Vida urbana: entre la desigualdad social y los espacios del habitar

En este artículo se parte de una encuesta en el área metropolitana de Granada sobre vivienda y estilos de vida urbanos, para mostrar algunas manifestaciones de la desigualdad social no sólo en la calidad material de la vivienda o los comportamientos relacionados con la movilidad espacial cotidiana, sino sobre todo en la forma en que las personas viven el espacio en función de su status socioeconómico. Las clases medias poseen una visión más funcional de la ciudad y su espacio circundante, mientras que los grupos trabajadores y populares otorgan al espacio y a las relaciones que tienen lugar en él un sentido expresivo y de sociabilidad en notable contraste con los anteriores. Se realiza también una propuesta metodológica que trata de aunar en una sola variable la condición socioeconó- mica y el espacio urbano.The origin of this article is a survey in the metropolitan area of Granada on housing and urban lifestyles. It shows some indications of social inequality not only inmaterial housing conditions or everyday mobility behaviour, but specially in the way people lives space depending on their socioeconomic status. Middle classes have a high functional perspective of the city and their surrounding space; on the other hand, working classes give space and the social relations that supports an expressive and related with sociability value, in a great contrast to the former. We also make a methodological proposal, putting together socioeconomic condition and urban space in only one variable

Estilos de vida y revitalización del espacio urbano

Este trabajo trata de profundizar en los distintos elementos que configuran los estilos de vida, tanto hacia dentro -a través de la búsqueda de la calidad de vida- como hacia fuera, en la configuración del espacio urbano. Está referido a un centro histórico -que además es Patrimonio de la Humanidad: el Albaicín de Granada-, donde el efecto de esta confluencia es la revitalización del mismo, según patrones diferenciados que afectan al modo de entender las relaciones con los distintos elementos que organizan ese espacio, como las relaciones interpersonales, las infraestructuras, el turismo, el papel de la Administración, etc. Se parte de un enfoque cualitativo, orientado a profundizar en la significación de los estilos de vida para los propios residentes, y se proponen algunas posibles repercusiones para la reproducción del espacio urbano, con carácter general.This piece of research work deals with different elements of life styles, internal (through life quality) and external (towards urban space constitution. It refers to a historical urban centre: the Albaicín of Granada world Heritage. The different elements that organize the space, the interpersonal relations, the role of the Administration, among other factors, are analysed in qualitative terms. So, the importance of life styles for residents and the consequences of the reproduction of the urban space are presented in the article

Guía Breve APA 6: cita y referencia en Ciencias Sociales, según la norma APA 6ª ed

Guía breve que resume los principales criterios de cita y referencia según la norma APA 6.Short guide with the main criteria for citation and referencing according to APA 6.Proyecto de Innovación docente 13-183: La documentación bibliográfica en la investigación social aplicada: sistematización de su enseñanza en los grados de la Facultad de Ciencias Políticas y Sociología

La libertad creadora en el pensamiento y la obra de G. K. Chesterton

Ensayo sobre las principales cualidades que permiten enmarcar el pensamiento y la obra de Chesterton: la capacidad creadora del artista, la solidez del filósofo, la profundidad del analista social y la bondad del maestro.Essay about the main qualities that frame the thought and works of Chesterton: the creativity of the artist, the solidity of philosopher, the depth of social analyst and the goodness of master

El barrio visto por sus pobladores: Búsqueda de elementos significativos para la calidad de vida

It is investigated about the perception of the inhabited space (neighbourhood) in order to identify the aspects of which subjectively they are associated to the quality of life. Through a qualitative methodological approach, with the technique of focal groups, the meaning is explored that has the district for its settlers. From the speech self-reflective, of the subjects, the ambivalences and the sense granted to the inhabited space are identified. It is shown that the neighbourhood constitutes a determining factor in the meaning of the quality of life of the settlers, not only by the physical-environmental aspects that characterize to it, but in addition by the cultural components that form it. With integration to the neighbourhood the property feeling is promoted and mechanisms of participation in activities directed to the conservation settle down, revitalization and development of the neighbourhood.Se indaga en torno a la percepción del espacio habitado (barrio) con el propósito de identificar los aspectos de éste que subjetivamente se asocian a la calidad de vida. A través de una aproximación metodológica cualitativa., con la técnica de grupos focales, se explora la significación que tiene el barrio para sus pobladores. A partir del discurso auto reflexivo, de los sujetos, se identifican las ambivalencias y el sentido otorgado al espacio habitado. Se pone de manifiesto que el barrio constituye un factor determinante en la significación de la calidad de vida de los pobladores, no sólo por los aspectos físico-ambientales que le caracterizan, sino además por los componentes culturales que lo configuran. Con la integración al barrio se promueve el sentimiento de pertenencia y se establecen mecanismos de participación en actividades dirigidas a la conservación, revitalización y desarrollo del barrio.Il est étudié autour de la perception de l’espace habité (quartier) dans le but d’identifier les aspects de celui-ci qui sont subjectivement associés à la qualité de vie. À travers un rapprochement méthodologique qualitatif, avec la technique de groupes focaux, on explore la signification qui a le quartier pour ses habitants. À partir du discours des sujets, on identifie les ambivalences et le sens accordé à l’espace habité. On met en évidence que le quartier constitue un facteur déterminant dans la signification de la qualité de vie des habitants, non seulement par les aspects physique-environnementaux qui le caractérisent, mais en outre par la configuration culturel. Avec l’intégration au quartier on favorise le sentiment d‘appartenance et on établit des mécanismes de participation des activités communautaires visant à la conservation, à la revitalisation et au développement du quartier

Image cognitive component from the perspective of competitive identity in Salcedo-Ecuador

La contribución significativa de la imagen, junto con la identidad competida entre los destinos, justifica el análisis del componente cognitivo y la identidad competitiva de la marca desde la perspectiva de los visitantes y los residentes. Visitantes y residentes fueron seleccionados por medio de un muestreo no probabilístico por cuotas mediante el método estratificado de afijación proporcional. Se estableció una muestra de 261 visitantes y 337 residentes, quienes se encontraban en la ciudad de Salcedo. Tras una investigación empírica, se analizan la calidad de los componentes de la imagen y las correlaciones de las variables latentes; también se estructura la relación entre el componente cognitivo y las dimensiones de la identidad competitiva; además, se identifica si los residentes tienen una mejor percepción de la imagen y de la marca que los visitantes. Finalmente, se expone que los dos grupos tienen influencia positiva y consistente del componente cognitivo de la imagen sobre las dimensiones de la identidad competitiva de su marca, esto evidencia la promoción como un elemento fundamental cuando la imagen percibida de la ciudad diseña estrategias orientadas a establecer una marca

Using Technology to Enhance a Project Management Course in the United Arab Emirates

Abstract There is little doubt that advances in technology have provided unprecedented opportunities to develop more effective learning platforms, with the aim of ultimately providing better student learning outcomes. However, technological innovations on their own may provide little more than improvements in quality and productivity over previously used methods. Technology, regardless of how advanced the technology is, should never be used as a substitute for good teaching practice, but as a means of enhancing existing good teaching practices. This paper discusses how, over a period of 4 years, technology has been embedded into a project management course within the United Arab Emirates in order to provide students with a more effective learning experience. The various technologies used in this example include videos of a case study project used in the course, a working example of the application software that was developed for the case study, audio recording of lectures and the construction of videos containing power point slides overlaid with previously recorded audio files

Social and environmental aspects of the energy transition

The need to promote a swift, efficient and fair energy transition to clean, secure and efficient energy production, storage, transport, and consumption is a major challenge for the future of the planet ( EC 2020 ). Currently, massive emissions of greenhouse gases ( particularly CO2 ) and other pollutants are changing global climate, and the lasts report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change ( IPCC 2018 ) advised that keeping the temperature increase below 1.5 ºC will require drastic, urgent and internationally coordinated actions. These initiatives will greatly affect advanced economies, characterized by high energy consumption, which should seek for clean and secure local energy sources, but they are also highly relevant for quickly developing countries, whose biodiversity, natural resources and standards of living are at risks due to over exploitation of local resources or to accumulation of waste products of energy production technologies coming from elsewhere. These processes of transition, though, have generated a variety of social and environmental impacts and, at the same time, have triggered complex questions about sustainability and social acceptance ( i.e. Sánchez-Zapata et al. 2019 for wind and solar energy production in Spain ). Social and environmental aspects of the transition to clean, secure and efficient energy production, storage, transport, and consumption should then be fully incorporated into research on new energy sources to ensure its sustainability.Peer reviewe

Pertactin-Deficient Bordetella pertussis with Unusual Mechanism of Pertactin Disruption, Spain, 1986-2018

Bordetella pertussis not expressing pertactin has increased in countries using acellular pertussis vaccines (ACV). The deficiency is mostly caused by pertactin gene disruption by IS481. To assess the effect of the transition from whole-cell vaccine to ACV on the emergence of B. pertussis not expressing pertactin in Spain, we studied 342 isolates collected during 1986-2018. We identified 93 pertactin-deficient isolates. All were detected after introduction of ACV and represented 38% of isolates collected during the ACV period; 58.1% belonged to a genetic cluster of isolates carrying the unusual prn::del(-292, 1340) mutation. Pertactin inactivation by IS481 insertion was identified in 23.7% of pertactin-deficient isolates, arising independently multiple times and in different phylogenetic branches. Our findings support the emergence and dissemination of a cluster of B. pertussis with an infrequent mechanism of pertactin disruption in Spain, probably resulting from introduction of ACV.This work was supported by the Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, and cofinanced by the European Regional Development Fund “A Way to Achieve Europe” (Spanish Network for Research in Infectious Diseases, grant no. FIS PI18/00703) and by the Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas), the Red Española de Investigación en Patología Infecciosa (grant no. CB21/13/00054). A.M.C. is supported by the Agència de Gestió d’Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca de la Generalitat de Catalunya at Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca (Ajuts per a la Contractació de Personal Investigador FI, grant no. 2020FI_B2_00145) and by the Spanish Network for Research in Infectious Diseases (grant no. RD16/ 0016/0003). A.M.M. is supported by a grant from the Fondo de Investigación Sanitaria at Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca (Contratos Predoctorales de Formación en Investigación, grant no. FI19/00315).S

Sialic Acid Glycobiology Unveils Trypanosoma cruzi Trypomastigote Membrane Physiology.

Trypanosoma cruzi, the flagellate protozoan agent of Chagas disease or American trypanosomiasis, is unable to synthesize sialic acids de novo. Mucins and trans-sialidase (TS) are substrate and enzyme, respectively, of the glycobiological system that scavenges sialic acid from the host in a crucial interplay for T. cruzi life cycle. The acquisition of the sialyl residue allows the parasite to avoid lysis by serum factors and to interact with the host cell. A major drawback to studying the sialylation kinetics and turnover of the trypomastigote glycoconjugates is the difficulty to identify and follow the recently acquired sialyl residues. To tackle this issue, we followed an unnatural sugar approach as bioorthogonal chemical reporters, where the use of azidosialyl residues allowed identifying the acquired sugar. Advanced microscopy techniques, together with biochemical methods, were used to study the trypomastigote membrane from its glycobiological perspective. Main sialyl acceptors were identified as mucins by biochemical procedures and protein markers. Together with determining their shedding and turnover rates, we also report that several membrane proteins, including TS and its substrates, both glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins, are separately distributed on parasite surface and contained in different and highly stable membrane microdomains. Notably, labeling for α(1,3)Galactosyl residues only partially colocalize with sialylated mucins, indicating that two species of glycosylated mucins do exist, which are segregated at the parasite surface. Moreover, sialylated mucins were included in lipid-raft-domains, whereas TS molecules are not. The location of the surface-anchored TS resulted too far off as to be capable to sialylate mucins, a role played by the shed TS instead. Phosphatidylinositol-phospholipase-C activity is actually not present in trypomastigotes. Therefore, shedding of TS occurs via microvesicles instead of as a fully soluble form