Assessment of preference Liriomyza spp. in different chickpea genotypes and effect of Melia azedarach L. extract : preliminary results

En Argentina se están desarrollando genotipos de garbanzo (Cicer arietinum L.) para adecuarlos a las distintas zonas de producción. Estos presentan diferentes fenotipos lo que podría afectar las preferencias de oviposición de los insectos herbívoros de hábito minador. Los objetivos de este trabajo fueron: 1) determinar si las hembras del género Liriomyza spp. muestran preferencia por algún genotipo de garbanzo, y 2) evaluar el efecto del extracto de Melia azedarach sobre las líneas de garbanzo que resultaran susceptibles. Se sembraron dos líneas selectas y dos cultivares de C. arietinum que presentan hojas unifoliadas enteras o compuestas, en el Campo Experimental de la Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, en bloques al azar con tres repeticiones. Para analizar la preferencia, mediante censos semanales se evaluó la presencia de las larvas de las moscas en el período julio-septiembre. Los dípteros eligieron de manera significativa los genotipos de hoja entera y grande. Posteriormente, las plantas con hojas minadas de las variedades preferidas fueron sometidas a tratamiento con el extracto botánico. Para ello se marcaron cinco plantas de cada bloque: a 15 se les aplicó extracto (10%) y a las otras 15 agua (control). Se observó que el número de hojas minadas, de pupas y adultos emergidos disminuyeron en los tratamientos con el extracto. Estudios complementarios serán necesarios para poder considerar este compuesto natural en un plan de manejo del herbívoro.In Argentina several genotypes of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) have been developed to be cropped in environmentally different production areas. These have different phenotypes which could affect oviposition preferences of the behavior of leafminer. The aims of this study were two-fold: 1) to determine if leafminer Liriomyza spp. has a preference for any chickpea genotype, and 2) to evaluate the insecticide effect of Melia azedarach extracts on susceptible genotypes. Two selected lines and two cultivars of C. arietinum were planted in the experimental field of the FCA, UNC, in randomized blocks with three replications. Through weekly surveys, the preference of the flies in the period from July to September was determined by recording their presence in plants. The leafminer significantly choice the genotype with entire and large leaves. Subsequently, they were treated with botanical extracts by selecting five plants on each block: fifteen of them were treated with a 10% M. azederach extract and the other fifteen only with water (control). Number of mined leaves, pupae and emerged adults decreased after the treatment with the extract. Additional studies are needed to consider this natural compound in a management plan for the herbivore.Fil: Ávalos, Delia S.. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias. Cátedra de Zoología Agrícola.Fil: Ricobelli, Guillermo. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal. Centro de Investigaciones Entomológicas de Córdoba.Fil: Palacios, Sara M.. Universidad Católica de Córdoba. Laboratorio de Química Fina y Productos Naturales.Fil: Defagó, María T.. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal. Centro de Investigaciones Entomológicas de Córdoba

Investigating Piezochromic Properties of πconjugated Materials: a combined Raman and DFT Study

Π-conjugated materials have been studied for decades due to their great interest in organic electronics. Among them, piezochromic materials, which exhibit color changes resulting from external pressure or mechanical grinding, become very attractive from a scientific viewpoint owing to their potential applications as pressure-sensing and opticalrecording systems1. The main target of the present work is to develop a joint experimental and theoretical approach able to deliver crucial information for the understanding of the structural effects causing piezochromic changes. To this end, we will focus our attention on two families of -conjugated materials with potential application as sensors. The first one is a family of 9,10-Bis((E)-n(pyrid-2-yl)vinyl) anthracene, BPnVA (n=2 orto-,3 metha- and 4 para-) compounds, see Figure 1. Interestingly, these three compounds with varying position of the nitrogen on the external pyridyl group exhibit different molecular packing modes. Grinding and the application of external pressure on the powder also led to a strong change in their photoluminescence color.2 The second familiy is based on the N,N’-Bis-Boc-3,3’-di(pyren-1yl)-2,2’-biindole compound (compound 1c in Figure 1) which also shows photoluminescence under pressure application. However, the molecular packing induced by this phenomenon is still under study 3. In both cases, it will be also very interesting to determine how temperature affects the vibrational structure of these systems.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Analysis of ecosystem services provision in the Colombian Amazon using participatory research and mapping techniques

Over the last two decades indigenous peoples in the lower Caquetá River basin in Colombia have experienced detrimental changes in the provision of important ecosystem services in ways that have significant implications for the maintenance of their traditional livelihoods. To assess these changes we conducted eight participatory mapping activities and convened 22 focus group discussions. We focused the analysis on two types of change: (1) changes in the location of ecosystem services provisioning areas and (2) changes in the stock of ecosystem services. The focal ecosystem services include services such as provision of food, raw materials and medicinal resources. Results from the study show that in the past two decades the demand for food and raw materials has intensified and, as a result, locations of provisioning areas and the stocks of ecosystem services have changed. We found anecdotal evidence that these changes correlate well with socio-economic factors such as greater need for income generation, change in livelihood practices and consumption patterns. We discuss the use of participatory mapping techniques in the context of marginalized and data-poor regions. We also show how this kind of information can strengthen existing ecosystem-based management strategies used by indigenous peoples in the Colombian Amazon

Piezochromic properties of a D-A-D platform: A joint experimental and theoretical perspective

Organic π-conjugated molecules with mechanochromic luminescence properties have attracted great interest in the last two decades due to their numerous applications in the optoelectronic field, such as sensors, probes and security inks. Materials that modify their colour under pressure are known as piezochromic materials. Usually, this variation is provoked by changes in the molecular structure, for example, crystal-to-amorphous phase transitions, modifications in dihedral angles or bond distances, and intermolecular interactions. The molecule proposed in this study is a TADF (Thermally activated delayed fluorescence) U-shaped molecule composed by two donors and one acceptor (D-A-D) units with a π-conjugated skeleton [1]. It was synthetized as a powder which under different crystallization methods gives rise to different conformers varying the dihedral angle of the bond that links the D and A units. The donors are two phenothiazine units and the acceptor is a dibenzo[a,j]phenazine unit located in the central core. Two different conformers have been analysed: the quasi equatorial - quasi equatorial (denoted as 1R) and the quasi axial - quasi axial (denoted as 1Y). In this project, we study the configurational changes triggering the piezochromic effects combining density functional theory (DFT) calculations with Raman spectroscopy experiments of the 1R and 1Y conformers during heating or in compression via a sapphire anvil cell [2]. Both show pressure and temperature dependence properties. Besides, these changes are reversible meaning that when the stimuli stop they revert to its original conformation. When these molecules are exposed to different ambient (like pressure or temperature variations) they evolved to a third conformer with an intermediate dihedral angle that results in different Raman, emission and absorption behaviour.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Triclosan-caffeic acid hybrids: Synthesis, leishmanicidal, trypanocidal and cytotoxic activities

The synthesis, cytotoxicity, anti-leishmanial and anti-trypanosomal activities of twelve triclosan-caffeic acid hybrids are described herein. The structure of the synthesized products was elucidated by a com- bination of spectrometric analyses. The synthesized compounds were evaluated against amastigotes forms of L. (V) panamensis , which is the most prevalent Leishmania species in Colombia, and against Trypanosoma cruzi, which is the pathogenic species to humans. Cytotoxicity was evaluated against hu- man U-937 macrophages. Eight compounds were active against L. (V) panamensis ( 18 e 23, 26 and 30 ) and eight of them against T. cruzi ( 19 e 22 , 24 and 28 e 30 ) with EC 50 values lower than 40 m M. Compounds 19 e 22 , 24 and 28 e 30 showed higher activities than benznidazole (BNZ). Esters 19 and 21 were the most active compounds for both L. (V) panamensis and T. cruzi with 3.82 and 11.65 m M and 8.25 and 8.69 m M, respectively. Compounds 19 e 22 , 24 and 28 e 30 showed higher activities than benznidazole (BNZ). Most of the compounds showed antiprotozoal activity and with exception of 18 , 26 and 28 , the remaining compounds were toxic for mammalian cells, yet they have potential to be considered as candidates for anti-trypanosomal and anti-leishmanial drug development. The activity is dependent on the length of the alkyl linker with compound 19 , bearing a four-carbon alkyl chain, the most performing hybrid. In general, hydroxyl groups increase both activity and cytotoxicity and the presence of the double bond in the side chain is not decisive for cytotoxicity and anti-protozoal activity

Evaluación de la preferencia de Liriomyza spp. en genotipos diferentes de garbanzo yefecto del extracto de Melia azedarach L.: resultados preliminares

In Argentina several genotypes of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) have been developed to be cropped in environmentally different production areas. These have different phenotypes which could affect oviposition preferences of the behavior of leafminer. The aims of this study were two-fold: 1) to determine if leafminer Liriomyza spp. has a preference for any chickpea genotype, and 2) to evaluate the insecticide effect of Melia azedarach extracts on susceptible genotypes. Two selected lines and two cultivars of C. arietinum were planted in the experimental field of the FCA, UNC, in randomized blocks with three replications. Through weekly surveys, the preference of the flies in the period from July to September was determined by recording their presence in plants. The leafminer significantly choice the genotype with entire and large leaves. Subsequently, they were treated with botanical extracts by selecting five plants on each block: fifteen of them were treated with a 10% M. azederach extract and the other fifteen only with water (control). Number of mined leaves, pupae and emerged adults decreased after the treatment with the extract. Additional studies are needed to consider this natural compound in a management plan for the herbivore.En Argentina se están desarrollando genotipos de garbanzo (Cicer arietinum L.) para adecuarlos a las distintas zonas de producción. Estos presentan diferentes fenotipos lo que podría afectar las preferencias de oviposición de los insectos herbívoros de hábito minador. Los objetivos de este trabajo fueron: 1) determinar si las hembras del género Liriomyza spp. muestran preferencia por algún genotipo de garbanzo, y 2) evaluar el efecto del extracto de Melia azedarach sobre las líneas de garbanzo que resultaran susceptibles. Se sembraron dos líneas selectas y dos cultivares de C. arietinum que presentan hojas unifoliadas enteras o compuestas, en el Campo Experimental de la Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, en bloques al azar con tres repeticiones. Para analizar la preferencia, mediante censos semanales se evaluó la presencia de las larvas de las moscas en el período julio-septiembre. Los dípteros eligieron de manera significativa los genotipos de hoja entera y grande. Posteriormente, las plantas con hojas minadas de las variedades preferidas fueron sometidas a tratamiento con el extracto botánico. Para ello se marcaron cinco plantas de cada bloque: a 15 se les aplicó extracto (10%) y a las otras 15 agua (control). Se observó que el número de hojas minadas, de pupas y adultos emergidos disminuyeron en los tratamientos con el extracto. Estudios complementarios serán necesarios para poder considerar este compuesto natural en un plan de manejo del herbívoro

Evaluación de la preferencia de Liriomyza spp. en genotipos diferentes de garbanzo y efecto del extracto de Melia azedarach L: resultados preliminares

En Argentina se están desarrollando genotipos de garbanzo (Cicer arietinum L.) para adecuarlos a las distintas zonas de producción. Estos presentan diferentes fenotipos lo que podría afectar las preferencias de oviposición de los insectos herbívoros de hábito minador. Los objetivos de este trabajo fueron: 1) determinar si las hembras del género Liriomyza spp. muestran preferencia por algún genotipo de garbanzo, y 2) evaluar el efecto del extracto de Melia azedarach sobre las líneas de garbanzo que resultaran susceptibles. Se sembraron dos líneas selectas y dos cultivares de C. arietinum que presentan hojas unifoliadas enteras o compuestas, en el Campo Experimental de la Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, en bloques al azar con tres repeticiones. Para analizar la preferencia, mediante censos semanales se evaluó la presencia de las larvas de las moscas en el período julio-septiembre. Los dípteros eligieron de manera significativa los genotipos de hoja entera y grande.Posteriormente, las plantas con hojas minadas de las variedades preferidas fueron sometidas a tratamiento con el extracto botánico. Para ello se marcaron cinco plantas de cada bloque: a 15 se les aplicó extracto (10%) y a las otras 15 agua (control). Se observó que el número de hojas minadas, de pupas y adultos emergidos disminuyeron en los tratamientos con el extracto. Estudios complementarios serán necesarios para poder considerar este compuesto natural en un plan de manejo del herbívoro.In Argentina several genotypes of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) have been developed to be cropped in environmentally different production areas. These have different phenotypes which could affect oviposition preferences of the behavior of leafminer. The aims of this study were two-fold: 1) to determine if leafminer Liriomyza spp. has a preference for any chickpea genotype, and 2) to evaluate the insecticide effect of Melia azedarach extracts on susceptible genotypes. Two selected lines and two cultivars of C. arietinum were planted in the experimental field of the FCA, UNC, in randomized blocks with three replications. Through weekly surveys, the preference of the flies in the period from July to September was determined by recording their presence in plants. The leafminer significantly choice the genotype with entire and large leaves. Subsequently, they were treated with botanical extracts by selecting five plants on each block: fifteen of them were treated with a 10% M. azederach extract and the other fifteen only with water (control). Number of mined leaves, pupae and emerged adults decreased after the treatment with the extract. Additional studies are needed to consider this natural compound in a management plan for the herbivore.publishedVersionFil: Ávalos, Delia Susana. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias. Cátedra de Zoología Agrícola; Argentina.Fil: Ricobelli, Guillermo. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales. Centro de Investigaciones Entomológicas de Córdoba (CIEC); Argentina.Fil: Ricobelli, Guillermo. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV); Argentina.Fil: Ricobelli, Guillermo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET). Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV); Argentina.Fil: Palacios, Sara M. Universidad Católica de Córdoba (UCC). Facultad de Ciencias Químicas. Laboratorio de Química Fina y Productos Naturales; Argentina.Fil: Defagó, María Teresa. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales. Centro de Investigaciones Entomológicas de Córdoba (CIEC); Argentina.Fil: Defagó, María Teresa. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV); Argentina.Fil: Defagó, María Teresa. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET). Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV); Argentina

Antifeedant and Toxic Effect of Crude Extract from Flourensia oolepis and their Impact on Nutritional Parameters of Helicoverpa gelotopoeon

Botanical insecticides are one of the environmentally acceptable options for pest management. Extract of Flourensia oolepis (known as chilca), a plant endemic to the province of C\uf3rdoba, Argentina, has shown insecticidal activity. The aim of this work was to study the effect of crude extract of this F. oolepis on the nutritional parameters of Helicoverpa gelotopoeon , a polyphagous species recently reported as one of the most serious pests of chickpea. Choice tests were conducted using different doses of extract (1 to 10%) and acetone (control), and no-choice tests, feeding larvae for 10 days with chickpea leaves treated with extract (1 to 5%), with controls (water and acetone). We used three third instar larvae per replica and 8 repetitions of each. The variables measured were: consumption, fresh and dry weight of larvae, of feces and of the leaves given every 48 hours. We calculated the feeding inhibition and nutrition indices, and survival. In choice bioassays using the 10% dose, larvae preferred the control leaves, with the extract acting as a feeding inhibitor (92%). In the nochoice test, leaf consumption was markedly reduced with extract, affecting larval growth in a dose-dependent manner (p < 0.05), as well as feed utilization and lepidoptera survival

Quantitative study of hydration of C3S and C2S by thermal analysis. Evolution and composition of C-S-H gels formed

This research is part of a European project (namely, CODICE project), main objective of which is modelling, at a multi-scale, the evolution of the mechanical performance of non-degraded and degraded cementitious matrices. For that, a series of experiments were planned with pure synthetic tri-calcium silicate (C3S) and bi-calcium silicate (C2S) (main components of the Portland cement clinker) to obtain different calcium–silicate–hydrate (C–S–H) gel structures during their hydration. The characterization of those C–S–H gels and matrices will provide experimental parameters for the validation of the multi-scale modelling scheme proposed. In this article, a quantitative method, based on thermal analyses, has been used for the determination of the chemical composition of the C–S–H gel together with the degree of hydration and quantitative evolution of all the components of the pastes. Besides, the microstructure and type of silicate tetrahedron and mean chain length (MCL) were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and 29Si magic-angle-spinning (MAS) NMR, respectively. The main results showed that the chemical compositions for the C–S–H gels have a CaO/SiO2 M ratio almost constant of 1.7 for both C3S and C2S compounds. Small differences were found in the gel water content: the H2O/SiO2 M ratio ranged from 2.9 ± 0.2 to 2.6 ± 0.2 for the C3S (decrease) and from 2.4 ± 0.2 to 3.2 ± 0.2 for the C2S (increase). The MCL values of the C–S–H gels, determined from 29Si MAS NMR, were 3.5 and 4 silicate tetrahedron, for the hydrated C3S and C2S, respectively, remaining almost constant at all hydration periods