The Acadian plutonic rocks of New Brunswick

Extensive bimodal plutonism accompanied and followed the Acadian deformation in New Brunswick. These Acadian plutons define a Central Plutonic Belt, which is largely confined to a terrain with an Acadian trend of 030*, and a Southern Plutonic Belt, which occurs within a structural province with an Acadian and Varlscan trend of 060". It has been possible to classify the Acadian plutons north of the Avalonian Platform according to their structures, textures, field relationships, mineralogy, and chemical characteristics; supplemented by radiometric age dates. Plutonic rock types include: A-B a mafic-felalc association; C - syntectonic conalite and granodiorite; D - suscovlte-bearing; F - megacrystic granitoids; H - equigranular biotite granites; and E and G - 'transitional' granites. The magmatism, regardless of location, follows a common evolutionary trend and appears to comprise a sequence of intrusions from early Devonian to Carboniferous time with no significant break in the evolution. These characteristics along with the bimodal chemistry and the lack of compositional polarity suggest that the development of these Acadian plutons was not subduction-related. A time-dependent process such as radioactive heating of a thickened crust is a more probable mechanism for their genesis. RÉSUMÉ Au Nouveau-Brunswick, la déformation acadienne fut accompagnée puis suivie d'un plutoniame bimodal très étendu. Ces plutons acadiens définissent une zone intrusive centrale et une zone intrusive méridional: la première se confine en grande partie dans une région qui présente une orientation acadienne de 030* alors que la seconde se trouve à l'intérieur d'une province structurale marquée par une orientation acadienne et variaque de 060*. Au nord de la plate-forme avalonienne, les plutons acadiens ont pu être classifiés selon leurs structures, textures, relations de terrain ainsi que leurs caractérisques minéraloglques et chimiques, le tout étant complété par des datations radiométriques. Les roches intrusives comprennent: A-B une association mafique et felsique; C - une granodiorite et une tonalite syntectoniques; D - roches intrusives à muacovite; F - granitoides à biotite équigranulaire; et E et G - granites "de transition". Peu importe l'endrolt, on observe une tendance évolutive commune à ce magmatlsme qui semble comprendre une suite d'intrusions, évoluant sans interruption du Dévonien inférieur au Carbonifère. Ces caractérlstlques, en plus de Is bimodalité du chimisme et de l'absence de polarité de composition, suggèrent que ces plutons acadeins ne furent pas formés par subduction. Pour engendrer ceux-ci, un processus lié au temps, tel que le réchauffement radioactif d'une croûte qui s'est épaissie, est plus probable. [Traduit par le Journal

Keratin 7 Is a Constituent of the Keratin Network in Mouse Pancreatic Islets and Is Upregulated in Experimental Diabetes

Keratin (K) 7 is an intermediate filament protein expressed in ducts and glands of simple epithelial organs and in urothelial tissues. In the pancreas, K7 is expressed in exocrine ducts, and apico-laterally in acinar cells. Here, we report K7 expression with K8 and K18 in the endocrine islets of Langerhans in mice. K7 filament formation in islet and MIN6 ?-cells is dependent on the presence and levels of K18. K18-knockout (K18?/?) mice have undetectable islet K7 and K8 proteins, while K7 and K18 are downregulated in K8?/? islets. K7, akin to F-actin, is concentrated at the apical vertex of ?-cells in wild-type mice and along the lateral membrane, in addition to forming a fine cytoplasmic network. In K8?/? ?-cells, apical K7 remains, but lateral keratin bundles are displaced and cytoplasmic filaments are scarce. Islet K7, rather than K8, is increased in K18 over-expressing mice and the K18-R90C mutation disrupts K7 filaments in mouse ?-cells and in MIN6 cells. Notably, islet K7 filament networks significantly increase and expand in the perinuclear regions when examined in the streptozotocin diabetes model. Hence, K7 represents a significant component of the murine islet keratin network and becomes markedly upregulated during experimental diabetes

Keratin 7 is a constituent of the keratin network in mouse pancreatic islets and is upregulated in experimental diabetes

Keratin (K) 7 is an intermediate filament protein expressed in ducts and glands of simple epithelial organs and in urothelial tissues. In the pancreas, K7 is expressed in exocrine ducts, and apico-laterally in acinar cells. Here, we report K7 expression with K8 and K18 in the endocrine islets of Langerhans in mice. K7 filament formation in islet and MIN6 β-cells is dependent on the presence and levels of K18. K18-knockout (K18‒/‒) mice have undetectable islet K7 and K8 proteins, while K7 and K18 are downregulated in K8‒/‒ islets. K7, akin to F-actin, is concentrated at the apical vertex of β-cells in wild-type mice and along the lateral membrane, in addition to forming a fine cytoplasmic network. In K8‒/‒ β-cells, apical K7 remains, but lateral keratin bundles are displaced and cytoplasmic filaments are scarce. Islet K7, rather than K8, is increased in K18 over-expressing mice and the K18-R90C mutation disrupts K7 filaments in mouse β-cells and in MIN6 cells. Notably, islet K7 filament networks significantly increase and expand in the perinuclear regions when examined in the streptozotocin diabetes model. Hence, K7 represents a significant component of the murine islet keratin network and becomes markedly upregulated during experimental diabetes.</p

Seasonal patterns and controls on net ecosystem CO2 exchange in a boreal peatland complex

We measured seasonal patterns of net ecosystem exchange (NEE) of CO2 in a diverse peatland complex underlain by discontinuous permafrost in northern Manitoba, Canada, as part of the Boreal Ecosystems Atmosphere Study (BOREAS). Study sites spanned the full range of peatland trophic and moisture gradients found in boreal environments from bog (pH 3.9) to rich fen (pH 7.2). During midseason (July‐August, 1996), highest rates of NEE and respiration followed the trophic sequence of bog (5.4 to −3.9 μmol CO2 m−2 s−1) \u3c poor fen (6.3 to −6.5 μmol CO2 m−2 s−1) \u3c intermediate fen (10.5 to −7.8 μmol CO2 m−2 s−1) \u3c rich fen (14.9 to −8.7 μmol CO2m−2 s−1). The sequence changed during spring (May‐June) and fall (September‐October) when ericaceous shrub (e.g., Chamaedaphne calyculata) bogs and sedge (Carex spp.) communities in poor to intermediate fens had higher maximum CO2 fixation rates than deciduous shrub‐dominated (Salix spp. and Betula spp.) rich fens. Timing of snowmelt and differential rates of peat surface thaw in microtopographic hummocks and hollows controlled the onset of carbon uptake in spring. Maximum photosynthesis and respiration were closely correlated throughout the growing season with a ratio of approximately 1/3 ecosystem respiration to maximum carbon uptake at all sites across the trophic gradient. Soil temperatures above the water table and timing of surface thaw and freeze‐up in the spring and fall were more important to net CO2 exchange than deep soil warming. This close coupling of maximum CO2 uptake and respiration to easily measurable variables, such as trophic status, peat temperature, and water table, will improve models of wetland carbon exchange. Although trophic status, aboveground net primary productivity, and surface temperatures were more important than water level in predicting respiration on a daily basis, the mean position of the water table was a good predictor (r2 = 0.63) of mean respiration rates across the range of plant community and moisture gradients. Q10 values ranged from 3.0 to 4.1 from bog to rich fen, but when normalized by above ground vascular plant biomass, the Q10 for all sites was 3.3

An integrative review of the continuing professional development needs for nurse educators

Objectives: The study aimed at describing the field of research in continuing professional development for nurse educators and the continuous education and development needs of nurse educators by asking: What research has been done in the field of continuing professional development of nurse educators? What are the continuing education and development needs and requirements reported for and by nurse educators?Design: An integrative review of peer-reviewed academic literature following a systematic search design.Data sources: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods publications in CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Embase, ERIC, and PubMed.Review methods: Search results were screened for full text and assessed for quality using the Mixed Methods Assessment Tool. Full texts were then thematic analysed using an inductive and reflective process.Results: The number of published academic articles about the continuing professional development for nurse educators is small (n = 13). The themes produced from the articles identify heterogenous development needs for nurse educators, clustered around four themes: (1) professional competencies (2) management and resources, (3) communication and collaboration, and (4) agency. The findings of this review show that nurse educators have multiple roles which have specific and multiple personal and institutional needs.Conclusions: The results of this review show that the continuing professional development needs are heterogenous between nurse educators, yet share commonalities across departmental teams as a whole, and across different countries. This raises the issue of how these needs can or should be, focused on the sustainable development of nurse educators.</div

The role of red and processed meat in colorectal cancer development : a perspective

Peer reviewe

Effect of aliskiren on post-discharge outcomes among diabetic and non-diabetic patients hospitalized for heart failure: insights from the ASTRONAUT trial

Aims The objective of the Aliskiren Trial on Acute Heart Failure Outcomes (ASTRONAUT) was to determine whether aliskiren, a direct renin inhibitor, would improve post-discharge outcomes in patients with hospitalization for heart failure (HHF) with reduced ejection fraction. Pre-specified subgroup analyses suggested potential heterogeneity in post-discharge outcomes with aliskiren in patients with and without baseline diabetes mellitus (DM). Methods and results ASTRONAUT included 953 patients without DM (aliskiren 489; placebo 464) and 662 patients with DM (aliskiren 319; placebo 343) (as reported by study investigators). Study endpoints included the first occurrence of cardiovascular death or HHF within 6 and 12 months, all-cause death within 6 and 12 months, and change from baseline in N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) at 1, 6, and 12 months. Data regarding risk of hyperkalaemia, renal impairment, and hypotension, and changes in additional serum biomarkers were collected. The effect of aliskiren on cardiovascular death or HHF within 6 months (primary endpoint) did not significantly differ by baseline DM status (P = 0.08 for interaction), but reached statistical significance at 12 months (non-DM: HR: 0.80, 95% CI: 0.64-0.99; DM: HR: 1.16, 95% CI: 0.91-1.47; P = 0.03 for interaction). Risk of 12-month all-cause death with aliskiren significantly differed by the presence of baseline DM (non-DM: HR: 0.69, 95% CI: 0.50-0.94; DM: HR: 1.64, 95% CI: 1.15-2.33; P < 0.01 for interaction). Among non-diabetics, aliskiren significantly reduced NT-proBNP through 6 months and plasma troponin I and aldosterone through 12 months, as compared to placebo. Among diabetic patients, aliskiren reduced plasma troponin I and aldosterone relative to placebo through 1 month only. There was a trend towards differing risk of post-baseline potassium ≥6 mmol/L with aliskiren by underlying DM status (non-DM: HR: 1.17, 95% CI: 0.71-1.93; DM: HR: 2.39, 95% CI: 1.30-4.42; P = 0.07 for interaction). Conclusion This pre-specified subgroup analysis from the ASTRONAUT trial generates the hypothesis that the addition of aliskiren to standard HHF therapy in non-diabetic patients is generally well-tolerated and improves post-discharge outcomes and biomarker profiles. In contrast, diabetic patients receiving aliskiren appear to have worse post-discharge outcomes. Future prospective investigations are needed to confirm potential benefits of renin inhibition in a large cohort of HHF patients without D

Uuden ajan kirjansoljet Suomen kirkkokaivauksissa : Arkeologisia näkökulmia rahvaanuskon uhrikäytäntöihin

Tämän tutkimuksen lähtökohtana on tutkia kirjansolkia eli kirjojen pieniä, metallisia lukkoja, taidehistoriaa ja arkeologiaa yhdistäen. Tutkimus sitoutuu materiaalisen kulttuurin sekä uskontoarkeologisen tutkimuksen kysymyksenasetteluihin. Tärkeimpiä teoreettisia ja metodisia välineitä ovat typologisointi, kontekstualisointi ja visuaaliset analyysit, kuten myös materiaalitekniset analyysit; aineiston silmämääräinen tutkiminen, mikroskopointi, mittaaminen ja valokuvaus. Valittu aineisto edustaa noin kymmenesosaa Suomen kirkkojen kirjansolkilöydöistä. Määrällisesti tarkastelussa on ollut 261 kirjanosaa. Tutkimuskohteiksi on valikoitunut viisi kirkkoa: Espoo, Finström, Hailuoto, Laitila ja Raisio. Maakunnista Häme, Karjala ja Satakunta eivät kuulu aineistoon. Vaikka kohteista neljä on keskiaikaisia kivikirkkoja, tutkimus kuitenkin rajautuu uudelle ajalle eli 1520−luvulta 1800-luvulle. Kohteissa vuosien 1967−1987 aikana toteutettujen arkeologisten tutkimusten kaivaus- ja talteenottometodit ovat vaihdelleet suuresti. Tämä tarkoittaa, että kohteiden keskinäinen vertailu on ongelmallista. Yleensäkin kirkkojen stratigrafia on harvoin häiriintymätön, mikä sekin vaikeuttaa tulkintojen tekemistä. Soljet voi ryhmitellä tyypin 1 solkiin (hook-clasp fastening), joita 14 kappaletta sekä tyypin 2 solkiin (strap and pin fastening), joita 210 kappaletta. Varsinkin eestiläisiin ja saksalaisiin vanhoihin kirjoihin vertaamalla saa osa soljista alustavan ajoituksen. Tyypin 1 soljet ajoittuvat aikaisintaan keski- ja uuden ajan taitteeseen. Tyypin 2 soljista pääosa ajoittuu 1600−1700-luvuille, mutta todennäköisesti solkia on jo 1500-luvulta ja vielä 1800-luvulta. Lähinnä saksankielisellä alueella valmistettujen solkien kulkeutuminen Suomeen on voinut olla hidasta. Samoin solkia on voitu siirtää kirjoista toisiin. Nämä asiat tekevät myös vertailuesimerkkien avulla solkien ajoittamisen problemaattiseksi. Soljissa pääasiallisin materiaali on messinki. Myös pronssia ja kuparia on käytetty. Solkia on valmistettu sekä sarjallisesti että yksittäiskappaleina. Niitä on voitu valmistaa pienmetallityön perustekniikoilla. On havaittavissa myös solkien paikallista kopiointia. Soljista osassa on merkkejä korjauksista, jolloin ilmeisesti kulutukselle alttiina ollut nahkahihna on pyritty vaihtamaan. Edellä mainitut kaksi seikkaa mutkistavat solkien ajoittamista niin ikään. Solkien suurta löytömäärää ei voi selittää täysin hukkaamisesta tai poisheitosta käsin, varsinkaan kun tyypin 2 soljista lähes 3/4 osaa on metalliosiensa puolesta ehjiä. Todennäköisempää on, että solkia on käytetty hauta-antimina ja uhreina pars pro toto, rahojen uhrikäytön kaltaisella logiikalla. Soljet esimerkiksi noudattavat jossain määrin samanlaista levintää kirkoissa rahojen kanssa. Yleensäkin kirkko on ollut suotuisa paikka uhraamiselle, sillä siellä oli läsnä ylimaallisen lisäksi tuonpuoleinen. Aineiston valossa ei näytä todennäköiseltä, että kirjansolkia olisi kätketty kirkkoihin rituaalisesti (vertaa rakennuskätköt). Myöskään loitsurunoista (SKVR ja KRA) ei löydy mainintoja kirjansolkien käytöstä pars pro toto, vaikka virsikirjoja taikuudessa ja noituudessa onkin käytetty jonkin verran

Evaluation of an Immunoturbidimetric Microalbuminuria Assay

Peer Reviewe

Negotiation over self-control and activity: An analysis of balancing in the repertoires of Finnish healthy lifestyles

This study analyses arguments for and against the notion of healthy lifestyles, and the construction of responsibility for health, in group discussions in Finland. With data from four focus groups, we identified five interpretative repertoires: a strong activity repertoire reflects the dominant cultural value of health and emphasizes self-control. Three other repertoires--illness, external barriers, and weak character--share the underlying values of the activity repertoire, but exemplify situations where the individual lacks control, seeking to justify deviations from the norm of activity. One counter-repertoire, the pleasure repertoire, questions the hegemonic value of health, and discusses other competing values. The discussion of health is an ongoing dialectical process drawing from the different repertoires. In order to avoid stigmatization and to save face in the social situation of a focus group, the subjects strive to balance their accounts of behaviours considered unhealthy by also claiming healthy behaviours. They also strike a balance between extreme rigidity and carelessness, emphasizing the ideal of moderation and harmony. The findings point to a need to consider variations in and underpinnings of a "good life" at the individual level. Encouraging people to specify the meaning and content of moderation in their personal lives could provide a new perspective for health education and health promotion.Healthy lifestyle Health repertoires Health responsibility Finland