18 research outputs found
Molecular Epidemiology of Klebsiella pneumoniae Strains Causing Bloodstream Infections in Adults
Molecular epidemiology of Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteremic strains allows for a better understanding of preventive and therapeutic strategies. Clinical and microbiological characteristics of 348 K. pneumoniae bacteremia cases (2007-2009) were retrospectively characterized by multilocus sequence typing and extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) production. Overall, 223 (64.08%) cases were nosocomial (NA), 58 (16.67%) healthcare associated, and 67 (19.25%) community acquired. The main infection origins were urinary tract (16.6%, 50.0%, and 43.3%), biliary tract (10.8%, 24.2%, and 31.3%), and catheter-related infection (39.9%, 5.2%, and 0%). The 30-day mortality rate was around 20%. The rates of resistance were around 45% the highest being among NA cases, and ESBL production was detected in 7.2% of cases. A total of 161 different sequence types were grouped into 13 clonal sets by e-burst analysis. No relationship could be established between clonal sets and the origin of infection or the healthcare-related settings. The high genetic variability among the isolates suggests their intrapatient endogenous origin
NWP Activities at AEMET (Spain): 41th EWGLAM & 26th SRNWP Meetings
Póster presentado en: 41th EWGLAM & 26th SRNWP Meetings, celebrado del 30 de septiembre al 3 de octubre de 2019 en Sofia (Bulgaria)
High temperature distributed measurements using multimode gold-coated fiber and BOTDA sensor
RESUMEN: En este trabajo se presenta un sensor distribuido basado en la dispersión estimulada de Brillouin combinado con el empleo de una fibra multimodo con cubierta de oro que permite la realización de medidas distribuidas a alta temperatura. Con este sistema de medida se han realizado medidas de zonas calientes en la fibra hasta alcanzar una temperatura máxima de 600ºC sin que la fibra presente degradación en sus propiedades. La precisión de las medidas está en torno a los 10ºC.ABSTRACT: We present a distributed sensor based on stimulated Brillouin scattering with a gold-coated multimode fiber to carry out high temperature distributed measurements. With this sensor system, it is possible to measure hotspots in the optical fiber up to 600ºC ensuring that the optical fiber does not suffer any detrimental effect on its properties. The achieved accuracy of the measurements is about 10ºC.Este trabajo ha sido cofinanciadopor los proyectos TEC2013-47264-C2-1-R, TEC2016-76021-C2-2-R (AEI/
FEDER, UE), por la beca BES-2014-069736 del gobierno de España y por la beca postdoctoral del Parlamento de Cantabria
Multicentre, randomised, open-label, phase IV-III study to evaluate the efficacy of cloxacillin plus fosfomycin versus cloxacillin alone in adult patients with methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia: Study protocol for the SAFO trial
Introduction Methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) bacteraemia is a frequent condition, with high mortality rates. There is a growing interest in identifying new therapeutic regimens able to reduce therapeutic failure and mortality observed with the standard of care of beta-lactam monotherapy. In vitro and small-scale studies have found synergy between cloxacillin and fosfomycin against S. aureus. Our aim is to test the hypothesis that cloxacillin plus fosfomycin achieves higher treatment success than cloxacillin alone in patients with MSSA bacteraemia. Methods We will perform a superiority, randomised, open-label, phase IV-III, two-armed parallel group (1:1) clinical trial at 20 Spanish tertiary hospitals. Adults (=18 years) with isolation of MSSA from at least one blood culture =72 hours before inclusion with evidence of infection, will be randomly allocated to receive either cloxacillin 2 g/4-hour intravenous plus fosfomycin 3 g/6-hour intravenous or cloxacillin 2 g/4-hour intravenous alone for 7 days. After the first week, sequential treatment and total duration of antibiotic therapy will be determined according to clinical criteria by the attending physician. Primary endpoints: (1) Treatment success at day 7, a composite endpoint comprising all the following criteria: patient alive, stable or with improved quick-Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score, afebrile and with negative blood cultures for MSSA at day 7. (2) Treatment success at test of cure (TOC) visit: patient alive and no isolation of MSSA in blood culture or at another sterile site from day 8 until TOC (12 weeks after randomisation). We assume a rate of treatment success of 74% in the cloxacillin group. Accepting alpha risk of 0.05 and beta risk of 0.2 in a two-sided test, 183 subjects will be required in each of the control and experimental groups to obtain statistically significant difference of 12% (considered clinically significant). Ethics and dissemination Ethical approval has been obtained from the Ethics Committee of Bellvitge University Hospital (AC069/18) and from the Spanish Medicines and Healthcare Product Regulatory Agency (AEMPS, AC069/18), and is valid for all participating centres under existing Spanish legislation. The results will be presented at international meetings and will be made available to patients and funders. © Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2021. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ
Implications of Unconnected Micro, Molecular, and Molar Level Research in Psychology: The Case of Executive Functions, Self-Regulation, and External Regulation
The proliferation of research production in Psychology as a science has been increasing
exponentially. This situation leads to the necessity of organizing the research production
into different levels of analysis that make it possible to delimit each research domain.
The objective of this analysis is to clearly distinguish the different levels of research:
micro-analysis, molecular, and molar. Each level is presented, along with an analysis
of its benefits and limitations. Next, this analysis is applied to the topics of Executive
Functions, Self-Regulation, and External Regulation. Conclusions, limitations, and
implications for future research are offered, with a view toward a better connection of
research production across the different levels, and an allusion to ethical considerationsThis study was supported by R&D Project EDU2011-24805,
PGC2018-094672-B-I00 (Ministry of Science and Education,
Spain), and UAL18-SEJ-DO31-A-FEDER (University of
Almería), and the European Social Fund
Diverse Large HIV-1 Non-subtype B Clusters Are Spreading Among Men Who Have Sex With Men in Spain
In Western Europe, the HIV-1 epidemic among men who have sex with men (MSM) is dominated by subtype B. However, recently, other genetic forms have been reported to circulate in this population, as evidenced by their grouping in clusters predominantly comprising European individuals. Here we describe four large HIV-1 non-subtype B clusters spreading among MSM in Spain. Samples were collected in 9 regions. A pol fragment was amplified from plasma RNA or blood-extracted DNA. Phylogenetic analyses were performed via maximum likelihood, including database sequences of the same genetic forms as the identified clusters. Times and locations of the most recent common ancestors (MRCA) of clusters were estimated with a Bayesian method. Five large non-subtype B clusters associated with MSM were identified. The largest one, of F1 subtype, was reported previously. The other four were of CRF02_AG (CRF02_1; n = 115) and subtypes A1 (A1_1; n = 66), F1 (F1_3; n = 36), and C (C_7; n = 17). Most individuals belonging to them had been diagnosed of HIV-1 infection in the last 10 years. Each cluster comprised viruses from 3 to 8 Spanish regions and also comprised or was related to viruses from other countries: CRF02_1 comprised a Japanese subcluster and viruses from 8 other countries from Western Europe, Asia, and South America; A1_1 comprised viruses from Portugal, United Kingom, and United States, and was related to the A1 strain circulating in Greece, Albania and Cyprus; F1_3 was related to viruses from Romania; and C_7 comprised viruses from Portugal and was related to a virus from Mozambique. A subcluster within CRF02_1 was associated with heterosexual transmission. Near full-length genomes of each cluster were of uniform genetic form. Times of MRCAs of CRF02_1, A1_1, F1_3, and C_7 were estimated around 1986, 1989, 2013, and 1983, respectively. MRCA locations for CRF02_1 and A1_1 were uncertain (however initial expansions in Spain in Madrid and Vigo, respectively, were estimated) and were most probable in Bilbao, Spain, for F1_3 and Portugal for C_7. These results show that the HIV-1 epidemic among MSM in Spain is becoming increasingly diverse through the expansion of diverse non-subtype B clusters, comprising or related to viruses circulating in other countries
High-resolution quantitative proteomics applied to the discovery of biomarkers of innate immune response in tuberculosis
Tuberculosis (TB) is caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). Roughly one third of the world's population carries MTB in a dormant form. TB is responsible for the death of more than 1.8 million people each year. EMI-TB (Eliciting mucosal immunity in TB) is an EU Horizon2020 funded action focused on selecting and developing a novel vaccine candidate for TB. Our specific aim (CSIC, Vigo, Spain) is to establish a panel of protein biomarkers representative of those individuals that had been in contact with a patient with microbiological confirmed pulmonary TB but did not get infected. Samples (serum, saliva and sputum) were collected from volunteer patients (TB: pulmonary TB; LTBI: contacts with latent TB infection; non-LTBI: contacts without evidence of latent TB infection). Quantitative proteomics were done using TMT10plex (Thermo) and a LC-Orbitrap Elite platform. Modulated proteins were selected after exhaustive manual review of the processed data and non-parametric statistical analysis with R software. We have found a unique proteomic signature in the sputum of non-LTBI contacts, consisting in a set of 32 proteins mainly involved in regulation of endopeptidase activity, defense against pathogens and perception of bitter taste. This suggests that nasal and oral mucosa play a critical role in the initial entry of the pathogen in the host, opening a new window for eliciting the mucosal immunity to enhance the innate immune response as the first barrier to fight infection. We are starting a validation in a functional model of MTB infection in order to test the biological and clinical significance of our findings.Peer reviewe
Widespread Bronchogenic Dissemination Makes DBA/2 Mice More Susceptible than C57BL/6 Mice to Experimental Aerosol Infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis
We have used the murine model of aerosol-induced experimental tuberculosis to assess the effects of four clinical isolates and a reference strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis on resistant C57BL/6 mice and susceptible DBA/2 mice. Histological studies and detection of 25 cytokines potentially involved in the infection were carried out. DBA/2 mice showed higher concentrations of bacilli in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and lung tissue. Furthermore, these mice evidenced a larger granulomatous infiltration in the parenchyma due to an increased rate of emigration of infected foamy macrophages from the granulomas to the neighboring pulmonary alveolar spaces. The better control of bacillary concentrations and pulmonary infiltration observed in C57BL/6 mice from week 3 postinfection could result from their higher RANTES, ICAM-1, and gamma interferon (IFN-γ) mRNA levels. On the other hand, the higher MIP-2 and MCP-3 mRNA levels seen in DBA/2 mice would result in stronger lung recruitment of macrophages and neutrophils. Additionally, DBA/2 mice showed increased inducible nitric oxide synthase expression, induced by the larger number of foamy macrophages, at weeks 18 and 22. This increment was a consequence of phagocytosed bacillary debris, was independent of IFN-γ expression, and could exert only a bacteriostatic effect. The results of the study suggest that DBA/2 mice are more susceptible than C57BL/6 mice to M. tuberculosis infection due to a higher bronchial dissemination of bacilli inside poorly activated foamy macrophages
Vigilancia de la resistencia a antibióticos en enfermedad invasiva por Pseudomonas aeruginosa en Galicia: 2013-2014
Introduction. The aim of this study is to know the antibiotic sensitivity
of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which produces invasive infections in
Galicia in 2013/2014, in the framework of the Surveillance Study of Antimicrobial Resistance.
Methods. A total of 357 isolates of P. aeruginosa were analyzed in blood
or CSF samples from 9 hospitals in Galicia. The variables were: origin,
demographic data, sample type and antibiotic sensitivity. CLSI breakpoints
were used. For each antibiotic we analyzed frequencies, cases/100.000
inhabitants, concordance of resistance and differences between hospitals,
sex and age.
Results. The majority of patients were male gender and the not-sensitives
were superior in the 45 to 64 age group with significant differences to ciprofloxacin, imipenem, tobramycin and colistin. The overall not-sensitivity
isolates was: piperacillin/tazobactam 18%, ciprofloxacin 28.7%, ceftazidime 17.1%, cefepime 19.7%, imipenem 23.1%, meropenem 22.1%,
tobramycin 13.0%, amikacin 7.3% and colistin 4.4%. The cases/100,000
inhabitants were higher in men as age increasing. Without analyzing colistin, the 57.1% of the isolates were sensitives to other antibiotics studied
(piperacillin/tazobactam, quinolones, ceftazidime, aminoglycosides, carbapenems), 19.4% were not-susceptible to only one antibiotic, 12. 2% to
two, 3.7% to three, 5.1% to four and 2.0% to all antibiotics tested.
Conclusions. Of the antibiotics tested, the most susceptible to P. aeruginosa were amikacin and colistin. Our data are consistent with the observed ones nationwide except colistin. Sensitivity patterns of P. aeruginosa
should be periodically evaluated in each area and each hospital in order to
assess the different therapeutic regimens.Introducción. El objetivo de este estudio es conocer la sensibilidad antibiótica de Pseudomonas aeruginosa productora de enfermedad invasiva
en Galicia en 2013/2014, en el marco del Estudio de Vigilancia de las
Resistencias Antimicrobianas.
Métodos. Se analizaron 357 aislamientos de P. aeruginosa en muestras
de sangre o LCR en 9 hospitales de Galicia. Las variables fueron: procedencia, datos demográficos, tipo de muestra y sensibilidad antibiótica.
Se usaron puntos de corte de CLSI. Para cada antibiótico se analizaron
frecuencias, casos/100.000 habitantes, concordancia de la resistencia y
diferencias entre hospitales, sexo y edad.
Resultados. El sexo predominante fue el masculino y la no sensibilidad
superior en el grupo de 45 a 64 años con diferencias significativas a ciprofloxacino, imipenem, tobramicina y colistina. La no sensibilidad global: piperacilina/tazobactam 18%, ciprofloxacino 28’7%, ceftazidima 17’1%, cefepime 19’7%, imipenem 23’1%, meropenem 22’1%, tobramicina 13’0%;
amikacina, 7’3% y colistina 4’4%. Los casos/100.000 habitantes fueron
superiores en hombres según aumenta la edad. Sin analizar la colistina, el
57’1% de los aislamientos fueron sensibles a los otros grupos estudiados
(piperacilina/tazobactam, quinolonas, ceftazidima, aminoglucósidos, carbapenems), el 19’4% fueron no sensibles a un antibiótico, 12’2% a dos, el
3’7% a tres, el 5’1% a cuatro y el 2’0% a todos los analizados.
Conclusiones. De los antibióticos evaluados, los más activos frente a P.
aeruginosa fueron amikacina y colistina. Nuestros datos concuerdan con
lo observado a nivel nacional, excepto para colistina. Deben evaluarse
periódicamente patrones de sensibilidad de P. aeruginosa en cada zona y
cada hospital para poder valorar las diferentes pautas terapéuticas
Prospección, caracterización y conservación de recursos fitogenéticos de espárrago (Asparagus officinalis L.) en el Somontano de Barbastro (póster)
Banco de Germoplasma Hortícola (BGHZ) del CITAPublishe