultate: Profunzimea necrozei a fost determinată la nivelul stratului endotelial şi subendotelial cu detaşarea caracteristică a acestora, cu colabarea şi îngustarea lumenului vascular. Specificul particular reprezintă lipsa fenomenului de neoangiogeneză la nivelul joncţiunii safenofemurale şi safenopopliteale. Aşa complicaţii ca parestezii sau echimoze au fost observate doar în 5 cazuri. Merită de subliniat absenţa sindromului dolor semnificativ în grupul pacienţilor studiaţi. Toţi bolnavii au fost externaţi peste 2 ore după intervenţie. Concluzii: Metoda are următoarele avantaje: durata scurtă a incapacităţii de muncă, utilizarea anesteziei locale, rezultatul estetic bun, durata redusă a intervenţiei, rezultatele precoce şi la distanţă favorabile, posibilitatea de obliterare a venelor cu diametrul mare şi lipsa necesităţii în analgezie postoperatorie.Introduction: Varicose veins of the lower limbs are a common condition affecting 10-15% of men and 20-25% of women in the developed countries of western world. This high prevalence is responsible for high medical and social costs. The aim was to study the clinical results of surgical treatment of patients with varicose veins of lower limbs using radiofrequency ablation (RFA). Material and methods: One hundred forty two patients with varicose veins underwent RFA of the above knee great saphenous vein by “VNUS Closure”™ procedure. The vein diameters were from 5 to 20 mm. The RF catheter was inserted via percutaneous puncture or through a small skin incision. All operations were performed under local, tumescent anesthesia, with ultrasound guidance. We studied morphological changes of the wall of great saphenous vein in patients who underwent treatment with RFA. Results: The depth of necrosis was within endothelial and subendothelial layer, but detachment of endothelial and subendothelial layers was characteristic with collapse and narrowing of vessel lumen. The special feature was lack of neoangiogenesis at the level of saphenofemoral and safenopopliteal junction. Such complications as paresthesia or ecchymosis were observed only in 5 cases. It should be noted that the studied patients had no significant pain syndrome. All patients were discharged 2 h after operation. Conclusions: Advantages of the method are shorter sick leave, using of local tumescent anesthesia, good cosmetic result, shorter duration of surgery, good immediate and late results, possibility to close the veins with a large diameter and no use of postoperative analgesics

Природоохоронні території як база розвитку екологічного туризму у Львівській області на прикладі національного природного парку "Сколівські Бескиди"

The existing objects of the nature reserve fund of the Lviv Region, which have important recreational tourism significance, are analyzed. It is revealed that national nature parks, which actively develop ecological tourism, are the most important for the recreational and tourism sphere. The peculiarities of development of ecological tourism in national nature parks are analysed. It is found that the most widespread type of ecological tourism in the protected areas is the walking ecological trails. The recreational and tourism resources of Skolevski Beskydy National Nature Park are considered for their conservation and rational use. In particular, the ecological-cognitive trails and routes are as follows: Skole town – Parashka Mount – Maidan village; Buchyna; Lopata; Vodospad; Nyzhnie Synovydnie – Trukhaniv – Kliuch Mountain – Skole, and cycling route Skole – Kliuch – Skeli Dovbusha – Bolechiv – Stryi. We have defined that promising for recreational use is the valley of the Great River, Tustan Fortress (Pidgorodovtsevsky Forestry), the valley of the Kam'yanka River (Dubinske Forestry), the tract of Pavlov Potyk, Zelemianka (Skole Forestry), Skole town, the tract of Panasivka (Korostiv Forestry). The problems and perspectives of use of recreational and tourist resources of Skole region for ecotourism are covered. An important task of Lviv national nature parks and Skolivsky Beskydy NNP, in particular, is the management (planning, organization, coordination, control) of recreational (tourism) activities, in particular visiting the territory. It is also established that these are the national nature parks that create a unique opportunity to reconcile nature conservation tasks with the needs of balanced use of natural resources and recreation of the population. National nature parks are a catalyst for the sustainable development of the region and a base for the development of recreational, tourism, environmental education, environmental protection, scientific activities, and an incentive for the development of related types of entrepreneurial activity in the area. The park promotes ecologization of various areas of economic activity carried out on its territory (forest, water and hunting).Проаналізовано наявні об'єкти природно-заповідного фонду Львівської області, які мають важливе рекреаційне туристичне значення. Виявлено, що найбільше значення для рекреаційно-туристичної сфери мають національні природні парки, в яких активно розвивається екологічний туризм. Проаналізовано особливості розвитку екологічного туризму у Національних природних парках та встановлено, що найпоширенішим видом екологічного туризму у природно-заповідних зонах є прогулянки екологічними стежками. Розглянуто рекреаційно-туристичні ресурси Національного природного парку "Сколівські Бескиди", шляхи їх збереження та раціонального використання. Зокрема, еколого-пізнавальні стежки та маршрути: "м. Сколе – г. Парашка – с. Майдан"; "Бучина"; "Лопата"; "Водоспад"; "Нижнє Синьовидне – Труханів – гора Ключ – Сколе" та велосипедний маршрут "Сколе – Ключ – Скелі Довбуша – Болехів – Стрий". Встановлено, що перспективними для рекреаційного використання є долина р. Велика річка, фортеця "Тустань" (Підгородцівське лісництво), долина р. Кам'янки (Дубинське лісництво), урочища Павлів Потік, Зелем'янка (Сколівське лісництво), м. Сколе, урочище Панасівка (Коростівське лісництво). Висвітлено проблеми та перспективи використання рекреаційно-туристичних ресурсів Сколівщини для екотуризму

Methodical instructions for performing practical work on the subject "Operation and maintenance of machines" for students of all forms of studyDirection of preparation 131 " Applied mechanics"

1. DETERMINATION OF THE LENGTH OF REPAIR CYCLES AND REPAIR PERIODS OF EQUIPMENT OF THE MACHINE-BUILDING ENTERPRISE 5 2. DETERMINING THE CONJUGATION RESOURCE 9 3. DETERMINATION OF THE CRITERIA FOR THE STABILITY OF THE TECHNOLOGICAL PROCESS AND ENSURING THE ACCURACY OF MACHINING ON THE LATHE THROUGH RATIONAL TUNING 18 4. DETERMINATION OF FORCES ON THE HANDLES OF MOVEMENT AND CLAMPING OF ORGANS, BACKLASHES, ACCURACY OF MOVEMENTS ALONG THE LIMBS, THEIR CALCULATION 24 5. EFFECT OF CLAMPING FORCE ON PROCESSING ACCURACY 34 6. THE INFLUENCE OF TEMPERATURE DEFORMATIONS ON THE ACCURACY OF PROCESSING PARTS 41 7. DETERMINATION OF THE DEVIATION FROM THE STRAIGHTNESS OF THE MOVEMENT OF THE WORKING BODY IN A GIVEN PLANE 44 8. LITERATUR

E1-Like Activating Enzyme Atg7 Is Preferentially Sequestered into p62 Aggregates via Its Interaction with LC3-I

p62 is constitutively degraded by autophagy via its interaction with LC3. However, the interaction of p62 with LC3 species in the context of the LC3 lipidation process is not specified. Further, the p62-mediated protein aggregation's effect on autophagy is unclear. We systemically analyzed the interactions of p62 with all known Atg proteins involved in LC3 lipidation. We find that p62 does not interact with LC3 at the stages when it is being processed by Atg4B or when it is complexed or conjugated with Atg3. p62 does interact with LC3-I and LC3-I:Atg7 complex and is preferentially recruited by LC3-II species under autophagic stimulation. Given that Atg4B, Atg3 and LC3-Atg3 are indispensable for LC3-II conversion, our study reveals a protective mechanism for Atg4B, Atg3 and LC3-Atg3 conjugate from being inappropriately sequestered into p62 aggregates. Our findings imply that p62 could potentially impair autophagy by negatively affecting LC3 lipidation and contribute to the development of protein aggregate diseases. © 2013 Gao et al

Following autophagy step by step

Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved lysosomal degradation route for soluble components of the cytosol and organelles. There is great interest in identifying compounds that modulate autophagy because they may have applications in the treatment of major diseases including cancer and neurodegenerative disease. Hundeshagen and colleagues describe this month in BMC Biology a screening assay based on flow cytometry that makes it possible to track distinct steps in the autophagic process and thereby identify novel modulators of autophagy

PKD is a kinase of Vps34 that mediates ROS-induced autophagy downstream of DAPk

Autophagy, a process in which cellular components are engulfed and degraded within double-membrane vesicles termed autophagosomes, has an important role in the response to oxidative damage. Here we identify a novel cascade of phosphorylation events, involving a network of protein and lipid kinases, as crucial components of the signaling pathways that regulate the induction of autophagy under oxidative stress. Our findings show that both the tumor-suppressor death-associated protein kinase (DAPk) and protein kinase D (PKD), which we previously showed to be phosphorylated and consequently activated by DAPk, mediate the induction of autophagy in response to oxidative damage. Furthermore, we map the position of PKD within the autophagic network to Vps34, a lipid kinase whose function is indispensable for autophagy, and demonstrate that PKD is found in the same molecular complex with Vps34. PKD phosphorylates Vps34, leading to activation of Vps34, phosphatydilinositol-3-phosphate (PI(3)P) formation, and autophagosome formation. Consistent with its identification as a novel inducer of the autophagic machinery, we show that PKD is recruited to LC3-positive autophagosomes, where it localizes specifically to the autophagosomal membranes. Taken together, our results describe PKD as a novel Vps34 kinase that functions as an effecter of autophagy under oxidative stress

DOR/Tp53inp2 and Tp53inp1 Constitute a Metazoan Gene Family Encoding Dual Regulators of Autophagy and Transcription

Human DOR/TP53INP2 displays a unique bifunctional role as a modulator of autophagy and gene transcription. However, the domains or regions of DOR that participate in those functions have not been identified. Here we have performed structure/function analyses of DOR guided by identification of conserved regions in the DOR gene family by phylogenetic reconstructions. We show that DOR is present in metazoan species. Invertebrates harbor only one gene, DOR/Tp53inp2, and in the common ancestor of vertebrates Tp53inp1 may have arisen by gene duplication. In keeping with these data, we show that human TP53INP1 regulates autophagy and that different DOR/TP53INP2 and TP53INP1 proteins display transcriptional activity. The use of molecular evolutionary information has been instrumental to determine the regions that participate in DOR functions. DOR and TP53INP1 proteins share two highly conserved regions (region 1, aa residues 28–42; region 2, 66–112 in human DOR). Mutation of conserved hydrophobic residues in region 1 of DOR (that are part of a nuclear export signal, NES) reduces transcriptional activity, and blocks nuclear exit and autophagic activity under autophagy-activated conditions. We also identify a functional and conserved LC3-interacting motif (LIR) in region 1 of DOR and TP53INP1 proteins. Mutation of conserved acidic residues in region 2 of DOR reduces transcriptional activity, impairs nuclear exit in response to autophagy activation, and disrupts autophagy. Taken together, our data reveal DOR and TP53INP1 as dual regulators of transcription and autophagy, and identify two conserved regions in the DOR family that concentrate multiple functions crucial for autophagy and transcription

Valosin-containing protein (VCP) is required for autophagy and is disrupted in VCP disease

Accumulation of autophagosomes because of impaired autophagy during valosin-containing protein (VCP)–linked dementia is explained by the absence or reduced activity of VCP