Wind power generation in the urban environment

A raíz del continuo desarrollo de la generación eólica, así como tambiénde la descentralización de esta; el presente trabajo analiza el potencialeólico en terrazas de edificios a partir de ensayos experimentales entúnel de viento. Los ensayos consistieron en visualizaciones medianteinyección de humo y mediciones con anemometría de hilo calientedel campo de velocidad en la terraza de un edificio típico en laregión latinoamericana, así como la influencia de diferentes edificioscercanos. Se realizaron mediciones para configuraciones especificasde dos edificios, donde el primero se considera obstáculo ubicadoúnicamente a barlovento, pudiendo modificar su altura respecto aledificio en estudio. Con las mediciones realizadas se cuantificaronvelocidades medias y fluctuaciones en distintas ubicaciones sobrela terraza y se seleccionaron las ubicaciones más favorables parala colocación de aerogeneradores. Se encontró una gran influenciade la altura del obstáculo en las velocidades medias y turbulencias,con lo cual la elección de dichas ubicaciones dependerá del entornocircundante.In accordance with the continuous developments in wind energy, and the decentralization in its production, the present work analyzes the wind energy potential in the building roofs through experimental tests in a wind tunnel. These tests involve two different methods, visualizations with smoke injection and hot-wire measurements of the velocity field, over the roof of a building model with the characteristics of the most relevant buildings in Latin-America. Additionally, the influence of a windward obstacle of different heights was studied. Mean velocities and fluctuation were identified with the tests over different locations in the roof of the test model and the most favorable for the wind energy production were identified. An important influence of the obstacle height in the mean and fluctuations influence was found, showing a dependency of the most favorable location for the wind energy production with respect to the closest environment.Fil: Padilla Segura, Victor Manuel. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ingeniería. Departamento de Aeronáutica. Laboratorio de Capa Límite y Fluído Dinámica Ambiental; ArgentinaFil: Algozino, Santiago. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ingeniería. Departamento de Aeronáutica. Laboratorio de Capa Límite y Fluído Dinámica Ambiental; ArgentinaFil: Marañon Di Leo, Julio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ingeniería. Departamento de Aeronáutica. Laboratorio de Capa Límite y Fluído Dinámica Ambiental; ArgentinaFil: Delnero, Juan Sebastian. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ingeniería. Departamento de Aeronáutica. Laboratorio de Capa Límite y Fluído Dinámica Ambiental; ArgentinaFil: Mantelli, Pablo Marcelo. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ingeniería. Departamento de Aeronáutica. Laboratorio de Capa Límite y Fluído Dinámica Ambiental; Argentin

Experimental study for the optimization of wind generation in the urban environment

A raíz del continuo desarrollo de la generación eólica, así como también de la descentralización en la generación de esta; el presente trabajo analiza el potencial eólico en terrazas de edificios a partir de ensayos experimentales en túnel de viento. Los ensayos consistieron en visualizaciones mediante inyección de humo y mediciones con anemometría de hilo caliente, del campo de velocidades en las terrazas de un edificio típico en la región latinoamericana, así como la influencia de diferentes edificios cercanos. Se realizaron mediciones para una configuración específica de dos edificios, donde el primero se considera obstáculo ubicado únicamente a barlovento pudiendo modificar su altura respecto al edificio en estudio. Con las mediciones realizadas se cuantificaron velocidades medias y fluctuaciones en distintas ubicaciones sobre la terraza y se seleccionaron las ubicaciones más favorables para la colocación de aerogeneradores. Se encontró una gran influencia de la altura del obstáculo en las velocidades medias y turbulencias, con lo cual la elección de dichas ubicaciones dependerá del entorno circundante.As a result of the continuous development of the wind generation, as well as of the decentralization in the generation of this; The present work analyzes the wind potential in terraces of buildings from experimental tests in wind tunnel. The tests consisted of visualizations by smoke injection and measurements with anemometry of hot wire, of the velocity field on the terraces of a typical building in the Latin American region, as well as the influence of different nearby buildings. Measurements were made for a specific configuration of two buildings, where the first one is considered an obstacle located only to windward, being able to modify its height with respect to the building under study. With the measurements made, average speeds and fluctuations were quantified in different locations on the terrace and the most favorable locations were selected for the placement of wind turbines. A great influence of the height of the obstacle in the average speeds and turbulences was found, with which the election of said locations will depend on the surrounding environment.Fil: Padilla Segura, Victor. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ingeniería. Departamento de Aeronáutica. Laboratorio de Capa Límite y Fluído Dinámica Ambiental; ArgentinaFil: Algozino, Santiago. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ingeniería. Departamento de Aeronáutica. Laboratorio de Capa Límite y Fluído Dinámica Ambiental; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata; ArgentinaFil: Marañon Di Leo, Julio. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ingeniería. Departamento de Aeronáutica. Laboratorio de Capa Límite y Fluído Dinámica Ambiental; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata; ArgentinaFil: Delnero, Juan Sebastian. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ingeniería. Departamento de Aeronáutica. Laboratorio de Capa Límite y Fluído Dinámica Ambiental; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata; ArgentinaFil: Mantelli, Pablo Marcelo. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ingeniería. Departamento de Aeronáutica. Laboratorio de Capa Límite y Fluído Dinámica Ambiental; ArgentinaFil: Gamarra, Ariel Nicolas. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ingeniería. Departamento de Aeronáutica. Laboratorio de Capa Límite y Fluído Dinámica Ambiental; Argentin

Estudio experimental para la optimización de la generación eólica en el entorno urbano / Experimental study for the optimization of wind generation in the urban environment

A raíz del continuo desarrollo de la generación eólica, así como también de la descentralización en la generación de esta; el presente trabajo analiza el potencial eólico en terrazas de edificios a partir de ensayos experimentales en túnel de viento. Los ensayos consistieron en visualizaciones mediante inyección de humo y mediciones con anemometría de hilo caliente, del campo de velocidades en las terrazas de un edificio típico en la región latinoamericana, así como la influencia de diferentes edificios cercanos. Se realizaron mediciones para una configuración específica de dos edificios, donde el primero se considera obstáculo ubicado únicamente a barlovento pudiendo modificar su altura respecto al edificio en estudio. Con las mediciones realizadas se cuantificaron velocidades medias y fluctuaciones en distintas ubicaciones sobre la terraza y se seleccionaron las ubicaciones más favorables para la colocación de aerogeneradores. Se encontró una gran influencia de la altura del obstáculo en las velocidades medias y turbulencias, con lo cual la elección de dichas ubicaciones dependerá del entorno circundante

Clonal chromosomal mosaicism and loss of chromosome Y in elderly men increase vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2

The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) had an estimated overall case fatality ratio of 1.38% (pre-vaccination), being 53% higher in males and increasing exponentially with age. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, we found 133 cases (1.42%) with detectable clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations (mCA) and 226 males (5.08%) with acquired loss of chromosome Y (LOY). Individuals with clonal mosaic events (mCA and/or LOY) showed a 54% increase in the risk of COVID-19 lethality. LOY is associated with transcriptomic biomarkers of immune dysfunction, pro-coagulation activity and cardiovascular risk. Interferon-induced genes involved in the initial immune response to SARS-CoV-2 are also down-regulated in LOY. Thus, mCA and LOY underlie at least part of the sex-biased severity and mortality of COVID-19 in aging patients. Given its potential therapeutic and prognostic relevance, evaluation of clonal mosaicism should be implemented as biomarker of COVID-19 severity in elderly people. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, individuals with clonal mosaic events (clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations and/or loss of chromosome Y) showed an increased risk of COVID-19 lethality

XVI International Congress of Control Electronics and Telecommunications: "Techno-scientific considerations for a post-pandemic world intensive in knowledge, innovation and sustainable local development"

Este título, sugestivo por los impactos durante la situación de la Covid 19 en el mundo, y que en Colombia lastimosamente han sido muy críticos, permiten asumir la obligada superación de tensiones sociales, políticas, y económicas; pero sobre todo científicas y tecnológicas. Inicialmente, esto supone la existencia de una capacidad de la sociedad colombiana por recuperar su estado inicial después de que haya cesado la perturbación a la que fue sometida por la catastrófica pandemia, y superar ese anterior estado de cosas ya que se encontraban -y aún se encuentran- muchos problemas locales mal resueltos, medianamente resueltos, y muchos sin resolver: es decir, habrá que rediseñar y fortalecer una probada resiliencia social existente - producto del prolongado conflicto social colombiano superado parcialmente por un proceso de paz exitoso - desde la tecnociencia local; como lo indicaba Markus Brunnermeier - economista alemán y catedrático de economía de la Universidad de Princeton- en su libro The Resilient Society…La cuestión no es preveerlo todo sino poder reaccionar…aprender a recuperarse rápido.This title, suggestive of the impacts during the Covid 19 situation in the world, and which have unfortunately been very critical in Colombia, allows us to assume the obligatory overcoming of social, political, and economic tensions; but above all scientific and technological. Initially, this supposes the existence of a capacity of Colombian society to recover its initial state after the disturbance to which it was subjected by the catastrophic pandemic has ceased, and to overcome that previous state of affairs since it was found -and still is find - many local problems poorly resolved, moderately resolved, and many unresolved: that is, an existing social resilience test will have to be redesigned and strengthened - product of the prolonged Colombian social conflict partially overcome by a successful peace process - from local technoscience; As Markus Brunnermeier - German economist and professor of economics at Princeton University - indicates in his book The Resilient Society...The question is not to foresee everything but to be able to react...learn to recover quickly.Bogot

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030

Concentrator effect of buildings on the energy production of Horizontal Axis Wind Turbines (HAWTs)

This paper describes wind tunnel measurements carried out to determine the advantages of the concentrator effect of buildings as a way to improve wind energy production in cities. Measurements of flow velocity were taken with the use of hot wire anemometry above the rooftop of a 15 storey 1:80 scaled generic shaped building. This flow was affected by another building located upstream, with variable height. The measured data was analyzed to determine flow characteristics such as; velocity field, turbulence intensity, autocorrelation coefficients, RMS (root mean square) and PSD (power spectral density). The experiments showed increases in velocity of between 21 and 43% above the building rooftop. This increase was found to be maximized when the flow above the building is not affected by surrounding buildings. Thus, potential advantages of the location of wind turbines on building terraces were demonstrated.Fil: Padilla Segura, Victor Manuel. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ingeniería. Departamento de Aeronáutica. Laboratorio de Capa Límite y Fluído Dinámica Ambiental; ArgentinaFil: Marañon Di Leo, Julio. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ingeniería. Departamento de Aeronáutica. Laboratorio de Capa Límite y Fluído Dinámica Ambiental; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Delnero, Juan Sebastian. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ingeniería. Departamento de Aeronáutica. Laboratorio de Capa Límite y Fluído Dinámica Ambiental; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata; ArgentinaFil: Mantelli, Pablo Marcelo. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ingeniería. Departamento de Aeronáutica. Laboratorio de Capa Límite y Fluído Dinámica Ambiental; Argentin

Prediction of long-term outcomes of HIV-infected patients developing non-AIDS events using a multistate approach

Outcomes of people living with HIV (PLWH) developing non-AIDS events (NAEs) remain poorly defined. We aimed to classify NAEs according to severity, and to describe clinical outcomes and prognostic factors after NAE occurrence using data from CoRIS, a large Spanish HIV cohort from 2004 to 2013. Prospective multicenter cohort study. Using a multistate approach we estimated 3 transition probabilities: from alive and NAE-free to alive and NAE-experienced ("NAE development"); from alive and NAE-experienced to death ("Death after NAE"); and from alive and NAE-free to death ("Death without NAE"). We analyzed the effect of different covariates, including demographic, immunologic and virologic data, on death or NAE development, based on estimates of hazard ratios (HR). We focused on the transition "Death after NAE". 8,789 PLWH were followed-up until death, cohort censoring or loss to follow-up. 792 first incident NAEs occurred in 9.01% PLWH (incidence rate 28.76; 95% confidence interval [CI], 26.80-30.84, per 1000 patient-years). 112 (14.14%) NAE-experienced PLWH and 240 (2.73%) NAE-free PLWH died. Adjusted HR for the transition "Death after NAE" was 12.1 (95%CI, 4.90-29.89). There was a graded increase in the adjusted HRs for mortality according to NAE severity category: HR (95%CI), 4.02 (2.45-6.57) for intermediate-severity; and 9.85 (5.45-17.81) for serious NAEs compared to low-severity NAEs. Male sex (HR 2.04; 95% CI, 1.11-3.84), ag

Impact of late presentation of HIV infection on short-, mid- and long-term mortality and causes of death in a multicenter national cohort : 2004-2013

To analyze the impact of late presentation (LP) on overall mortality and causes of death and describe LP trends and risk factors (2004-2013). Cox models and logistic regression were used to analyze data from a nation-wide cohort in Spain. LP is defined as being diagnosed when CD4 < 350 cells/ml or AIDS. Of 7165 new HIV diagnoses, 46.9% (CI:45.7-48.0) were LP, 240 patients died.First-year mortality was the highest (aHR = 10.3[CI:5.5-19.3]); between 1 and 4 years post-diagnosis, aHR = 1.9(1.2-3.0); an