Encoding Magnetic States in Monopole-Like Configurations Using Superconducting Dots

Palau Masoliver, Anna et al.A large manifold of nontrivial spin textures, including the stabilization of monopole-like fields, are generated by using a completely new and versatile approach based on the combination of superconductivity and magnetism. Robust, stable, and easily controllable complex spin structures are encoded, modified, and annihilated in a continuous magnetic thin film by defining a variety of magnetic states in superconducting dots.This work has been supported by MINECO (MAT2014-51778-C2-1R, MAT2012-35370, CSD2007-0041), Generalitat de Catalunya (2014- SGR-00753, 2014-SGR-150, 2014-PROD00059), European Seventh Framework Program (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement 312284, EU-NMP-LA-2012-280432EUROTAPES project and Cost Action MP1201. A. Sanchez acknowledges a grant from ICREA Academia, funded by the Generalitat de Catalunya. ICMAB acknowledge the Severo Ochoa Center of Excellence mentioned from MINECO. A. Palau and S. Valencia contributed equally to this work.Peer reviewe

Relación hospedero-parásito Trypanosoma cruzi

Cuando hablamos de la relación hospedero - parásito es necesario remitirnos a la concepción de un abordaje tipo asociación de dos protagonistas que desempeñan funciones activas y fundamentales. Existen muchas interacciones parásito - hospedero las cuales son particulares dependiendo del parásito involucrado. Los parásitos protozooss afectan la red inmunológica del hospedero, generando un desequilibrio a su favor, induciendo una respuesta insuficiente o inespecífica. Sin embargo, para cada parásito existe una serie de mecanismos efectores que llevan a desplazar la respuesta a favor del hospedero y son esos mecanismos los que precisamente deben ser conocidos y estudiados para tratar de eliminar los parásitos patógenos

Relación hospedero-parásito Trypanosoma cruzi

Cuando hablamos de la relación hospedero - parásito es necesario remitirnos a la concepción de un abordaje tipo asociación de dos protagonistas que desempeñan funciones activas y fundamentales. Existen muchas interacciones parásito - hospedero las cuales son particulares dependiendo del parásito involucrado. Los parásitos protozooss afectan la red inmunológica del hospedero, generando un desequilibrio a su favor, induciendo una respuesta insuficiente o inespecífica. Sin embargo, para cada parásito existe una serie de mecanismos efectores que llevan a desplazar la respuesta a favor del hospedero y son esos mecanismos los que precisamente deben ser conocidos y estudiados para tratar de eliminar los parásitos patógenos

Vino y salud: prevencion cardiovascular

El vino siempre ha sido una parte importante de la dieta, la gastronomía y las costumbres sociales, y con el tiempo ha pasado a ser un complemento cultural de la alimentación. El consumo moderado y responsable de bebidas alcohólicas, en especial del vino tinto, como parte de una dieta variada y equilibrada, ha demostrado tener efectos beneficiosos adicionales sobre la incidencia y la morbimortalidad de las enfermedades cardiovasculares, comparada con la que produciría la misma cantidad de alcohol pero en otras bebidas alcohólicas, tales como cerveza, licores etc. Pero ese efecto cardioprotector no es exclusivamente por su contenido en alcohol, sino por la presencia de los polifenoles, que se encuentran de forma natural y en muy bajas concentraciones en el vino, y que tiene un fuerte poder antioxidante

Assessment of aerobic biodegradation of lower-chlorinated benzenes in contaminated groundwater using field-derived microcosms and compound-specific carbon isotope fractionation

Biodegradation of lower chlorinated benzenes (tri-, di- and monochlorobenzene) was assessed at a coastal aquifer contaminated with multiple chlorinated aromatic hydro- carbons. Field-derived microcosms, established with groundwater from the source zone and amended with a mixture of lower chlorinated benzenes, evidenced biodegradation of monochlorobenzene (MCB) and 1,4-dichlorobenzene (1,4-DCB) in aerobic microcosms, whereas the addition of lactate in anaerobic microcosms did not enhance anaerobic reduc- tive dechlorination. Aerobic microcosms established with groundwater from the plume consumed several doses of MCB and concomitantly degraded the three isomers of dichloroben- zene with no observable inhibitory effect. In the light of these results, we assessed the applicability of compound stable isotope analysis to monitor a potential aerobic remediation treatment of MCB and 1,4-DCB in this site. The carbon isotopic fractionation factors ( ε) obtained from field-derived microcosms were -0.7 ¿ ± 0.1 ¿ and -1.0 ¿ ± 0.2 ¿ for MCB and 1,4-DCB, respectively. For 1,4-DCB, the carbon isotope fractionation during aerobic biodegra- dation was reported for the first time. The weak carbon isotope fractionation values for the aerobic pathway would only allow tracing of in situ degradation in aquifer parts with high extent of biodegradation. However, based on the carbon isotope effects measured in this and previous studies, relatively high carbon isotope shifts (i.e., δ13 C > 4.0 ¿ ) of MCB or 1,4- DCB in contaminated groundwater would suggest that their biodegradation is controlled by anaerobic reductive dechlorination

Air quality forecasts on a kilometer-scale grid over complex Spanish terrains

The CALIOPE Air Quality Forecast System (CALIOPE-AQFS) represents the current state of the art in air quality forecasting systems of high-resolution running on high-performance computing platforms. It provides a 48 h forecast of NO2, O3, SO2, PM10, PM2.5, CO, and C6H6at a 4 km horizontal resolution over all of Spain, and at a 1 km horizontal resolution over the most populated areas in Spain with complex terrains (the Barcelona (BCN), Madrid (MAD) and Andalusia (AND) domains). Increased horizontal resolution from 4 to 1 km over the aforementioned domains leads to finer textures and more realistic concentration maps, which is justified by the increase in NO2/O3spatial correlation coefficients from 0.79/0.69 (4 km) to 0.81/0.73 (1 km). High-resolution emissions using the bottom-up HERMESv2.0 model are essential for improving model performance when increasing resolution on an urban scale, but it is still insufficient. Decreasing grid spacing does not reveal the expected improvement in hourly statistics, i.e., decreasing NO2bias by only ~ 2 µg m-3and increasing O3 bias by ~ 1 µg m-3. The grid effect is less pronounced for PM10, because part of its mass consists of secondary aerosols, which are less affected than the locally emitted primary components by a decreasing grid size. The resolution increase has the highest impact over Barcelona, where air flow is controlled mainly by mesoscale phenomena and a lower planetary boundary layer (PBL). Despite the merits and potential uses of the 1-km simulation, the limitations of current model formulations do not allow confirmation of their expected superiority close to highly urbanized areas and large emissions sources. Future work should combine high grid resolutions with techniques that decrease subgrid variability (e.g., stochastic field methods), and also include models that consider urban morphology and thermal parameters.Postprint (published version

A search for pre- and proto-brown dwarfs in the dark cloud Barnard 30 with ALMA

In this work we present ALMA continuum observations at 880 $\mu$m of 30 sub-mm cores previously identified with APEX/LABOCA at 870$\mu$m in the Barnard 30 cloud. The main goal is to characterize the youngest and lowest mass population in the cloud. As a result, we report the detection of five (out of 30) spatially unresolved sources with ALMA, with estimated masses between 0.9 and 67 M$_{\rm Jup}$. From these five sources, only two show gas emission. The analysis of multi-wavelength photometry from these two objects, namely B30-LB14 and B30-LB19, is consistent with one Class II- and one Class I low-mass stellar object, respectively. The gas emission is consistent with a rotating disk in the case of B30-LB14, and with an oblate rotating envelope with infall signatures in the case of LB19. The remaining three ALMA detections do not have infrared counterparts and can be classified as either deeply embedded objects or as starless cores if B30 members. In the former case, two of them (LB08 and LB31) show internal luminosity upper limits consistent with Very Low Luminosity objects, while we do not have enough information for LB10. In the starless core scenario, and taking into account the estimated masses from ALMA and the APEX/LABOCA cores, we estimate final masses for the central objects in the substellar domain, so they could be classified as pre-BD core candidates.Comment: Published in A&

Geometrically controlled ratchet effect with collective vortex motion

© 2015 IOP Publishing Ltd and Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft. Rectified flux motion arising from the collective effect of many interacting vortices is obtained in a specially designed superconducting device. Ratchet structures with different asymmetric pinning potentials are generated by tuning the size, depth, and distribution of triangular blind-antidots in a high-temperature superconducting film. We experimentally and theoretically demonstrate that the amplitude and sign of the rectified vortex motion can be finely tuned with the pattern geometry. Two different dynamical regimes depending on the nature of vortices initiating the dissipation are identified, which can control the rectified vortex motion.This work has been supported by MINECO(MAT2014-51778-C2-1R, MAT2012-35370, CSD2007-0041, IPT- 2011-1090-920000), Generalitat de Catalunya (SGR2014-00753, 2014SGR150, XaRMAE), EU-FP7 NMP-LA- 2012-280432 EUROTAPES project and Cost Action MP1201.VR acknowledges the JAE-CSIC PhD grant. AS acknowledges funding from an ICREA Academia award.Peer Reviewe

Differences in Classification Standards For the Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity in Children. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

The prevalence of childhood obesity has increased dramatically all over the world in recent years. While obesity in adults can be easily measured using the BMI calculation, determining overweight and obesity in children is more controversial. The aim was to compare the three most used international classification systems (WHO 2007, CDC 2000 and Cole-IOTF) to determine overweight and obesity in infant and adolescent populations. We performed a systematic review in accordance with the PRISMA 2020 guidelines of articles comparing any of the three classification systems. The main findings were that the WHO 2007 criteria show the highest prevalence of overweight and obesity in the child and youth population. The prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity was determined to be higher in boys than in girls in most studies, when analysing the classifications of the WHO 2007, CDC 2000 and Cole-IOTF together. However, there was a higher prevalence of overweight and obesity in girls than in boys when only the CDC 2000 and Cole-IOTF criteria were considered. Both the results of the review and the great heterogeneity found in the meta-analysis show that it is necessary to unify the criteria for the classification of childhood overweight and obesity. International standards are insufficient for working with the current population. A working group should be created to address this issue and agree on the unification of a gold standard, taking into account the geographical region, the ethnic groups and the age groups of the child and youth population and above all, the secular growth.Catholic University of Valencia for their contribution and help in the payment of the Open Access publication under grant number 2022-275-002. Likewise,Medicin

Epitaxial YBa2Cu3O7-x nanocomposite thin films from colloidal solutions

A methodology of general validity to prepare epitaxial nanocomposite films based on the use of colloidal solutions containing different crystalline preformed oxide nanoparticles (ex situ nanocomposites) is reported. The trifluoroacetate (TFA) metal-organic chemical solution deposition route is used with alcoholic solvents to grow epitaxial YBaCuO (YBCO) films. For this reason stabilizing oxide nanoparticles in polar solvents is a challenging goal. We have used scalable nanoparticle synthetic methodologies such as thermal and microwave-assisted solvothermal techniques to prepare CeO and ZrO nanoparticles. We show that stable and homogeneous colloidal solutions with these nanoparticles can be reached using benzyl alcohol, triethyleneglycol, nonanoic acid, trifluoroacetic acid or decanoic acid as protecting ligands, thereby allowing subsequent mixing with alcoholic TFA solutions. An elaborate YBCO film growth analysis of these nanocomposites allows the identification of the different relevant growth phenomena, e.g. nanoparticles pushing towards the film surface, nanoparticle reactivity, coarsening and nanoparticle accumulation at the substrate interface. Upon mitigation of these effects, YBCO nanocomposite films with high self-field critical currents (J ∼ 3-4 MA cm at 77 K) were reached, indicating no current limitation effects associated with epitaxy perturbation, while smoothed magnetic field dependences of the critical currents at high magnetic fields and decreased effective anisotropic pinning behavior confirm the effectiveness of the novel developed approach to enhance vortex pinning. In conclusion, a novel low cost solution-derived route to high current nanocomposite superconducting films and coated conductors has been developed with very promising features.All authors acknowledge the EU (EU-FP7 NMP-LA-2012-280432 EUROTAPES project). ICMAB acknowledges MINECO (MAT2014-51778-C2-1-R) and Generalitat de Catalunya (2014SGR 753 and Xarmae). UGhent acknowledges the Special Research Fund (BOF), the Research Foundation Flanders (FWO) and the Institute for the Promotion of Innovation through Science and Technology in Flanders (IWT). TEM microscopy work was conducted in the Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2). The authors acknowledge the ICN2 Electron Microscopy Division for offering access to their instruments and expertise. Part of the STEM microscopy work was conducted in 'Laboratorio de Microscopias Avanzadas' at the Instituto de Nanociencia de Aragon—Universidad de Zaragoza. The authors acknowledge the LMA-INA for offering access to their instruments and expertise. JG and MC also acknowledge the Ramon y Cajal program (RYC-2012-11709 and RYC-2013-12448 respectively).Peer Reviewe