G3BPs tether the TSC complex to lysosomes and suppress mTORC1 signaling

Ras GTPase-activating protein-binding proteins 1 and 2 (G3BP1 and G3BP2, respectively) are widely recognized as core components of stress granules (SGs). We report that G3BPs reside at the cytoplasmic surface of lysosomes. They act in a non-redundant manner to anchor the tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) protein complex to lysosomes and suppress activation of the metabolic master regulator mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) by amino acids and insulin. Like the TSC complex, G3BP1 deficiency elicits phenotypes related to mTORC1 hyperactivity. In the context of tumors, low G3BP1 levels enhance mTORC1-driven breast cancer cell motility and correlate with adverse outcomes in patients. Furthermore, G3bp1 inhibition in zebrafish disturbs neuronal development and function, leading to white matter heterotopia and neuronal hyperactivity. Thus, G3BPs are not only core components of SGs but also a key element of lysosomal TSC-mTORC1 signaling

Impact of silver ions and silver nanoparticles on the plant growth and soil microorganisms

There is a growing consumer market for products that proclaim to decrease microorganism counts to prevent infections. Most of these products are loaded with silver in its ionic or nanoparticle form. Through use or during production, these particles can find their way into the soil and cause an impact in microbial and plant communities. This study aims to evaluate the impact of silver based particles in Avena byzantina (oat), Lactuca sativa (lettuce) and Raphanus sativus (radish) development and in the soil microorganism abundance. Oat, lettuce and radish plants were cultivated in soil contaminated with particles of bentonite organomodified with silver (Ag+_bentonite), silver phosphate glass (Ag+_phosphate) and silver nanoparticles adsorbed on fumed silica (AgNp_silica). Plant development and microorganisms’ abundance were evaluated. To some degree, Ag+_bentonite impacted plants development and AgNp_silica causes an adverse effect on microbial abundance. The impact on plants and microorganisms was contradictory and varied according to soil and particles physicochemical characteristics

REGULADOR DE CRESCIMENTO NA PRODUTIVIDADE E QUALIDADE DE SEMENTES DE AVEIA-BRANCA

RESUMO A aveia-branca (Avena sativa) é uma importante alternativa para cultivos de inverno no sul do Brasil. Contudo, elevados percentuais de acamamento limitam sua produtividade. Nesse contexto, a utilização de reguladores de crescimento pode ser uma opção para evitar o acamamento e obter maior produtividade. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de doses do regulador de crescimento trinexapac-ethyl sobre as características agronômicas da aveia-branca, bem como sua influência na qualidade fisiológica e sanitária das sementes. Um experimento foi conduzido em campo, onde foi avaliada a influência de quatro doses de trinexapac-ethyl (0, 50, 100 e 150 g i.a. ha-1) sobre a estatura de planta, o diâmetro de colmo, o percentual de acamamento e os componentes do rendimento. Um segundo experimento foi conduzido em laboratório, onde sementes provenientes do estudo em campo foram avaliadas quanto a qualidade fisiológica a partir da mensuração da germinação, primeira contagem da germinação, condutividade elétrica, comprimento e massa de plântulas, envelhecimento acelerado, teste de frio, índice de velocidade de germinação, índice de velocidade de emergência, massa seca de plântulas em campo e sanidade pelo método de Blotter Test. A utilização de doses crescentes de trinexapac-ethyl reduziu de forma quadrática a estatura, bem como o acamamento de plantas de aveia-branca. A dose de 100 g i.a ha-1 de regulador de crescimento proporcionou os melhores resultados para os componentes de produtividade em A. sativa. O uso do trinexapac-ethyl afeta negativamente a germinação e o vigor de sementes de aveiabranca, assim como a sua sanidade, reduzindo a capacidade de estabelecimento e desenvolvimento inicial da cultura

Oral vs. Outpatient Parenteral Antimicrobial Treatment for Infective Endocarditis: Study Protocol for the Spanish OraPAT-IE GAMES Trial.

The POET trial demonstrated that moving from intravenous to oral antibiotics in stable patients with left-sided infective endocarditis (IE) was noninferior to fully parenteral treatment. However, it did not compare outpatient strategies. The OraPAT-IE GAMES trial is a noninferiority, multicenter, randomized, open-label study aimed to compare partial oral versus outpatient parenteral antibiotic therapy (OPAT) for consolidation of antibiotic treatment in left-sided IE. A total of 342 stable patients with IE caused by selected micro-organisms will eventually be included. After a minimum of 10 days of parenteral treatment, stable patients are randomized to oral therapy or OPAT. The primary end-point is a composite of all-cause mortality, unplanned cardiac surgery, relapse of positive blood cultures and/or unplanned hospital admission. Patients are followed-up for 6 months after completing antibiotic therapy. This trial seeks to demonstrate the equivalent efficacy of the two outpatient strategies currently available for stable patients with IE in the consolidation phase of antibiotic treatment. In a global context of limited healthcare resources and a sustained increase in elderly and frail patients, it is of great importance to demonstrate the effectiveness and safety of outpatient management strategies that could reduce the duration of conventional hospitalizations with their potential complications and inherent costs. EudraCT: 2020-001024-34. gov identifier: NCT05398679