An?lisis de los componentes did?cticos del plan de ?rea de matem?ticas de la Instituci?n Educativa La Libertad De Rovira Tolima y su relaci?n con el bajo desempe?o en las pruebas saber de primaria

170 p. Recurso Electr?nicoLa presente investigaci?n titulada an?lisis de los componentes did?cticos del plan de ?rea de matem?ticas de la Instituci?n Educativa La Libertad de Rovira ? Tolima y su relaci?n con el bajo desempe?o en las pruebas saber en el ?rea de matem?ticas de grado tercero de primaria analiza los planes de ?rea. ?sta se centra en la investigaci?n documental, el cual utiliza como enfoque lo cualitativo para indicar las necesidades que permiten la interpretaci?n y comprensi?n de los componentes a trav?s del plan de ?rea de matem?ticas de la Instituci?n Educativa La Libertad, por eso desde este enfoque se pretende la descripci?n de las cualidades de un fen?meno, abarcando una parte de la realidad para mejorar el desempe?o de los estudiantes de tercero de primaria en las pruebas saber de ah? que el an?lisis del plan de ?rea de matem?ticas abarca el grado primero hasta grado tercero de primaria, de tal manera que los estudiantes de grado tercero puedan mejorar los procesos de desempe?o en las pruebas saber. En ese sentido La investigaci?n a nivel metodol?gicamente se desarroll? a partir de tres momentos en los que se seleccionaron unos documentos que deben ser tenidos en cuenta en el dise?o de planes de ?rea para la estructuraci?n del curr?culo institucional, se procedi? a hacer una revisi?n exhaustiva al campo intelectual de la educaci?n y por ?ltimo se direccion? el an?lisis en torno a unas preguntas que se desprenden de los componentes did?cticos y para ello se emple? el m?todo anal?tico inductivo y el estudio de caso. Palabras clave: componentes did?cticos, desempe?o acad?mico y procesos de ense?anza-aprendizaje.The present qualified investigation analysis of the didactic components of the plan of area of mathematics of the Educational Institution The Freedom of Rovira - Tolima and his relation with the low performance in the tests to know in the area of mathematics of third degree of primary is based on the standards curriculares by means of which the institutions design the plans of area. This one centres on the documentary investigation, who uses as approach the qualitative thing to indicate the needs that allow the interpretation and comprehension of the components across the plan of area of mathematics of the Educational Institution The Freedom, because of it from this approach claims the description of the qualities of a phenomenon, including a part of the reality to improve the performance of the students of third party of primary in the tests to know of there that the analysis of the plan of area of mathematics includes the first degree up to third degree of primary, in such a way that the students of third degree could improve the processes of performance in the tests know. In this sense The investigation developed from three moments in which there were selected a few documents that they must be born in mind in the design of plans of area for the structure of the institutional curriculum, one proceeded to do an exhaustive review to the intellectual field of the education and finally direccion? the analysis concerning a few questions that part with the didactic components and for it there was used the analytical inductive method and the study of case. Keywords: Didactic components, academic performance and processes of education - learning

Conservative and disruptive modes of adolescent change in human brain functional connectivity

Adolescent changes in human brain function are not entirely understood. Here, we used multiecho functional MRI (fMRI) to measure developmental change in functional connectivity (FC) of resting-state oscillations between pairs of 330 cortical regions and 16 subcortical regions in 298 healthy adolescents scanned 520 times. Participants were aged 14 to 26 y and were scanned on 1 to 3 occasions at least 6 mo apart. We found 2 distinct modes of age-related change in FC: “conservative” and “disruptive.” Conservative development was characteristic of primary cortex, which was strongly connected at 14 y and became even more connected in the period from 14 to 26 y. Disruptive development was characteristic of association cortex and subcortical regions, where connectivity was remodeled: connections that were weak at 14 y became stronger during adolescence, and connections that were strong at 14 y became weaker. These modes of development were quantified using the maturational index (MI), estimated as Spearman’s correlation between edgewise baseline FC (at 14 y, FC14) and adolescent change in FC (ΔFC14−26), at each region. Disruptive systems (with negative MI) were activated by social cognition and autobiographical memory tasks in prior fMRI data and significantly colocated with prior maps of aerobic glycolysis (AG), AG-related gene expression, postnatal cortical surface expansion, and adolescent shrinkage of cortical thickness. The presence of these 2 modes of development was robust to numerous sensitivity analyses. We conclude that human brain organization is disrupted during adolescence by remodeling of FC between association cortical and subcortical areas

Metodolog?a para medir el riesgo de un portafolio de opciones europeas sobre ?ndices utilizando valor en riesgo y simulaci?n de Monte Carlo

La presente tesis busca medir el riesgo de portafolios de opciones europeas (Calls y Puts) sobre el ?ndice S&P 500; as? mismo se consider? el ?ndice VIX como volatilidad pronosticada de las opciones del S&P 500. Se elabor? el procedimiento de la simulaci?n del portafolio con opciones y S&P 500, usando la metodolog?a Black and Scholes (valorizaci?n de opciones), Valor en riesgo y la Simulaci?n Monte Carlo para hallar los valores de los portafolios. Se trabajaron dos escenarios: un portafolio s?lo con ?ndices S&P 500 y un portafolio con ?ndices y opciones. El estudio culmina con los siguientes resultados: primero, trabajar con opciones de precios bajos inyecta riesgo al portafolio; segundo, las opciones Puts ayudan a compensar las p?rdidas porque te paga cuando el ?ndice cae ; tercero, incluir una mayor proporci?n de opciones en un portafolio genera que se pueda disminuir el riesgo hasta un punto, en el cual se presentan portafolios con desviaciones est?ndar m?s grandes; y cuarto, un portafolio con menor proporci?n de opciones, el portafolio se vuelve menos riesgoso, acotando p?rdidas y reduciendo ganancias. Por lo tanto, seg?n los objetivos del el inversionista se formar? el portafolio seg?n su apetito al riesgo

Putative 3-nitrotyrosine detoxifying genes identified in the yeast Debaryomyces hansenii : In silico search of regulatory sequences responsive to salt and nitrogen stress

Background: During salt stress, the yeast Debaryomyces hansenii synthesizes tyrosine as a strategy to avoid the oxidation of proteins. Tyrosine reacts with nitrogen radicals to form 3-nitrotyrosine. 3-nitrotyrosine prevents the effects of associated oxidative stress and thus contributes to the high halotolerace of the yeast. However, the mechanism of how D. hansenii counteracts the presence of this toxic compound is unclear. In this work, we evaluated D. hansenii's capacity to assimilate 3-nitrotyrosine as a unique nitrogen source and measured its denitrase activity under salt stress. To identify putative genes related to the assimilation of 3-nitrotyrosine, we performed an in silico search in the promoter regions of D. hansenii genome. Results: We identified 15 genes whose promoters had binding site sequences for transcriptional factors of sodium, nitrogen, and oxidative stress with oxidoreductase and monooxygenase GO annotations. Two of these genes, DEHA2E24178g and DEHA2C00286g, coding for putative denitrases and having GATA sequences, were evaluated by RT-PCR and showed high expression under salt and nitrogen stress. Conclusions: D. hansenii can grow in the presence of 3-nitrotyrosine as the only nitrogen source and has a high specific denitrase activity to degrade 3-nitrotyrosine in 1 and 2 M NaCl stress conditions. The results suggest that given the lack of information on transcriptional factors in D. hansenii, the genes identified in our in silico analysis may help explain 3-nitrotyrosine assimilation mechanisms

Predictability of evolutionary trajectories in fitness landscapes

Experimental studies on enzyme evolution show that only a small fraction of all possible mutation trajectories are accessible to evolution. However, these experiments deal with individual enzymes and explore a tiny part of the fitness landscape. We report an exhaustive analysis of fitness landscapes constructed with an off-lattice model of protein folding where fitness is equated with robustness to misfolding. This model mimics the essential features of the interactions between amino acids, is consistent with the key paradigms of protein folding and reproduces the universal distribution of evolutionary rates among orthologous proteins. We introduce mean path divergence as a quantitative measure of the degree to which the starting and ending points determine the path of evolution in fitness landscapes. Global measures of landscape roughness are good predictors of path divergence in all studied landscapes: the mean path divergence is greater in smooth landscapes than in rough ones. The model-derived and experimental landscapes are significantly smoother than random landscapes and resemble additive landscapes perturbed with moderate amounts of noise; thus, these landscapes are substantially robust to mutation. The model landscapes show a deficit of suboptimal peaks even compared with noisy additive landscapes with similar overall roughness. We suggest that smoothness and the substantial deficit of peaks in the fitness landscapes of protein evolution are fundamental consequences of the physics of protein folding.Comment: 14 pages, 7 figure

Analysis of the Websites of Public Secondary Schools of Cantabria (Spain)

Resumen: Con la profunda transformación social que ha provocado la integración de las TIC en nuestro día a día, los modos de comunicación en el mundo educativo han evolucionado hacia internet y hacia un universo en red. Este hecho ha convertido a las páginas web de los centros educativos, entre otros elementos, en herramientas catalizadoras del panorama escolar. Con la finalidad de conocer la presentación de los contenidos de dichas páginas ante sus diferentes públicos se ha llevado a cabo en el presente trabajo una investigación para analizar las sedes web de los cuarenta y ocho centros públicos de Educación Secundaria de la Comunidad Autónoma de Cantabria. El análisis se ha llevado a cabo en relación a su contenido, organización, navegación, apariencia, diferenciación, velocidad, utilidad y accesibilidad. Los resultados obtenidos revelan cifras realmente alentadoras, como que sólo un 27?08% y 14?58% muestran deficiencias en su organización y claridad. Cabe destacar por otro lado, que la nota media de los sitios web en utilidad para las partes interesadas es de un 8?19 de valoración en su conjunto. Nos encontramos en líneas generales ante sitios webs con un claro carácter progresivo, activo e interactivo, aunque es posible concluir sugiriendo algunas mejoras como facilitar una difusión más rica de recursos útiles, así como suministrar una mayor exposición de los planes y proyectos más importantes del centro en algún apartado de las páginas web de los centros educativos.Abstract: With the profound social transformation that has led to the integration of ICT in our day to day, modes of communication in the educational world have evolved towards the Internet and towards a networked universe. This fact has turned the web pages of educational centers, among other elements, into catalytic tools for the school panorama. In order to know the presentation of the contents of these pages to their different audiences a research has been carried out in the present work to analyze the web sites of the forty-eight public secondary education centers of the Autonomous Community of Cantabria. The analysis has been carried out in relation to its content, organization, navigation, appearance, differentiation, speed, utility and accessibility. The results obtained reveal really encouraging figures, such as that only 27'08% and 14'58% show deficiencies in their organization and clarity. It should be noted on the other hand, that the average score of the websites in utility for the interested parties is of an 8'19 valuation as a whole. We are generally in front of websites with a clear progressive, active and interactive character, although it is possible to conclude by suggesting some improvements such as facilitating a richer dissemination of useful resources, as well as providing a greater exposure of the most important plans and projects of the center in some section of the web pages of educational centers

Fuentes digitales: un estudio de caso sobre la recuperación de la Memoria Histórica en España en Twitter

The incorporation of digital sources from online social media into historical research brings great opportunities, although it is not without technological challenges. The huge amount of information that can be obtained from these platforms obliges us to resort to the use of quantitative methodologies in which algorithms have special relevance, especially regarding network analysis and data mining. The Recovery of Historical Memory in Spain on the social network Twitter will be analysed in this article. An open-code tool called T-Hoarder was used; it is based on objectivity, transparency and knowledge-sharing. It has been in use since 2012.La incorporación de fuentes digitales procedentes de las redes sociales on-line a la investigación histórica aporta grandes oportunidades aunque no está exenta de retos tecnológicos. La ingente información que se puede obtener de estas plataformas aboca sin remedio al uso de metodologías cuantitativas en las que los algoritmos adquieren especial relevancia, especialmente en el análisis de redes y la minería de datos. En este artículo se analizará Recuperación de la Memoria Histórica en España en la red social Twitter. Se aplicará una metodología denominada T-Hoarder_kit, de código abierto, usada desde el año 2012, que cumple con los requisitos de objetividad, transparencia y compartición de conocimientos

Gene transcription profiles associated with inter-modular hubs and connection distance in human fMRI networks

Graph theoretical methods have been widely used to investigate the topology of large-scale human brain networks constructed from resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). It has been demonstrated that such human functional connectomes have a complex topology comprising integrative components, such as hubs and inter-modular edges, that are associated with proxy markers of greater biological cost. In the absence of secure knowledge of the neurovascular mechanisms linking ensemble oscillations of neuronal populations to low frequency coupling or functional connectivity between regional fMRI time series, it has been challenging to validate fMRI network properties reductionistically. Supportive evidence to date has been mostly provided by analogous results on the relationships between integrative topology and biological cost in other nervous systems. Here, we use microarray data on brain regional expression of 20,737 genes to explore the relationships between fMRI network topology and transcription of genes annotated for biological processes and cellular components. We show that intra-modular degree and inter-modular degree are differently patterned in anatomical space, are differently associated with cytoarchitectonic classes of cortex, and are associated with distinct and statistically independent gene expression profiles. Genes strongly associated with nodes mediating many long-distance and inter-modular connections are significantly enriched for oxidative metabolism and mitochondria as well as for a subset of genes specifically enriched in human supragranular cortical layers. These results are directly supportive of the concept of high cost / high value network hubs in fMRI networks and point to the nascent opportunity to resolve the molecular and cellular substrates of human brain graphs

Identification of the Sex Pheromone of a Protected Species, the Spanish Moon Moth Graellsia isabellae

Sex attractant pheromones are highly sensitive and selective tools for detecting and monitoring populations of insects, yet there has been only one reported case of pheromones being used to monitor protected species. Here, we report the identification and synthesis of the sex pheromone of a protected European moth species, Graellsia isabellae (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae), as the single component, (4E,6E,11Z)-hexadecatrienal. In preliminary field trials, lures loaded with this compound attracted male moths from populations of this species at a number of widely separated field sites in France, Switzerland, and Spain, clearly demonstrating the utility of pheromones in sampling potentially endangered insect species