Changing the bench for a handshake: Litigation, administrative resolution and mediation in freedom of information complaints in Chile

The paper discusses how Chile has moved between different models of enforcement regarding freedom of information complaints. First, it examines how freedom of information was established in Chile by statute, legally entrusting its guarantee through judicial enforcement. Second, the paper reviews the creation of an administrative agency –called Consejo para la Transparencia– in charge of reviewing transparency complaints and expanding the exercise of the right. Finally, the paper describes how the model of conflict resolution has evolved and has received forms of mediation that allow faster resolution of cases and grant greater satisfaction to citizens and public officials

Criminological analysis of the principle of judicial opportunity of the art. 57.7 of Spanish Immigration Law: Waiving of criminal proceedings and primacy of administrative expulsion

Spanish Immigration Law provides (art. 57.7) that where a foreigner, on which is pending an administrative expulsion order, is accused in a penal procedure with a misdemeanour or felony which entails a punishment less than six years of imprisonment or any alternative penal sanction, administrative authority will request to the criminal judge to renounce continuing with the penal procedure and allowed the expulsion, and judge will renounce unless some circumstances will be appreciated to justify the continuation of the process. This regulation, manifestation of the principle of judicial opportunity, has been widely analyzed from a legal perspective, but little research has been done about its effective implementation in practice and about the costs and benefits derived from this ius puniendi's renunciation from the point of view of the purposes of punishment. With the overall aim of deepening the knowledge of this topic, the research we are doing aims to: 1) determine the prevalence of its application; 2) identify the profile of foreigners and offenses for which it is applied; and 3) identify which criteria are guiding the assessment of the court decision. Our hypothesis are that: i) there are some dysfunctions that hampered the application and also the knowledge of the exact number of authorizations granted and that ii) in practice, the assessment of costs and benefits that implies authorization in each case, is omitted. To achieve the first objective we are reviewing official statistics and judiciary/prosecutors instructions and conducting interviews with key stakeholders. To achieve the second and the third objectives, we are reviewing a sample of selected case files of trial courts of Madrid and Malaga, which also allows us to make comparisons between practices of both jurisdictions. The results obtained would allow us to develop good practices that could be useful for legal actors in the assessment of approval or denial the expulsion.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Open science and modified funding lotteries can impede the natural selection of bad science.

Assessing scientists using exploitable metrics can lead to the degradation of research methods even without any strategic behaviour on the part of individuals, via 'the natural selection of bad science.' Institutional incentives to maximize metrics like publication quantity and impact drive this dynamic. Removing these incentives is necessary, but institutional change is slow. However, recent developments suggest possible solutions with more rapid onsets. These include what we call open science improvements, which can reduce publication bias and improve the efficacy of peer review. In addition, there have been increasing calls for funders to move away from prestige- or innovation-based approaches in favour of lotteries. We investigated whether such changes are likely to improve the reproducibility of science even in the presence of persistent incentives for publication quantity through computational modelling. We found that modified lotteries, which allocate funding randomly among proposals that pass a threshold for methodological rigour, effectively reduce the rate of false discoveries, particularly when paired with open science improvements that increase the publication of negative results and improve the quality of peer review. In the absence of funding that targets rigour, open science improvements can still reduce false discoveries in the published literature but are less likely to improve the overall culture of research practices that underlie those publications

Emoción a flor de piel: Planta 4ª

Reseña de la película Planta 4ª, dirigida por Antonio Mercero, producida por Bocaboca Producciones S.L. e interpretada por Juán José Ballesta, Luis Ángel Priego y Gorka Moreno entre otros

¿El TLC con estados unidos es la puerta a la marginación del sector agropecuario en Colombia?

Este ensayo sobre la marginación del sector agropecuario por la entrada en vigor del TLC con Estados Unidos, se hace un análisis desde siglos anteriores como ha sido esa forma de abrir la fronteras para la comercialización de bienes y servicios sin cobro de aranceles, que países y bajo que convenios se empezó a usar este tipo acuerdos. De ese recuento histórico sigue el estudio, el cual se enfoca en las ventajas y desventajas que puede llegar a tener este tipo de acuerdos para el sector agropecuario en el país, que tan competitivo este sector puede llegar hacer con su par en Estados Unidos, que tan avanzados en infraestructura esta en país para ser más agiles a la hora de comercializar nacional e internacionalmente sus productos, para eso se analizara que políticas se han implementado desde la apertura económica, y que tanto el gobierno ayuda a este sector como lo hace el país americano, de ahí parte como los negociadores de un lado y otro plantearon una matriz con sus necesidades para así saber cómo negociar y que le conviene a un país u otro, ya que por ser culturalmente distintos sus necesidades son diferentes, y Colombia por ser un país tropical produce alimentos que en el país del norte no se consumen, es por eso que Colombia tiene que acomodarse a las necesidades del país para sacar máximo provecho.This essay on the marginalization of the agricultural sector by the entry into force of the FTA with the United States, an analysis from previous centuries as has been the way to open the borders for the marketing of goods and services without charging tariffs that countries and under that agreement began to use such agreements. In this historical account is the study, which focuses on the advantages and disadvantages that can have this type of agreement for the agricultural sector in the country, how competitive this industry can do with your couple in the United States, which infrastructure so advanced in this country to be more agile to commercialize its products nationally and internationally, for that you analyze which policies have been implemented since the economic opening, and that both government help this sector as does the American country, from there, as negotiators from both sides raised a matrix with your requirements and know how to negotiate and is best for one country or another, as being culturally different their needs are different, and Colombia for being a tropical country food produced in the north country is not consumed, is why Colombia has to accommodate the needs of the country to take full advantage

El control político del Ayuntamiento de Vitoria durante la Segunda República

En este trabajo se analiza la evolución del control político del Ayuntamiento de Vitoria-Gasteiz durante la II República. En esta época se producen numerosos cambios en las adscripciones políticas de los concejales y en las alianzas entre los partidos. La política local siguió en ocasiones las visicitudes de la política general. Analiza a continuación los resultados de las elecciones municipales celebradas en 1931. El resultado es una gran heterogeneidad política del ayuntamiento, que llegó a estar integrado por once formaciones ideológicas distintas. Podemos caracterizar a esta época por la gran inestabilidad política de la formaciones ideológicas. El ayuntamiento de Vitoria-Gasteiz estuvo controlado siempre por la izquierda, con excepción de una etapa dirigida por una gestora gubernativa radica

Beyond futebol and language: what have we missed from not paying Brazilian constitutionalism its due attention? Reflections from Chile

This essay proposes a critical and comparative reflection focusing on the lack of ‘constitutional dialogue’ Chile has developed with Brazil – and vice versa. After proposing a couple of contentions to explain this lack of attention (cultural and constitutional colonialism, on the one hand, coupled with Brazil geopolitical power, on the other), it moves on to lament what this lack of attention has deprived Chile from. As it discusses the means to overcome the lack of legitimacy that affects Chile’s constitutional text, it calls attention to some of the reasons that may explain, and actually justify, the celebratory tone the Brazilian Constitution’s 30th anniversary has acquired